Californium is made by bombarding curium with alpha particles (helium-4 ions). Two crystalline forms exist under normal pressure: one above and one below 900 °C (1,650 °F) and a third form exists at high pressure. The most stable isotope is californium-251, with a half-life of 898 years.

Californium is made by bombarding curium with alpha particles (helium-4 ions). Two crystalline forms exist under normal pressure: one above and one below 900 °C (1,650 °F) and a third form exists at high pressure. The most stable isotope is californium-251, with a half-life of 898 years.

Californium is made by bombarding curium with alpha particles (helium-4 ions). Two crystalline forms exist under normal pressure: one above and one below 900 °C (1,650 °F) and a third form exists at high pressure. The most stable isotope is californium-251, with a half-life of 898 years.

Californium is made by bombarding curium with alpha particles (helium-4 ions). Two crystalline forms exist under normal pressure: one above and one below 900 °C (1,650 °F) and a third form exists at high pressure. The most stable isotope is californium-251, with a half-life of 898 years.

Californium is made by bombarding curium with alpha particles (helium-4 ions). Two crystalline forms exist under normal pressure: one above and one below 900 °C (1,650 °F) and a third form exists at high pressure. The most stable isotope is californium-251, with a half-life of 898 years.

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1950 by Glenn T. Seaborg, Stanley G. Thompson, Albert Ghiorso and Kenneth Street, USA.

1950 by Glenn T. Seaborg, Stanley G. Thompson, Albert Ghiorso and Kenneth Street, USA.

1950 by Glenn T. Seaborg, Stanley G. Thompson, Albert Ghiorso and Kenneth Street, USA.

1950 by Glenn T. Seaborg, Stanley G. Thompson, Albert Ghiorso and Kenneth Street, USA.

1950 by Glenn T. Seaborg, Stanley G. Thompson, Albert Ghiorso and Kenneth Street, USA.

DISCOVERY

DISCOVERY

DISCOVERY

DISCOVERY

DISCOVERY

---

From the name of the State and University of California, USA.

From the name of the State and University of California, USA.

From the name of the State and University of California, USA.

From the name of the State and University of California, USA.

From the name of the State and University of California, USA.

ETYMOLOGY

ETYMOLOGY

ETYMOLOGY

ETYMOLOGY

ETYMOLOGY

---

---

Californium

Californium

Californium

Californium

Californium

---

Element

Element

Element

Element

Element

---

Cf

Cf

Cf

Cf

Cf

---

Symbol

Symbol

Symbol

Symbol

Symbol

---

---

---

98

98

98

98

98

---

Atomic Number

Atomic Number

Atomic Number

Atomic Number

Atomic Number

---

Actinide

Actinide

Actinide

Actinide

Actinide

---

Classification

Classification

Classification

Classification

Classification

---

7440-71-3

7440-71-3

7440-71-3

7440-71-3

7440-71-3

---

CAS Number

CAS Number

CAS Number

CAS Number

CAS Number

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Elemental Colour

Elemental Colour

Elemental Colour

Elemental Colour

Elemental Colour

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Refractive Index

Refractive Index

Refractive Index

Refractive Index

Refractive Index

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Poisson Ratio

Poisson Ratio

Poisson Ratio

Poisson Ratio

Poisson Ratio

---

16.595 cm³

16.595 cm³

16.595 cm³

16.595 cm³

16.595 cm³

---

Molar Volume

Molar Volume

Molar Volume

Molar Volume

Molar Volume

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Brinell Hardness

Brinell Hardness

Brinell Hardness

Brinell Hardness

Brinell Hardness

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Mohs Hardness

Mohs Hardness

Mohs Hardness

Mohs Hardness

Mohs Hardness

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Vickers Hardness

Vickers Hardness

Vickers Hardness

Vickers Hardness

Vickers Hardness

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Speed of Sound

Speed of Sound

Speed of Sound

Speed of Sound

Speed of Sound

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Bulk Modulus

Bulk Modulus

Bulk Modulus

Bulk Modulus

Bulk Modulus

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Shear Modulus

Shear Modulus

Shear Modulus

Shear Modulus

Shear Modulus

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Young Modulus

Young Modulus

Young Modulus

Young Modulus

Young Modulus

---

---

---

Allotropes

Allotropes

Allotropes

Allotropes

Allotropes

---

---

---

1,173.15 K, 900.00 °C

1,173.15 K, 900.00 °C

1,173.15 K, 900.00 °C

1,173.15 K, 900.00 °C

900.00 °C

---

Melting Point

Melting Point

Melting Point

Melting Point

Melting Point

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Boiling Point

Boiling Point

Boiling Point

Boiling Point

Boiling Point

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Automatic Ignition

Automatic Ignition

Automatic Ignition

Automatic Ignition

Automatic Ignition

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Flashpoint

Flashpoint

Flashpoint

Flashpoint

Flashpoint

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Critical Temperature

Critical Temperature

Critical Temperature

Critical Temperature

Critical Temperature

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Critical Pressure

Critical Pressure

Critical Pressure

Critical Pressure

Critical Pressure

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Thermal Conductivity

Thermal Conductivity

Thermal Conductivity

Thermal Conductivity

Thermal Conductivity

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Thermal Expansion

Thermal Expansion

Thermal Expansion

Thermal Expansion

Thermal Expansion

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Specific Heat

Specific Heat

Specific Heat

Specific Heat

Specific Heat

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Heat Fusion

Heat Fusion

Heat Fusion

Heat Fusion

Heat Fusion

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Heat Vaporisation

Heat Vaporisation

Heat Vaporisation

Heat Vaporisation

Heat Vaporisation

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Heat Combustion

Heat Combustion

Heat Combustion

Heat Combustion

Heat Combustion

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Curie Point

Curie Point

Curie Point

Curie Point

Curie Point

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Neel Point

Neel Point

Neel Point

Neel Point

Neel Point

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Adiabatic Index

Adiabatic Index

Adiabatic Index

Adiabatic Index

Adiabatic Index

---

Solid

Solid

Solid

Solid

Solid

---

Phase

Phase

Phase

Phase

Phase

-

-

-

-

-

---

Electrical Type

Electrical Type

Electrical Type

Electrical Type

Electrical Type

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Conductivity

Conductivity

Conductivity

Conductivity

Conductivity

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Resistivity

Resistivity

Resistivity

Resistivity

Resistivity

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Superconducting Point

Superconducting Point

Superconducting Point

Superconducting Point

Superconducting Point

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Magnetic Type

Magnetic Type

Magnetic Type

Magnetic Type

Magnetic Type

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Mass Susceptibility

Mass Susceptibility

Mass Susceptibility

Mass Susceptibility

Mass Susceptibility

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Molar Susceptibility

Molar Susceptibility

Molar Susceptibility

Molar Susceptibility

Molar Susceptibility

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Volume Susceptibility

Volume Susceptibility

Volume Susceptibility

Volume Susceptibility

Volume Susceptibility

Material Composition

Material Composition

Material Composition

Material Composition

Material Composition

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Universe

Universe

Universe

Universe

Universe

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Meteorites

Meteorites

Meteorites

Meteorites

Meteorites

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Sun

Sun

Sun

Sun

Sun

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Earth Crust

Earth Crust

Earth Crust

Earth Crust

Earth Crust

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Oceans

Oceans

Oceans

Oceans

Oceans

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Humans

Humans

Humans

Humans

Humans

250.578'119'0

250.578'119'0

250.578'119'0

250.578'119'0

250.578'119'0

---

Atomic Weight

Atomic Weight

Atomic Weight

Atomic Weight

Atomic Weight

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Atomic Radius

Atomic Radius

Atomic Radius

Atomic Radius

Atomic Radius

---

168 pm

168 pm

168 pm

168 pm

168 pm

---

Covalent Radius Single Bond

Covalent Radius Single Bond

Covalent Radius Single Bond

Covalent Radius Single Bond

Covalent Radius Single Bond

---

140 pm

140 pm

140 pm

140 pm

140 pm

---

Covalent Radius Double Bond

Covalent Radius Double Bond

Covalent Radius Double Bond

Covalent Radius Double Bond

Covalent Radius Double Bond

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Covalent Radius Triple Bond

Covalent Radius Triple Bond

Covalent Radius Triple Bond

Covalent Radius Triple Bond

Covalent Radius Triple Bond

---

245 pm

245 pm

245 pm

245 pm

245 pm

---

Van der Waals Radius

Van der Waals Radius

Van der Waals Radius

Van der Waals Radius

Van der Waals Radius

---

[Rn]7s²5f¹⁰

[Rn]7s²5f¹⁰

[Rn]7s²5f¹⁰

[Rn]7s²5f¹⁰

[Rn]7s²5f¹⁰

---

Electron Configuration

Electron Configuration

Electron Configuration

Electron Configuration

Electron Configuration

---

Hexagonal, Close Packed Double

Hexagonal, Close Packed Double

Hexagonal, Close Packed Double

Hexagonal, Close Packed Double

Hexagonal, Close Packed Double

---

Crystal Structure

Crystal Structure

Crystal Structure

Crystal Structure

Crystal Structure

---

15.100'00 g/cm³

15.100'00 g/cm³

15.100'00 g/cm³

15.100'00 g/cm³

15.100'00 g/cm³

---

Density as Solid

Density as Solid

Density as Solid

Density as Solid

Density as Solid

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Density as Liquid

Density as Liquid

Density as Liquid

Density as Liquid

Density as Liquid

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Density as Gas

Density as Gas

Density as Gas

Density as Gas

Density as Gas

---

P6₃/mmc

P6₃/mmc

P6₃/mmc

P6₃/mmc

P6₃/mmc

---

Space Group Name

Space Group Name

Space Group Name

Space Group Name

Space Group Name

---

194

194

194

194

194

---

Space Group Number

Space Group Number

Space Group Number

Space Group Number

Space Group Number

---

π/2, π/2 & 2π/3

π/2, π/2 & 2π/3

π/2, π/2 & 2π/3

π/2, π/2 & 2π/3

π/2, π/2 & 2π/3

---

Lattice Angles

Lattice Angles

Lattice Angles

Lattice Angles

Lattice Angles

---

338, 338 & 1102.5 pm

338, 338 & 1102.5 pm

338, 338 & 1102.5 pm

338, 338 & 1102.5 pm

338, 338 & 1102.5 pm

---

Lattice Constants

Lattice Constants

Lattice Constants

Lattice Constants

Lattice Constants

4

4

4

4

4

---

Valence

Valence

Valence

Valence

Valence

---

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

---

Electronegativity

Electronegativity

Electronegativity

Electronegativity

Electronegativity

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Electron Affinity

Electron Affinity

Electron Affinity

Electron Affinity

Electron Affinity

---

---

---

Ionisation Energy

Ionisation Energy

Ionisation Energy

Ionisation Energy

Ionisation Energy

---

---

---

901 years

901 years

901 years

901 years

901 years

---

Half Life

Half Life

Half Life

Half Life

Half Life

---

1,300 years

1,300 years

1,300 years

1,300 years

1,300 years

---

Lifetime

Lifetime

Lifetime

Lifetime

Lifetime

---

5f¹⁰ = 5, 3, -1, -1/2

5f¹⁰ = 5, 3, -1, -1/2

5f¹⁰ = 5, 3, -1, -1/2

5f¹⁰ = 5, 3, -1, -1/2

5f¹⁰ = 5, 3, -1, -1/2

---

Quantum Numbers

Quantum Numbers

Quantum Numbers

Quantum Numbers

Quantum Numbers

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Neutron Cross Section

Neutron Cross Section

Neutron Cross Section

Neutron Cross Section

Neutron Cross Section

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Neutron Mass Absorption

Neutron Mass Absorption

Neutron Mass Absorption

Neutron Mass Absorption

Neutron Mass Absorption

---

---

---

Stable Isotopes

Stable Isotopes

Stable Isotopes

Stable Isotopes

Stable Isotopes

---

NONE

NONE

NONE

NONE

NONE

---

---

---

Unstable Isotopes

Unstable Isotopes

Unstable Isotopes

Unstable Isotopes

Unstable Isotopes

---

---

---

---

Isotopes Overview

Isotopes Overview

Isotopes Overview

Isotopes Overview

Isotopes Overview

---

---

---