90 – Thorium, Th

PERIODIC TABLE

Spectrograph
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Elemental Tile
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Thorium
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Thorium is one of only three radioactive elements that occur naturally in large quantities as a primordial element (the other two being bismuth and uranium). As a metal and exposed to air, it is weakly radioactive. All its known isotopes are unstable, with the six naturally occurring ones (thorium-227, 228, 230, 231, 232, and 234) having half-lives between 25.52 hours and 14.05 billion years.

1829 by Jöns Berzelius, Sweden.

DISCOVERY

From the name Thor, the mythological Scandinavian god of war.

ETYMOLOGY

Thorium

Element

Th

Symbol

90 Atomic Number

Actinide

Classification

7440-29-1

CAS Number

Silver

Elemental Colour

-

Refractive Index

0.270 Poisson Ratio

19.706 cm³

Molar Volume

400.00M Pa, 3.947'7k Atm

3.947'7k Atm

Brinell Hardness

3.00 Mohs Hardness

350.00M Pa, 3.454'2k Atm

3.454'2k Atm

Vickers Hardness

2,490 m/s, Mach 7.259'5

2,490 m/s

Speed of Sound

54.00G Pa, 532.938'6k Atm

532.938'6k Atm

Bulk Modulus

31.00G Pa, 305.946'2k Atm

305.946'2k Atm

Shear Modulus

79.00G Pa, 779.669'4k Atm

779.669'4k Atm

Young Modulus

Allotropes

2,023.15 K, 1,750.00 °C

1,750.00 °C

Melting Point

5,093.15 K, 4,820.00 °C

4,820.00 °C

Boiling Point

403.15 K, 130.00 °C

130.00 °C

Automatic Ignition

-

Flashpoint

-

Critical Temperature

-

Critical Pressure

54.000'000 W/(m K)

Thermal Conductivity

0.000'011'0 K^-1

Thermal Expansion

118.00 J/(kg K)

Specific Heat

16.000 kJ/mol

Heat Fusion

530.000 kJ/mol

Heat Vaporisation

-

Heat Combustion

-

Curie Point

-

Neel Point

-

Adiabatic Index

Solid

Phase

Conductor

Electrical Type

6.70M S/m

Conductivity

150.00n Ω.m

Resistivity

1.380 K

Superconducting Point

-

Magnetic Type

0.000'000'005'3

Mass Susceptibility

0.000'000'001'230'00

Molar Susceptibility

0.000'062'100'00

Volume Susceptibility

Material Composition

0.000'000'04 %

Universe

0.000'003'9 %

Meteorites

0.000'000'094 %

Sun

0.000'6 %

Earth Crust

0.000'000'000'004 %

Oceans

-

Humans

231.035'595'0

Atomic Weight

180 pm

Atomic Radius

175 pm

Covalent Radius Single Bond

143 pm

Covalent Radius Double Bond

136 pm

Covalent Radius Triple Bond

237 pm

Van der Waals Radius

[Rn]7s²6d²

Electron Configuration

Cubic, Face-centred

Crystal Structure

11.724'00 g/cm³

Density as Solid

-

Density as Liquid

-

Density as Gas

Fm_3m

Space Group Name

225 Space Group Number

π/2, π/2 & π/2

Lattice Angles

508.42, 508.42 & 508.42 pm

Lattice Constants

1.41 x 10¹⁰ years

Half Life

2.03 x 10¹⁰ years

Lifetime

6d² = 6, 2, -1, +1/2

Quantum Numbers

13.360'00 b σ_s

Neutron Cross Section

7.370'00 b σ_a

Neutron Mass Absorption

Stable Isotopes

Unstable Isotopes

Isotopes Overview

Isotope	Stability	Symbol	Type	Protons		Neutrons		Spin	Parity	Mass		Abundance		Mass Measure	Mass Excess		Binding Energy		Dipole Moment		Quadrupole Moment		Halflife in Years		Halflife in Seconds		A01 Decay Probability		A01 Decay Mode	A01 Decay Energy		A01 Decay Daughter	A01 Decay Link	A02 Decay Mode	A02 Decay Energy		A02 Decay Daughter	A02 Decay Link	A03 Decay Probability		A03 Decay Mode	A03 Decay Energy		A03 Decay Daughter	A03 Decay Link	A04 Decay Probability		A04 Decay Mode	A04 Decay Energy		Y01 Decay Product Yield		Y01 Decay Product Nuclide	Y02 Decay Product Yield		Y02 Decay Product Nuclide	Y03 Decay Product Yield		Y03 Decay Product Nuclide	Y04 Decay Product Yield		Y04 Decay Product Nuclide	Y05 Decay Product Yield		Y05 Decay Product Nuclide	Y06 Decay Product Yield		Y06 Decay Product Nuclide	Y07 Decay Product Yield		Y07 Decay Product Nuclide
Isotope_090_th_209_u	Unstable	²⁰⁹Th	Fermion	90	p	119	n	5/2	-1	209.017'715'682'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	51.508'000'000'0	MeV	7.558'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.22E-10	year	7.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	α	8,238.000	keV	²⁰⁵Ra	²⁰⁹Th > [ ? % , α , 8,238.0 keV ] > ²⁰⁵Ra	β+	6,635.000	keV	²⁰⁹Ac	²⁰⁹Th > [ , β+ , 6,635.0 keV ] > ²⁰⁹Ac													?	%	²⁰⁵Tl	?	%	¹⁸⁹Os	?	%	²⁰¹Hg
Isotope_090_th_210_u	Unstable	²¹⁰Th	Boson	90	p	120	n	0	1	210.015'075'342'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	16.502'052'000'0	MeV	16.502'052'000'0	MeV	-		-		5.39E-10	year	17.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	99.000'000	%	α	8,052.600	keV	²⁰⁶Ra	²¹⁰Th > [ 99 % , α , 8,052.6 keV ] > ²⁰⁶Ra	β+	4,230.800	keV	²¹⁰Ac	²¹⁰Th > [ , β+ , 4,230.8 keV ] > ²¹⁰Ac													48.529'800	%	¹⁹⁴Pt	39.523'765	%	¹⁹⁸Hg	11.842'763	%	²⁰²Hg	?	%	¹⁹³Ir	?	%	¹⁹⁷Au
Isotope_090_th_211_u	Unstable	²¹¹Th	Fermion	90	p	121	n	5/2	-1	211.014'928'413'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	14.042'591'000'0	MeV	7.669'156'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.52E-9	year	48.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	99.500'000	%	α	7,942.900	keV	²⁰⁷Ra	²¹¹Th > [ 99.5 % , α , 7,942.9 keV ] > ²⁰⁷Ra	β+	5,679.000	keV	²¹¹Ac	²¹¹Th > [ , β+ , 5,679.0 keV ] > ²¹¹Ac													67.217'138	%	¹⁹⁹Hg	28.003'971	%	²⁰³Tl	4.432'725	%	¹⁹⁵Pt	0.222'043	%	²⁰⁶Pb	?	%	¹⁹⁰Os	?	%	¹⁷⁸Hf
Isotope_090_th_212_u	Unstable	²¹²Th	Boson	90	p	122	n	0	1	212.012'980'288'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	13.905'728'000'0	MeV	7.671'711'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.14E-9	year	36.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	α	7,952.300	keV	²⁰⁸Ra	²¹²Th > [ 100 % , α , 7,952.3 keV ] > ²⁰⁸Ra	β+	3,790.300	keV	²¹²Ac	²¹²Th > [ , β+ , 3,790.3 keV ] > ²¹²Ac													61.865'533	%	²⁰⁰Hg	0.000'005	%	²⁰⁸Pb	0.000'002	%	¹⁹²Pt	0.378'013	%	²⁰⁷Pb
Isotope_090_th_213_u	Unstable	²¹³Th	Fermion	90	p	123	n	5/2	-1	213.013'010'140'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	12.091'061'000'0	MeV	7.682'156'000'0	MeV	-		-		4.44E-9	year	140.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	α	7,839.000	keV	²⁰⁹Ra	²¹³Th > [ ? % , α , 7,839.0 keV ] > ²⁰⁹Ra	β+	4,971.700	keV	²¹³Ac	²¹³Th > [ , β+ , 4,971.7 keV ] > ²¹³Ac													?	%	²⁰⁵Tl	?	%	²⁰¹Hg	?	%	¹⁹⁷Au	0.000'000	%	¹⁸⁸Os	?	%	¹⁹⁶Pt	?	%	¹⁸⁰Hf	?	%	¹⁷⁶Hf
Isotope_090_th_214_u	Unstable	²¹⁴Th	Boson	90	p	124	n	0	1	214.011'499'770'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	12.118'868'000'0	MeV	7.683'852'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.17E-9	year	100.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	α	7,825.980	keV	²¹⁰Ra	²¹⁴Th > [ 100 % , α , 7,825.98 keV ] > ²¹⁰Ra	β+	3,260.800	keV	²¹⁴Ac	²¹⁴Th > [ , β+ , 3,260.8 keV ] > ²¹⁴Ac													60.912'859	%	²⁰²Hg	37.978'499	%	²⁰⁶Hg	1.751'918	%	¹⁹⁸Hg
Isotope_090_th_215_u	Unstable	²¹⁵Th	Fermion	90	p	125	n	1/2	-1	215.011'730'330'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	10.711'967'000'0	MeV	7.692'237'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.80E-8	year	1.200	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	α	7,665.350	keV	²¹¹Ra	²¹⁵Th > [ 100 % , α , 7,665.35 keV ] > ²¹¹Ra																		73.669'980	%	²⁰⁷Pb	26.345'277	%	²⁰³Tl	0.021'486	%	¹⁹⁹Hg
Isotope_090_th_216_u	Unstable	²¹⁶Th	Boson	90	p	126	n	0	1	216.011'062'115'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	10.926'733'000'0	MeV	7.693'001'000'0	MeV	-		-		8.49E-10	year	26.800	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	α	8,070.800	keV	²¹²Ra	²¹⁶Th > [ 100 % , α , 8,070.8 keV ] > ²¹²Ra	β+	1,159.400	keV	²¹⁶Ac	²¹⁶Th > [ , β+ , 1,159.4 keV ] > ²¹⁶Ac													0.347'820	%	²⁰⁰Hg	0.001'050	%	²⁰⁸Pb
Isotope_090_th_217_u	Unstable	²¹⁷Th	Fermion	90	p	127	n	9/2	1	217.013'114'328'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	10.304'294'000'0	MeV	7.697'634'000'0	MeV	-		-		7.61E-12	year	240.000	micro-seconds ( x⁻⁶ )	100.000'000	%	α	9,433.350	keV	²¹³Ra	²¹⁷Th > [ 100 % , α , 9,433.35 keV ] > ²¹³Ra																		80.305'652	%	²⁰⁵Tl	0.005'440	%	²⁰¹Hg
Isotope_090_th_218_u	Unstable	²¹⁸Th	Boson	90	p	128	n	0	1	218.013'284'499'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	12.215'918'000'0	MeV	7.690'547'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.45E-15	year	109.000	nano-seconds ( x⁻⁹ )	100.000'000	%	α	9,849.010	keV	²¹⁴Ra	²¹⁸Th > [ 100 % , α , 9,849.01 keV ] > ²¹⁴Ra																		90.827'103	%	²⁰⁶Pb	5.232'000	%	²⁰²Hg	0.052'320	%	¹⁹⁸Hg
Isotope_090_th_219_u	Unstable	²¹⁹Th	Fermion	90	p	129	n	9/2	1	219.015'536'895'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	12.374'432'000'0	MeV	7.691'567'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.33E-14	year	1.050	micro-seconds ( x⁻⁶ )	100.000'000	%	α	9,514.100	keV	²¹⁵Ra	²¹⁹Th > [ 100 % , α , 9,514.1 keV ] > ²¹⁵Ra	β+	1,880.800	keV	²¹⁹Ac	²¹⁹Th > [ , β+ , 1,880.8 keV ] > ²¹⁹Ac													100.000'000	%	²⁰⁷Pb	0.005'754	%	²⁰³Tl
Isotope_090_th_220_u	Unstable	²²⁰Th	Boson	90	p	130	n	0	1	220.015'747'762'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	14.472'525'000'0	MeV	7.683'720'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.07E-13	year	9.700	micro-seconds ( x⁻⁶ )	100.000'000	%	α	8,953.000	keV	²¹⁶Ra	²²⁰Th > [ 100 % , α , 8,953.0 keV ] > ²¹⁶Ra	ϵ	917.300	keV	²²⁰Ac	²²⁰Th > [ , ϵ , 917.3 keV ] > ²²⁰Ac													0.002'230	%	²⁰⁸Pb	?	%	²⁰⁰Hg
Isotope_090_th_221_u	Unstable	²²¹Th	Fermion	90	p	131	n	7/2	1	221.018'183'674'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	14.668'946'000'0	MeV	7.684'589'000'0	MeV	-		-		5.32E-11	year	1.680	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	α	8,625.720	keV	²¹⁷Ra	²²¹Th > [ 100 % , α , 8,625.72 keV ] > ²¹⁷Ra																		100.480'000	%	²⁰⁵Tl
Isotope_090_th_222_u	Unstable	²²²Th	Boson	90	p	132	n	0	1	222.018'468'121'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	16.937'984'000'0	MeV	7.676'072'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.50E-11	year	2.050	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	α	8,126.950	keV	²¹⁸Ra	²²²Th > [ 100 % , α , 8,126.95 keV ] > ²¹⁸Ra	ϵ	581.500	keV	²²⁰Ac	²²²Th > [ , ϵ , 581.5 keV ] > ²²⁰Ac													100.000'000	%	²⁰⁶Pb	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁸Pb
Isotope_090_th_223_u	Unstable	²²³Th	Fermion	90	p	133	n	5/2	1	223.020'811'448'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	17.202'945'000'0	MeV	7.676'659'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.90E-8	year	600.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	α	7,566.630	keV	²¹⁹Ra	²²³Th > [ 100 % , α , 7,566.63 keV ] > ²¹⁹Ra																		100.000'000	%	²⁰⁷Pb
Isotope_090_th_224_u	Unstable	²²⁴Th	Boson	90	p	134	n	0	1	224.021'466'895'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	19.385'739'000'0	MeV	7.668'640'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.33E-8	year	1.050	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	α	7,298.500	keV	²²⁰Ra	²²⁴Th > [ 100 % , α , 7,298.5 keV ] > ²²⁰Ra	2β+	-875.300	keV	²²⁴Ra	²²⁴Th > [ , 2β+ , -875.3 keV ] > ²²⁴Ra													100.000'000	%	²⁰⁸Pb	?	%	²⁰⁶Pb
Isotope_090_th_225_u	Unstable	²²⁵Th	Fermion	90	p	135	n	3/2	1	225.023'951'021'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	19.996'285'000'0	MeV	7.667'712'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.66E-5	year	523.020	seconds ( x⁰ )	90.000'000	%	α	6,921.400	keV	²²¹Ra	²²⁵Th > [ 90 % , α , 6,921.4 keV ] > ²²¹Ra	ϵ	672.010	keV	²²⁵Ac	²²⁵Th > [ , ϵ , 672.01 keV ] > ²²⁵Ac													100.001'280	%	²⁰⁵Tl	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁷Pb
Isotope_090_th_226_u	Unstable	²²⁶Th	Boson	90	p	136	n	0	1	226.024'903'069'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	22.310'233'000'0	MeV	7.659'222'000'0	MeV	-		-		5.81E-5	year	1.834	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	α	6,450.860	keV	²²²Ra	²²⁶Th > [ 100 % , α , 6,450.86 keV ] > ²²²Ra	¹⁸O	?	keV	²⁰⁸Pb	²²⁶Th > [ , ¹⁸O , ? keV ] > ²⁰⁸Pb													100.000'134	%	²⁰⁶Pb	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁸Pb
Isotope_090_th_227_u	Unstable	²²⁷Th	Fermion	90	p	137	n	1/2	1	227.027'704'070'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	23.197'060'000'0	MeV	7.657'121'000'0	MeV	-		-		5.11E-2	year	1.614	mega-seconds ( x⁶ )	100.000'000	%	α	6,146.600	keV	²²³Ra	²²⁷Th > [ 100 % , α , 6,146.6 keV ] > ²²³Ra																		100.276'231	%	²⁰⁷Pb	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁵Tl
Isotope_090_th_228_u	Unstable	²²⁸Th	Boson	90	p	138	n	0	1	228.028'741'127'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	25.806'176'000'0	MeV	7.647'452'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.91E+0	years	60.365	mega-seconds ( x⁶ )	100.000'000	%	α	5,520.080	keV	²²⁴Ra	²²⁸Th > [ 100 % , α , 5,520.08 keV ] > ²²⁴Ra	²⁰O	?	keV	²⁰⁸Pb	²²⁸Th > [ , ²⁰O , ? keV ] > ²⁰⁸Pb													100.004'000	%	²⁰⁸Pb	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁶Pb
Isotope_090_th_229_u	Unstable	²²⁹Th	Fermion	90	p	139	n	5/2	1	229.031'762'430'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	26.772'188'000'0	MeV	7.645'074'000'0	MeV	0.460'000'000'0	nm	-		7.36E+3	years	232.169	giga-seconds ( x⁹ )	100.000'000	%	α	5,167.570	keV	²²⁵Ra	²²⁹Th > [ 100 % , α , 5,167.57 keV ] > ²²⁵Ra																		100.012'800	%	²⁰⁵Tl	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁷Pb
Isotope_090_th_230_u	Unstable	²³⁰Th	Boson	90	p	140	n	0	1	230.033'133'843'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	29.586'514'000'0	MeV	7.634'646'000'0	MeV	-		4.300'000'000'0	b	7.54E+4	years	2.381	tera-seconds ( x¹² )	100.000'000	%	α	4,769.960	keV	²²⁶Ra	²³⁰Th > [ 100 % , α , 4,769.96 keV ] > ²²⁶Ra	²⁴Ne	?	keV	²⁰⁶Hg	²³⁰Th > [ , ²⁴Ne , ? keV ] > ²⁰⁶Hg	0.000'000	%	SF	?	keV	V	²³⁰Th > [ 0.00000000005 % , SF , ? keV ] > V						100.044'159	%	²⁰⁶Pb	0.000'002	%	²⁰⁵Tl	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁸Pb
Isotope_090_th_231_u	Unstable	²³¹Th	Fermion	90	p	141	n	5/2	1	231.036'304'343'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	30.863'976'000'0	MeV	7.630'990'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.91E-3	year	91.870	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	391.560	keV	²³¹Pa	²³¹Th > [ 100 % , β- , 391.56 keV ] > ²³¹Pa	α	4,213.380	keV	²²⁷Ra	²³¹Th > [ , α , 4,213.38 keV ] > ²²⁷Ra													100.276'314	%	²⁰⁷Pb	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁵Tl	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁸Pb
Isotope_090_th_232_s	Stable	²³²Th	Boson	90	p	142	n	0	1	232.038'055'325'0	u	100.000'000	%	232.038'055'325'0	33.817'278'000'0	MeV	7.620'112'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.41E+10	years	443.700	peta-seconds ( x¹⁵ )	100.000'000	%	α	4,081.600	keV	²²⁸Ra	²³²Th > [ 100 % , α , 4,081.6 keV ] > ²²⁸Ra	SF	?	keV	V	²³²Th > [ , SF , ? keV ] > V	0.000'000	%		?	keV	¹⁸²Yb	²³²Th > [ 0.000000000278 % , , ? keV ] > ¹⁸²Yb	?	%	2β-	837.570	keV	100.004'000	%	²⁰⁸Pb	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁶Pb	?	%	²⁰⁰Hg
Isotope_090_th_233_u	Unstable	²³³Th	Fermion	90	p	143	n	1/2	1	233.041'581'843'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	35.448'307'000'0	MeV	7.615'026'000'0	MeV	-		-		4.25E-5	year	1.340	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	1,243.140	keV	²³³Pa	²³³Th > [ 100 % , β- , 1,243.14 keV ] > ²³³Pa																		100.012'800	%	²⁰⁵Tl	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁷Pb
Isotope_090_th_234_u	Unstable	²³⁴Th	Boson	90	p	144	n	0	1	234.043'601'230'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	38.733'238'000'0	MeV	7.602'886'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.59E-2	year	2.080	mega-seconds ( x⁶ )	100.000'000	%	β-	273.090	keV	²³⁴Pa	²³⁴Th > [ 100 % , β- , 273.09 keV ] > ²³⁴Pa																		100.044'159	%	²⁰⁶Pb	0.000'002	%	²⁰⁵Tl	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁸Pb
Isotope_090_th_235_u	Unstable	²³⁵Th	Fermion	90	p	145	n	1/2	1	234.043'601'230'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	40.614'285'000'0	MeV	7.596'849'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.36E-5	year	430.020	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	1,924.900	keV	²³⁵Pa	²³⁵Th > [ 100 % , β- , 1,924.9 keV ] > ²³⁵Pa																		100.276'314	%	²⁰⁷Pb	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁵Tl	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁶Pb	?	%	¹⁸⁰Hf
Isotope_090_th_236_u	Unstable	²³⁶Th	Boson	90	p	146	n	0	1	236.049'870'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	44.255'350'000'0	MeV	7.583'374'000'0	MeV	-		-		7.13E-5	year	2.250	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	1,107.000	keV	²³⁶Pa	²³⁶Th > [ 100 % , β- , 1,107.0 keV ] > ²³⁶Pa																		100.004'000	%	²⁰⁸Pb	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁶Pb	?	%	²⁰⁰Hg	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁸Pb
Isotope_090_th_237_u	Unstable	²³⁷Th	Fermion	90	p	147	n	5/2	1	237.053'894'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	46.454'000'000'0	MeV	7.576'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		9.19E-6	year	289.980	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	2,560.000	keV	²³⁷Pa	²³⁷Th > [ 100 % , β- , 2,560.0 keV ] > ²³⁷Pa																		100.012'800	%	²⁰⁵Tl	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁷Pb
Isotope_090_th_238_u	Unstable	²³⁸Th	Boson	90	p	148	n	0	1	238.056'496'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	50.202'000'000'0	MeV	7.562'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.77E-5	year	559.980	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	1,856.000	keV	²³⁸Pa	²³⁸Th > [ 100 % , β- , 1,856.0 keV ] > ²³⁸Pa																		100.044'159	%	²⁰⁶Pb	0.000'002	%	²⁰⁵Tl	0.000'000	%	²⁰⁸Pb

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