39 – Yttrium, Y

PERIODIC TABLE

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Elemental Tile
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Yttrium Fluorite
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Yttrium is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and it has often been classified as a “rare earth element”. Yttrium is almost always found combined with the lanthanides in rare earth minerals and is never found in nature as a free element.

1794 by Johann Gadolin, Finland.

DISCOVERY

Named after the Village of 'Ytterby' near Vaxholm in Sweden.

ETYMOLOGY

Yttrium

Element

Y

Symbol

39 Atomic Number

Transition Metal

Classification

7440-65-5

CAS Number

Silver

Elemental Colour

-

Refractive Index

0.240 Poisson Ratio

19.881 cm³

Molar Volume

589.00M Pa, 5.813'0k Atm

5.813'0k Atm

Brinell Hardness

-

Mohs Hardness

-

Vickers Hardness

3,300 m/s, Mach 9.621'0

3,300 m/s

Speed of Sound

41.00G Pa, 404.638'5k Atm

404.638'5k Atm

Bulk Modulus

26.00G Pa, 256.600'0k Atm

256.600'0k Atm

Shear Modulus

64.00G Pa, 631.630'9k Atm

631.630'9k Atm

Young Modulus

Allotropes

1,799.15 K, 1,526.00 °C

1,526.00 °C

Melting Point

3,618.15 K, 3,345.00 °C

3,345.00 °C

Boiling Point

-

Automatic Ignition

-

Flashpoint

-

Critical Temperature

-

Critical Pressure

17.000'000 W/(m K)

Thermal Conductivity

0.000'010'6 K^-1

Thermal Expansion

298.00 J/(kg K)

Specific Heat

11.400 kJ/mol

Heat Fusion

380.000 kJ/mol

Heat Vaporisation

-

Heat Combustion

-

Curie Point

-

Neel Point

-

Adiabatic Index

Solid

Phase

Conductor

Electrical Type

1.80M S/m

Conductivity

560.00n Ω.m

Resistivity

1.300 K

Superconducting Point

-

Magnetic Type

0.000'000'066'6

Mass Susceptibility

0.000'000'005'921'00

Molar Susceptibility

0.000'297'800'00

Volume Susceptibility

Material Composition

0.000'000'7 %

Universe

0.000'19 %

Meteorites

0.000'001 %

Sun

0.002'9 %

Earth Crust

0.000'000'001'3 %

Oceans

-

Humans

88.905'848'3

Atomic Weight

212 pm

Atomic Radius

163 pm

Covalent Radius Single Bond

130 pm

Covalent Radius Double Bond

124 pm

Covalent Radius Triple Bond

219 pm

Van der Waals Radius

[Kr]5s²4d¹

Electron Configuration

Hexagonal, Close Packed Single

Crystal Structure

4.472'00 g/cm³

Density as Solid

4.240'00 g/cm³

Density as Liquid

-

Density as Gas

P6₃/mmc

Space Group Name

194 Space Group Number

π/2, π/2 & 2π/3

Lattice Angles

364.74, 364.74 & 573.06 pm

Lattice Constants

3 Valence

1.22 Electronegativity

29.62 kJ/mol

Electron Affinity

Ionisation Energy

Stable

Half Life

Stable

Lifetime

4d¹ = 4, 2, -2, +1/2

Quantum Numbers

7.700'00 b σ_s

Neutron Cross Section

1.280'00 b σ_a

Neutron Mass Absorption

Stable Isotopes

Unstable Isotopes

Isotopes Overview

Isotope	Stability	Symbol	Type	Protons		Neutrons		Spin	Parity	Mass		Abundance		Mass Measure	Mass Excess		Binding Energy		Dipole Moment		Quadrupole Moment		Halflife in Years		Halflife in Seconds		A01 Decay Probability		A01 Decay Mode	A01 Decay Energy		A01 Decay Daughter	A01 Decay Link	A02 Decay Mode	A02 Decay Energy		A02 Decay Daughter	A02 Decay Link	A03 Decay Probability		A03 Decay Mode	A03 Decay Energy		A03 Decay Daughter	A03 Decay Link	Y01 Decay Product Yield		Y01 Decay Product Nuclide	Y02 Decay Product Yield		Y02 Decay Product Nuclide	Y03 Decay Product Yield		Y03 Decay Product Nuclide	Y04 Decay Product Yield		Y04 Decay Product Nuclide
Isotope_039_y_76_u	Unstable	⁷⁶Y	Fermion	39	p	37	n	?	0	75.958'450'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-38.704'000'000'0	MeV	8.179'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.58E-14	year	500.000	nano-seconds ( x⁻⁹ )	?	%	β+	14,518.000	keV	⁷⁶Sr	⁷⁶Y > [ ? % , β+ , 14,518.0 keV ] > ⁷⁶Sr	p	629.000	keV	⁷⁵Sr	⁷⁶Y > [ , p , 629.0 keV ] > ⁷⁵Sr								?	%	⁷⁶Se	?	%	⁷²Ge	?	%	⁷⁵As	?	%	⁷⁴Ge
Isotope_039_y_77_u	Unstable	⁷⁷Y	Boson	39	p	38	n	5/2	1	76.949'645'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-46.905'000'000'0	MeV	8.284'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.00E-9	year	63.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	10.000'000	%	p	50.000	keV	⁷⁶Sr	⁷⁷Y > [ 10 % , p , 50.0 keV ] > ⁷⁶Sr	β+p	?	keV	⁷⁶Rb	⁷⁷Y > [ , β+p , ? keV ] > ⁷⁶Rb	?	%	β+	9,876.800	keV	⁷⁷Sr	⁷⁷Y > [ ? % , β+ , 9,876.8 keV ] > ⁷⁷Sr	10.000'000	%	⁷⁶Se	0.000'000	%	⁷²Ge	?	%	⁷⁷Se
Isotope_039_y_78_u	Unstable	⁷⁸Y	Fermion	39	p	39	n	0	1	77.943'610'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-52.527'000'000'0	MeV	8.354'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.71E-9	year	54.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	9,625.000	keV	⁷⁸Sr	⁷⁸Y > [ 100 % , β+ , 9,625.0 keV ] > ⁷⁸Sr	β+p	?	keV	⁷⁷Rb	⁷⁸Y > [ , β+p , ? keV ] > ⁷⁷Rb								?	%	⁷⁷Se	?	%	⁷⁸Se
Isotope_039_y_79_u	Unstable	⁷⁹Y	Boson	39	p	40	n	5/2	1	78.937'351'634'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-58.356'577'000'0	MeV	8.423'786'000'0	MeV	-		-		4.69E-7	year	14.800	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	6,098.000	keV	⁷⁹Sr	⁷⁹Y > [ 100 % , β+ , 6,098.0 keV ] > ⁷⁹Sr	β+p	?	keV	⁷⁸Rb	⁷⁹Y > [ , β+p , ? keV ] > ⁷⁸Rb								100.000'000	%	⁷⁸Br	?	%	⁷⁸Se
Isotope_039_y_80_u	Unstable	⁸⁰Y	Fermion	39	p	41	n	4	-1	79.934'280'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-61.217'786'000'0	MeV	8.455'145'000'0	MeV	-		-		9.54E-7	year	30.100	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	8,068.000	keV	⁸⁰Sr	⁸⁰Y > [ 100 % , β+ , 8,068.0 keV ] > ⁸⁰Sr													100.000'000	%	⁸⁰Kr
Isotope_039_y_81_u	Unstable	⁸¹Y	Boson	39	p	42	n	5/2	1	80.929'127'468'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-66.017'338'000'0	MeV	8.509'661'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.23E-6	year	70.380	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	4,488.200	keV	⁸¹Sr	⁸¹Y > [ 100 % , β+ , 4,488.2 keV ] > ⁸¹Sr													100.000'000	%	⁸¹Br
Isotope_039_y_82_u	Unstable	⁸²Y	Fermion	39	p	43	n	1	1	81.926'792'451'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-68.192'393'000'0	MeV	8.530'840'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.63E-7	year	8.300	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	6,794.000	keV	⁸²Sr	⁸²Y > [ 100 % , β+ , 6,794.0 keV ] > ⁸²Sr													100.000'000	%	⁸²Kr
Isotope_039_y_83_u	Unstable	⁸³Y	Boson	39	p	44	n	9/2	1	82.922'354'243'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-72.326'557'000'0	MeV	8.575'113'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.35E-5	year	424.980	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	3,446.000	keV	⁸³Sr	⁸³Y > [ 100 % , β+ , 3,446.0 keV ] > ⁸³Sr													100.000'000	%	⁸³Kr
Isotope_039_y_84_u	Unstable	⁸⁴Y	Fermion	39	p	45	n	1	1	83.920'388'264'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-74.157'855'000'0	MeV	8.590'916'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.46E-7	year	4.600	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	5,463.800	keV	⁸⁴Sr	⁸⁴Y > [ 100 % , β+ , 5,463.8 keV ] > ⁸⁴Sr													100.000'000	%	⁸⁴Kr
Isotope_039_y_85_u	Unstable	⁸⁵Y	Boson	39	p	46	n	1/2	-1	84.916'433'039'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-77.842'123'000'0	MeV	8.628'148'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.06E-4	year	9.650	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	2,238.200	keV	⁸⁵Sr	⁸⁵Y > [ 100 % , β+ , 2,238.2 keV ] > ⁸⁵Sr													100.000'000	%	⁸⁵Rb
Isotope_039_y_86_u	Unstable	⁸⁶Y	Fermion	39	p	47	n	4	-1	85.914'885'576'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-79.283'576'000'0	MeV	8.638'434'000'0	MeV	0.600'000'000'0	nm	-		1.68E-3	year	53.060	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	4,217.800	keV	⁸⁶Sr	⁸⁶Y > [ 100 % , β+ , 4,217.8 keV ] > ⁸⁶Sr													100.000'000	%	⁸⁶Sr
Isotope_039_y_87_u	Unstable	⁸⁷Y	Boson	39	p	48	n	1/2	-1	86.910'875'730'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-83.018'723'000'0	MeV	8.674'848'000'0	MeV	-		-		9.10E-3	year	287.021	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	839.490	keV	⁸⁷Sr	⁸⁷Y > [ 100 % , β+ , 839.49 keV ] > ⁸⁷Sr													100.000'000	%	⁸⁷Sr
Isotope_039_y_88_u	Unstable	⁸⁸Y	Fermion	39	p	49	n	4	-1	87.909'501'146'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-84.299'140'000'0	MeV	8.682'540'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.92E-1	year	9.215	mega-seconds ( x⁶ )	100.000'000	%	β+	2,600.400	keV	⁸⁸Sr	⁸⁸Y > [ 100 % , β+ , 2,600.4 keV ] > ⁸⁸Sr													100.000'000	%	⁸⁸Sr
Isotope_039_y_89_s	Stable	⁸⁹Y	Boson	39	p	50	n	1/2	-1	88.905'848'295'0	u	100.000'000	%	88.905'848'295'0	-87.701'749'000'0	MeV	8.713'904'000'0	MeV	-0.137'415'400'0	nm	-		-
Isotope_039_y_90_u	Unstable	⁹⁰Y	Fermion	39	p	51	n	2	-1	89.907'151'886'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-86.487'462'000'0	MeV	8.693'272'000'0	MeV	-1.630'000'000'0	nm	-0.155'000'000'0	b	7.28E-3	year	229.824	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	2,279.800	keV	⁹⁰Zr	⁹⁰Y > [ 100 % , β- , 2,279.8 keV ] > ⁹⁰Zr													100.000'000	%	⁹⁰Zr
Isotope_039_y_91_u	Unstable	⁹¹Y	Boson	39	p	52	n	1/2	-1	90.907'304'791'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-86.345'031'000'0	MeV	8.684'872'000'0	MeV	0.164'100'000'0	nm	-		1.60E-1	year	5.055	mega-seconds ( x⁶ )	100.000'000	%	β-	1,545.370	keV	⁹¹Zr	⁹¹Y > [ 100 % , β- , 1,545.37 keV ] > ⁹¹Zr													100.000'000	%	⁹¹Zr
Isotope_039_y_92_u	Unstable	⁹²Y	Fermion	39	p	53	n	2	-1	91.908'949'143'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-84.813'327'000'0	MeV	8.661'554'000'0	MeV	-		-		4.02E-4	year	12.701	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	3,640.550	keV	⁹²Zr	⁹²Y > [ 100 % , β- , 3,640.55 keV ] > ⁹²Zr													100.000'000	%	⁹²Zr
Isotope_039_y_93_u	Unstable	⁹³Y	Boson	39	p	54	n	1/2	-1	92.909'582'713'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-84.223'160'000'0	MeV	8.648'862'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.16E-3	year	36.650	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	2,893.900	keV	⁹³Zr	⁹³Y > [ 100 % , β- , 2,893.9 keV ] > ⁹³Zr													100.000'000	%	⁹³Nb
Isotope_039_y_94_u	Unstable	⁹⁴Y	Fermion	39	p	55	n	2	-1	93.911'595'245'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-82.348'499'000'0	MeV	8.622'774'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.55E-5	year	1.120	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	4,918.300	keV	⁹⁴Zr	⁹⁴Y > [ 100 % , β- , 4,918.3 keV ] > ⁹⁴Zr													100.000'000	%	⁹⁴Mo
Isotope_039_y_95_u	Unstable	⁹⁵Y	Boson	39	p	56	n	1/2	-1	94.912'820'621'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-81.207'068'000'0	MeV	8.604'954'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.96E-5	year	618.000	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	4,450.700	keV	⁹⁵Zr	⁹⁵Y > [ 100 % , β- , 4,450.7 keV ] > ⁹⁵Zr													100.000'000	%	⁹⁵Mo
Isotope_039_y_96_u	Unstable	⁹⁶Y	Fermion	39	p	57	n	0	-1	95.915'891'343'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-78.346'709'000'0	MeV	8.569'600'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.69E-7	year	5.340	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	7,096.100	keV	⁹⁶Zr	⁹⁶Y > [ 100 % , β- , 7,096.1 keV ] > ⁹⁶Zr													100.000'000	%	⁹⁶Mo
Isotope_039_y_97_u	Unstable	⁹⁷Y	Boson	39	p	58	n	1/2	-1	96.918'133'995'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-76.257'693'000'0	MeV	8.542'927'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.19E-7	year	3.750	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	6,689.000	keV	⁹⁷Zr	⁹⁷Y > [ 100 % , β- , 6,689.0 keV ] > ⁹⁷Zr	β-n	1,113.800	keV	⁹⁶Zr	⁹⁷Y > [ , β-n , 1,113.8 keV ] > ⁹⁶Zr								100.000'000	%	⁹⁷Mo	0.058'000	%	⁹⁶Mo
Isotope_039_y_98_u	Unstable	⁹⁸Y	Fermion	39	p	59	n	0	-1	97.922'203'020'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-72.467'420'000'0	MeV	8.499'439'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.74E-8	year	548.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	8,819.000	keV	⁹⁸Zr	⁹⁸Y > [ 100 % , β- , 8,819.0 keV ] > ⁹⁸Zr	β-n	2,407.900	keV	⁹⁷Zr	⁹⁸Y > [ , β-n , 2,407.9 keV ] > ⁹⁷Zr								0.331'000	%	⁹⁷Mo	?	%	⁹⁸Ru
Isotope_039_y_99_u	Unstable	⁹⁹Y	Boson	39	p	60	n	5/2	1	98.924'636'204'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-70.200'924'000'0	MeV	8.472'220'000'0	MeV	-		-		4.66E-8	year	1.470	seconds ( x⁰ )	98.000'000	%	β-	7,567.000	keV	⁹⁹Zr	⁹⁹Y > [ 98 % , β- , 7,567.0 keV ] > ⁹⁹Zr	β-n	3,014.700	keV	⁹⁸Zr	⁹⁹Y > [ , β-n , 3,014.7 keV ] > ⁹⁸Zr								98.000'000	%	⁹⁹Ru	?	%	⁹⁸Ru
Isotope_039_y_100_u	Unstable	¹⁰⁰Y	Fermion	39	p	61	n	?	0	99.927'756'586'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-67.294'307'000'0	MeV	8.439'145'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.33E-8	year	735.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	99.000'000	%	β-	9,310.000	keV	¹⁰⁰Zr	¹⁰⁰Y > [ 99 % , β- , 9,310.0 keV ] > ¹⁰⁰Zr	β-n	2,402.900	keV	⁹⁹Zr	¹⁰⁰Y > [ , β-n , 2,402.9 keV ] > ⁹⁹Zr								99.000'000	%	¹⁰⁰Ru	0.920'000	%	⁹⁹Ru
Isotope_039_y_101_u	Unstable	¹⁰¹Y	Boson	39	p	62	n	5/2	1	100.930'313'850'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-64.912'231'000'0	MeV	8.411'918'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.35E-8	year	426.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	98.000'000	%	β-	8,545.000	keV	¹⁰¹Zr	¹⁰¹Y > [ 98 % , β- , 8,545.0 keV ] > ¹⁰¹Zr	β-n	3,621.000	keV	¹⁰⁰Zr	¹⁰¹Y > [ , β-n , 3,621.0 keV ] > ¹⁰⁰Zr								98.000'000	%	¹⁰¹Ru	1.940'000	%	¹⁰⁰Ru
Isotope_039_y_102_u	Unstable	¹⁰²Y	Fermion	39	p	63	n	?	0	101.933'555'695'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-61.892'471'000'0	MeV	8.378'974'000'0	MeV	-		-		9.51E-9	year	300.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	95.000'000	%	β-	9,850.000	keV	¹⁰²Zr	¹⁰²Y > [ 95 % , β- , 9,850.0 keV ] > ¹⁰²Zr	β-n	3,493.400	keV	¹⁰¹Zr	¹⁰²Y > [ , β-n , 3,493.4 keV ] > ¹⁰¹Zr								95.000'000	%	¹⁰²Ru	4.900'000	%	¹⁰¹Ru
Isotope_039_y_103_u	Unstable	¹⁰³Y	Boson	39	p	64	n	5/2	1	102.936'730'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-58.936'000'000'0	MeV	8.347'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		7.10E-9	year	224.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	92.000'000	%	β-	9,436.000	keV	¹⁰³Zr	¹⁰³Y > [ 92 % , β- , 9,436.0 keV ] > ¹⁰³Zr	β-n	4,736.000	keV	¹⁰²Zr	¹⁰³Y > [ , β-n , 4,736.0 keV ] > ¹⁰²Zr								92.000'000	%	¹⁰³Ru	8.000'000	%	¹⁰²Ru
Isotope_039_y_104_u	Unstable	¹⁰⁴Y	Fermion	39	p	95	n	?	0	103.941'050'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-54.912'000'000'0	MeV	8.306'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		5.70E-9	year	180.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	11,429.000	keV	¹⁰⁴Zr	¹⁰⁴Y > [ 100 % , β- , 11,429.0 keV ] > ¹⁰⁴Zr	β-n	5,389.000	keV	¹⁰³Zr	¹⁰⁴Y > [ , β-n , 5,389.0 keV ] > ¹⁰³Zr								0.060'000	%	¹⁰³Rh	?	%	¹⁰⁴Pd
Isotope_039_y_105_u	Unstable	¹⁰⁵Y	Boson	39	p	96	n	5/2	1	104.944'870'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-51.353'000'000'0	MeV	8.270'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.90E-9	year	60.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	11,010.000	keV	¹⁰⁵Zr	¹⁰⁵Y > [ ? % , β- , 11,010.0 keV ] > ¹⁰⁵Zr													?	%	¹⁰³Rh	?	%	¹⁰⁵Pd	?	%	¹⁰⁴Pd
Isotope_039_y_106_u	Unstable	¹⁰⁶Y	Fermion	39	p	97	n	?	0	105.949'790'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-46.770'000'000'0	MeV	8.225'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.58E-9	year	50.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	12,929.000	keV	¹⁰⁶Zr	¹⁰⁶Y > [ ? % , β- , 12,929.0 keV ] > ¹⁰⁶Zr													?	%	¹⁰⁶Pd	?	%	¹⁰⁵Pd
Isotope_039_y_107_u	Unstable	¹⁰⁷Y	Boson	39	p	98	n	5/2	1	106.954'140'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-42.718'000'000'0	MeV	8.185'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		9.51E-10	year	30.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	12,473.000	keV	¹⁰⁷Zr	¹⁰⁷Y > [ ? % , β- , 12,473.0 keV ] > ¹⁰⁷Zr													?	%	¹⁰⁷Ag	?	%	¹⁰⁶Pd
Isotope_039_y_108_u	Unstable	¹⁰⁸Y	Fermion	39	p	69	n	?	0	107.959'480'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-37.744'000'000'0	MeV	8.138'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.34E-10	year	20.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	14,457.000	keV	¹⁰⁸Zr	¹⁰⁸Y > [ ? % , β- , 14,457.0 keV ] > ¹⁰⁸Zr	β-n	9,376.000	keV	¹⁰⁷Zr	¹⁰⁸Y > [ , β-n , 9,376.0 keV ] > ¹⁰⁷Zr								?	%	¹⁰⁷Ag	?	%	¹⁰⁸Pd	?	%	¹⁰⁶Pd

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