30 – Zinc, Zn

PERIODIC TABLE

Spectrograph
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Elemental Tile
SVG

Zinc within Hemimorphite
JPG

Zinc is chemically similar to magnesium with a similar size ion and common oxidation state is +2. With five stable isotopes, the most common zinc ore is sphalerite (zinc blende), a zinc sulfide mineral.

1746 by Andreas Marggraf, Germany.

DISCOVERY

German, Zink, related to Zinke ('point, prong'), from Middle High German zinke.

ETYMOLOGY

Zinc

Element

Zn

Symbol

30 Atomic Number

Transition Metal

Classification

7440-66-6

CAS Number

Grey

Elemental Colour

1.002'050

Refractive Index

0.250 Poisson Ratio

9.159 cm³

Molar Volume

412.00M Pa, 4.066'1k Atm

4.066'1k Atm

Brinell Hardness

2.50 Mohs Hardness

-

Vickers Hardness

3,700 m/s, Mach 10.787'2

3,700 m/s

Speed of Sound

70.00G Pa, 690.846'3k Atm

690.846'3k Atm

Bulk Modulus

43.00G Pa, 424.377'0k Atm

424.377'0k Atm

Shear Modulus

108.00G Pa, 1.065'9M Atm

1.065'9M Atm

Young Modulus

Allotropes

NONE

692.68 K, 419.53 °C

419.53 °C

Melting Point

1,180.15 K, 907.00 °C

907.00 °C

Boiling Point

733.15 K, 460.00 °C

460.00 °C

Automatic Ignition

-

Flashpoint

-

Critical Temperature

-

Critical Pressure

120.000'000 W/(m K)

Thermal Conductivity

0.000'030'2 K^-1

Thermal Expansion

388.00 J/(kg K)

Specific Heat

7.350 kJ/mol

Heat Fusion

119.000 kJ/mol

Heat Vaporisation

-

Heat Combustion

-

Curie Point

-

Neel Point

-

Adiabatic Index

Solid

Phase

Conductor

Electrical Type

17.00M S/m

Conductivity

59.00n Ω.m

Resistivity

0.850 K

Superconducting Point

Diamagnetic

Magnetic Type

-0.000'000'002'2

Mass Susceptibility

-0.000'000'000'145'00

Molar Susceptibility

-0.000'015'800'00

Volume Susceptibility

Material Composition

0.000'03 %

Universe

0.018 %

Meteorites

0.000'2 %

Sun

0.007'8 %

Earth Crust

0.000'000'4 %

Oceans

0.003'3 %

Humans

65.395'562'7

Atomic Weight

142 pm

Atomic Radius

118 pm

Covalent Radius Single Bond

120 pm

Covalent Radius Double Bond

-

Covalent Radius Triple Bond

139 pm

Van der Waals Radius

[Ar]4s²3d¹⁰

Electron Configuration

Hexagonal, Close Packed Single

Crystal Structure

7.140'00 g/cm³

Density as Solid

6.570'00 g/cm³

Density as Liquid

-

Density as Gas

P6₃/mmc

Space Group Name

194 Space Group Number

π/2, π/2 & 2π/3

Lattice Angles

266.49, 266.49 & 494.68 pm

Lattice Constants

2 Valence

1.65 Electronegativity

-57.89 kJ/mol

Electron Affinity

Ionisation Energy

Stable

Half Life

Stable

Lifetime

3d¹⁰ = 3, 2, +2, -1/2

Quantum Numbers

4.131'00 b σ_s

Neutron Cross Section

1.110'00 b σ_a

Neutron Mass Absorption

Stable Isotopes

Unstable Isotopes

Isotopes Overview

Isotope	Stability	Symbol	Type	Protons		Neutrons		Spin	Parity	Mass		Abundance		Mass Measure	Mass Excess		Binding Energy		Dipole Moment		Quadrupole Moment		Halflife in Years		Halflife in Seconds		A01 Decay Probability		A01 Decay Mode	A01 Decay Energy		A01 Decay Daughter	A01 Decay Link	A02 Decay Probability		A02 Decay Mode	A02 Decay Energy		A02 Decay Daughter	A02 Decay Link	Y01 Decay Product Yield		Y01 Decay Product Nuclide	Y02 Decay Product Yield		Y02 Decay Product Nuclide	Y03 Decay Product Yield		Y03 Decay Product Nuclide
Isotope_030_zn_54_u	Unstable	⁵⁴Zn	Boson	30	p	24	n	0	1	53.992'950'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-6.567'000'000'0	MeV	7.758'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		?				?	%	2p	1,509.000	keV	⁵²Ni	⁵⁴Zn > [ ? % , 2p , 1,509.0 keV ] > ⁵²Ni								?	%	⁵¹V	?	%	⁵²Cr
Isotope_030_zn_55_u	Unstable	⁵⁵Zn	Fermion	30	p	25	n	5/2	-1	54.983'980'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-14.923'000'000'0	MeV	7.916'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.34E-10	year	20.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β+	15,680.000	keV	⁵⁵Cu	⁵⁵Zn > [ ? % , β+ , 15,680.0 keV ] > ⁵⁵Cu								?	%	⁵⁵Mn	?	%	⁵⁴Cr
Isotope_030_zn_56_u	Unstable	⁵⁶Zn	Boson	30	p	26	n	0	1	55.972'380'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-25.728'000'000'0	MeV	8.112'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.14E-9	year	36.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β+	11,851.000	keV	⁵⁶Cu	⁵⁶Zn > [ ? % , β+ , 11,851.0 keV ] > ⁵⁶Cu	?	%	β+p	?	keV	⁵⁵Ni	⁵⁶Zn > [ ? % , β+p , ? keV ] > ⁵⁵Ni	?	%	⁵⁵Mn	?	%	⁵⁶Fe
Isotope_030_zn_57_u	Unstable	⁵⁷Zn	Fermion	30	p	27	n	7/2	-1	56.964'788'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-32.800'000'000'0	MeV	8.235'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.20E-9	year	38.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	65.000'000	%	β+p	?	keV	⁵⁶Ni	⁵⁷Zn > [ 65 % , β+p , ? keV ] > ⁵⁶Ni	35.000'000	%	β+	13,488.000	keV	⁵⁷Cu	⁵⁷Zn > [ 35 % , β+ , 13,488.0 keV ] > ⁵⁷Cu	65.000'000	%	⁵⁶Fe	35.000'000	%	⁵⁷Fe
Isotope_030_zn_58_u	Unstable	⁵⁸Zn	Boson	30	p	28	n	0	1	57.954'591'555'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-42.297'694'000'0	MeV	8.395'926'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.66E-9	year	84.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	97.000'000	%	β+	8,342.200	keV	⁵⁸Cu	⁵⁸Zn > [ 97 % , β+ , 8,342.2 keV ] > ⁵⁸Cu	3.000'000	%	β+p	?	keV	⁵⁷Ni	⁵⁸Zn > [ 3 % , β+p , ? keV ] > ⁵⁷Ni	3.000'000	%	⁵⁷Fe	?	%	⁵⁸Fe
Isotope_030_zn_59_u	Unstable	⁵⁹Zn	Fermion	30	p	29	n	3/2	-1	58.949'263'764'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-47.260'499'000'0	MeV	8.474'539'000'0	MeV	-		-		5.77E-9	year	182.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	8,074.500	keV	⁵⁹Cu	⁵⁹Zn > [ 100 % , β+ , 8,074.5 keV ] > ⁵⁹Cu	0.100'000	%	β+p	?	keV	⁵⁸Ni	⁵⁹Zn > [ 0.1 % , β+p , ? keV ] > ⁵⁸Ni	100.000'000	%	⁵⁹Co	?	%	⁵⁸Fe
Isotope_030_zn_60_u	Unstable	⁶⁰Zn	Boson	30	p	30	n	0	1	59.941'827'035'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-54.187'768'000'0	MeV	8.583'273'000'0	MeV	-		-		4.53E-6	year	142.980	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	3,134.100	keV	⁶⁰Cu	⁶⁰Zn > [ 100 % , β+ , 3,134.1 keV ] > ⁶⁰Cu								100.000'000	%	⁵⁰Ni
Isotope_030_zn_61_u	Unstable	⁶¹Zn	Fermion	30	p	31	n	3/2	-1	60.939'510'635'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-56.345'480'000'0	MeV	8.610'253'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.82E-6	year	89.100	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	4,616.000	keV	⁶¹Cu	⁶¹Zn > [ 100 % , β+ , 4,616.0 keV ] > ⁶¹Cu								100.000'000	%	⁶¹Ni
Isotope_030_zn_62_u	Unstable	⁶²Zn	Boson	30	p	32	n	0	1	61.934'329'764'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-61.171'431'000'0	MeV	8.679'398'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.05E-3	year	33.070	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	604.200	keV	⁶²Cu	⁶²Zn > [ 100 % , β+ , 604.2 keV ] > ⁶²Cu								100.000'000	%	⁶²Ni
Isotope_030_zn_63_u	Unstable	⁶³Zn	Fermion	30	p	33	n	3/2	-1	62.933'211'566'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-62.213'025'000'0	MeV	8.686'279'000'0	MeV	-0.281'640'000'0	nm	0.290'000'000'0	b	7.31E-5	year	2.308	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	2,344.310	keV	⁶³Cu	⁶³Zn > [ 100 % , β+ , 2,344.31 keV ] > ⁶³Cu								100.000'000	%	⁶³Cu
Isotope_030_zn_64_s	Stable	⁶⁴Zn	Boson	30	p	34	n	0	1	63.929'142'222'0	u	48.630'000	%	31.088'741'862'6	-66.003'595'000'0	MeV	8.735'898'000'0	MeV	-		-		-				100.000'000	%	2β+	-948.720	keV	⁶⁴Ni	⁶⁴Zn > [ 100 % , 2β+ , -948.72 keV ] > ⁶⁴Ni								?	%	⁶⁴Ni
Isotope_030_zn_65_u	Unstable	⁶⁵Zn	Fermion	30	p	35	n	5/2	-1	64.929'240'984'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-65.911'599'000'0	MeV	8.724'259'000'0	MeV	0.769'000'000'0	nm	-0.023'000'000'0	b	6.68E-1	year	21.087	mega-seconds ( x⁶ )	100.000'000	%	β+	329.863	keV	⁶⁵Cu	⁶⁵Zn > [ 100 % , β+ , 329.863 keV ] > ⁶⁵Cu								100.000'000	%	⁶⁵Cu
Isotope_030_zn_66_s	Stable	⁶⁶Zn	Boson	30	p	36	n	0	1	65.926'033'419'0	u	27.900'000	%	18.393'363'323'9	-68.899'427'000'0	MeV	8.759'636'000'0	MeV	-		-		-
Isotope_030_zn_67_s	Stable	⁶⁷Zn	Fermion	30	p	37	n	5/2	-1	66.927'127'345'0	u	4.100'000	%	2.744'012'221'1	-67.880'441'000'0	MeV	8.734'154'000'0	MeV	0.875'479'000'0	nm	0.150'000'000'0	b	-
Isotope_030_zn_68_s	Stable	⁶⁸Zn	Boson	30	p	38	n	0	1	67.924'844'154'0	u	18.750'000	%	12.735'908'278'9	-70.007'220'000'0	MeV	8.755'682'000'0	MeV	-		-		-
Isotope_030_zn_69_u	Unstable	⁶⁹Zn	Fermion	30	p	39	n	1/2	-1	68.926'550'281'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-68.417'973'000'0	MeV	8.722'731'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.07E-4	year	3.380	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	909.780	keV	⁶⁹Ga	⁶⁹Zn > [ 100 % , β- , 909.78 keV ] > ⁶⁹Ga								100.000'000	%	⁶⁹Ga
Isotope_030_zn_70_s	Stable	⁷⁰Zn	Boson	30	p	40	n	0	1	69.925'319'274'0	u	0.620'000	%	0.433'536'979'5	-69.564'648'000'0	MeV	8.729'806'000'0	MeV	-		-		-
Isotope_030_zn_71_u	Unstable	⁷¹Zn	Fermion	30	p	41	n	1/2	-1	70.927'721'599'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-67.326'897'000'0	MeV	8.689'014'000'0	MeV	-		-		4.66E-6	year	147.000	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	2,813.300	keV	⁷¹Ga	⁷¹Zn > [ 100 % , β- , 2,813.3 keV ] > ⁷¹Ga								100.000'000	%	⁷¹Ga
Isotope_030_zn_72_u	Unstable	⁷²Zn	Boson	30	p	42	n	0	1	71.926'857'951'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-68.131'380'000'0	MeV	8.691'609'000'0	MeV	-		-		5.29E-3	year	167.011	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	458.000	keV	⁷²Ga	⁷²Zn > [ 100 % , β- , 458.0 keV ] > ⁷²Ga								100.000'000	%	⁷²Ga
Isotope_030_zn_73_u	Unstable	⁷³Zn	Fermion	30	p	43	n	1/2	-1	72.929'779'104'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-65.410'343'000'0	MeV	8.645'837'000'0	MeV	-		-		7.45E-7	year	23.500	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	4,289.000	keV	⁷³Ga	⁷³Zn > [ 100 % , β- , 4,289.0 keV ] > ⁷³Ga								100.000'000	%	⁷³Ge
Isotope_030_zn_74_u	Unstable	⁷⁴Zn	Boson	30	p	44	n	0	1	73.929'458'609'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-65.708'883'000'0	MeV	8.642'107'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.03E-6	year	95.580	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	2,340.700	keV	⁷⁴Ga	⁷⁴Zn > [ 100 % , β- , 2,340.7 keV ] > ⁷⁴Ga								100.000'000	%	⁷⁴Ge
Isotope_030_zn_75_u	Unstable	⁷⁵Zn	Fermion	30	p	45	n	7/2	1	74.932'936'741'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-62.469'023'000'0	MeV	8.591'299'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.23E-7	year	10.200	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	5,995.600	keV	⁷⁵Ga	⁷⁵Zn > [ 100 % , β- , 5,995.6 keV ] > ⁷⁵Ga								100.000'000	%	⁷⁵As
Isotope_030_zn_76_u	Unstable	⁷⁶Zn	Boson	30	p	46	n	0	1	75.933'293'570'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-62.136'640'000'0	MeV	8.580'083'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.81E-7	year	5.700	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	4,160.000	keV	⁷⁶Ga	⁷⁶Zn > [ 100 % , β- , 4,160.0 keV ] > ⁷⁶Ga								100.000'000	%	⁷⁶Se
Isotope_030_zn_77_u	Unstable	⁷⁷Zn	Fermion	30	p	47	n	7/2	1	76.936'958'967'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-58.722'344'000'0	MeV	8.529'135'000'0	MeV	-		-		8.87E-8	year	2.800	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	7,270.000	keV	⁷⁷Ga	⁷⁷Zn > [ 100 % , β- , 7,270.0 keV ] > ⁷⁷Ga								100.000'000	%	⁷⁷Se
Isotope_030_zn_78_u	Unstable	⁷⁸Zn	Boson	30	p	48	n	0	1	77.938'440'216'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-57.342'570'000'0	MeV	8.505'576'000'0	MeV	-		-		4.66E-8	year	1.470	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	6,364.000	keV	⁷⁸Ga	⁷⁸Zn > [ 100 % , β- , 6,364.0 keV ] > ⁷⁸Ga								100.000'000	%	⁷⁸Se
Isotope_030_zn_79_u	Unstable	⁷⁹Zn	Fermion	30	p	49	n	9/2	1	78.942'652'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-53.420'000'000'0	MeV	8.450'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.15E-8	year	995.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	99.000'000	%	β-	9,090.000	keV	⁷⁹Ga	⁷⁹Zn > [ 99 % , β- , 9,090.0 keV ] > ⁷⁹Ga	1.300'000	%	β-n	2,216.000	keV	⁷⁸Ga	⁷⁹Zn > [ 1.3 % , β-n , 2,216.0 keV ] > ⁷⁸Ga	99.000'000	%	⁷⁸Br	1.388'110	%	⁷⁸Se
Isotope_030_zn_80_u	Unstable	⁸⁰Zn	Boson	30	p	50	n	0	1	79.944'342'348'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-51.844'769'000'0	MeV	8.425'997'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.73E-8	year	545.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	99.000'000	%	β-	7,290.000	keV	⁸⁰Ga	⁸⁰Zn > [ 99 % , β- , 7,290.0 keV ] > ⁸⁰Ga	1.000'000	%	β-n	2,593.000	keV	⁷⁹Ga	⁸⁰Zn > [ 1 % , β-n , 2,593.0 keV ] > ⁷⁹Ga	1.881'100	%	⁷⁹Br	0.000'890	%	⁷⁸Se	?	%	⁸⁰Kr
Isotope_030_zn_81_u	Unstable	⁸¹Zn	Fermion	30	p	51	n	5/2	1	80.950'480'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-46.128'000'000'0	MeV	8.351'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		9.19E-9	year	290.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	93.000'000	%	β-	11,856.000	keV	⁸¹Ga	⁸¹Zn > [ 93 % , β- , 11,856.0 keV ] > ⁸¹Ga	7.500'000	%	β-n	4,936.000	keV	⁸⁰Ga	⁸¹Zn > [ 7.5 % , β-n , 4,936.0 keV ] > ⁸⁰Ga	81.840'000	%	⁸¹Br	0.066'750	%	⁷⁹Br	?	%	⁸⁰Kr
Isotope_030_zn_82_u	Unstable	⁸²Zn	Boson	30	p	52	n	0	1	81.954'420'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-42.457'000'000'0	MeV	8.303'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.17E-9	year	100.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	10,647.000	keV	⁸²Ga	⁸²Zn > [ ? % , β- , 10,647.0 keV ] > ⁸²Ga								?	%	⁸²Kr	?	%	⁸¹Br
Isotope_030_zn_83_u	Unstable	⁸³Zn	Fermion	30	p	53	n	5/2	1	82.961'030'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-36.300'000'000'0	MeV	8.226'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.54E-9	year	80.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	13,087.000	keV	⁸³Ga	⁸³Zn > [ ? % , β- , 13,087.0 keV ] > ⁸³Ga								?	%	⁸³Kr	?	%	⁸²Kr

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