Iron has a lustrous silvery-grey appearance, but oxidises in normal air to give hydrated iron oxides, commonly known as rust. Unlike many other metals which form passivating oxide layers, iron oxides occupy more volume than the metal and thus flake off, exposing fresh surfaces for corrosion.

Iron has a lustrous silvery-grey appearance, but oxidises in normal air to give hydrated iron oxides, commonly known as rust. Unlike many other metals which form passivating oxide layers, iron oxides occupy more volume than the metal and thus flake off, exposing fresh surfaces for corrosion.

Iron has a lustrous silvery-grey appearance, but oxidises in normal air to give hydrated iron oxides, commonly known as rust. Unlike many other metals which form passivating oxide layers, iron oxides occupy more volume than the metal and thus flake off, exposing fresh surfaces for corrosion.

Iron has a lustrous silvery-grey appearance, but oxidises in normal air to give hydrated iron oxides, commonly known as rust. Unlike many other metals which form passivating oxide layers, iron oxides occupy more volume than the metal and thus flake off, exposing fresh surfaces for corrosion.

Iron has a lustrous silvery-grey appearance, but oxidises in normal air to give hydrated iron oxides, commonly known as rust. Unlike many other metals which form passivating oxide layers, iron oxides occupy more volume than the metal and thus flake off, exposing fresh surfaces for corrosion.

---

Circa 5,000 BCE.

Circa 5,000 BCE.

Circa 5,000 BCE.

Circa 5,000 BCE.

Circa 5,000 BCE.

DISCOVERY

DISCOVERY

DISCOVERY

DISCOVERY

DISCOVERY

---

Anglo-Saxon 'iron' or 'iren'. The symbol 'Fe', is from the Latin 'ferrum', meaning 'iron').

Anglo-Saxon 'iron' or 'iren'. The symbol 'Fe', is from the Latin 'ferrum', meaning 'iron').

Anglo-Saxon 'iron' or 'iren'. The symbol 'Fe', is from the Latin 'ferrum', meaning 'iron').

Anglo-Saxon 'iron' or 'iren'. The symbol 'Fe', is from the Latin 'ferrum', meaning 'iron').

Anglo-Saxon 'iron' or 'iren'. The symbol 'Fe', is from the Latin 'ferrum', meaning 'iron').

ETYMOLOGY

ETYMOLOGY

ETYMOLOGY

ETYMOLOGY

ETYMOLOGY

---

---

Iron

Iron

Iron

Iron

Iron

---

Element

Element

Element

Element

Element

---

Fe

Fe

Fe

Fe

Fe

---

Symbol

Symbol

Symbol

Symbol

Symbol

---

---

---

26

26

26

26

26

---

Atomic Number

Atomic Number

Atomic Number

Atomic Number

Atomic Number

---

Transition Metal

Transition Metal

Transition Metal

Transition Metal

Transition Metal

---

Classification

Classification

Classification

Classification

Classification

---

7439-89-6

7439-89-6

7439-89-6

7439-89-6

7439-89-6

---

CAS Number

CAS Number

CAS Number

CAS Number

CAS Number

---

Grey

Grey

Grey

Grey

Grey

---

Elemental Colour

Elemental Colour

Elemental Colour

Elemental Colour

Elemental Colour

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Refractive Index

Refractive Index

Refractive Index

Refractive Index

Refractive Index

---

0.290

0.290

0.290

0.290

0.290

---

Poisson Ratio

Poisson Ratio

Poisson Ratio

Poisson Ratio

Poisson Ratio

---

7.092 cm³

7.092 cm³

7.092 cm³

7.092 cm³

7.092 cm³

---

Molar Volume

Molar Volume

Molar Volume

Molar Volume

Molar Volume

---

490.00M Pa, 4.835'9k Atm

490.00M Pa, 4.835'9k Atm

490.00M Pa, 4.835'9k Atm

490.00M Pa, 4.835'9k Atm

4.835'9k Atm

---

Brinell Hardness

Brinell Hardness

Brinell Hardness

Brinell Hardness

Brinell Hardness

---

4.00

4.00

4.00

4.00

4.00

---

Mohs Hardness

Mohs Hardness

Mohs Hardness

Mohs Hardness

Mohs Hardness

---

608.00M Pa, 6.000'5k Atm

608.00M Pa, 6.000'5k Atm

608.00M Pa, 6.000'5k Atm

608.00M Pa, 6.000'5k Atm

6.000'5k Atm

---

Vickers Hardness

Vickers Hardness

Vickers Hardness

Vickers Hardness

Vickers Hardness

---

4,910 m/s, Mach 14.314'9

4,910 m/s, Mach 14.314'9

4,910 m/s, Mach 14.314'9

4,910 m/s, Mach 14.314'9

4,910 m/s

---

Speed of Sound

Speed of Sound

Speed of Sound

Speed of Sound

Speed of Sound

---

170.00G Pa, 1.677'8M Atm

170.00G Pa, 1.677'8M Atm

170.00G Pa, 1.677'8M Atm

170.00G Pa, 1.677'8M Atm

1.677'8M Atm

---

Bulk Modulus

Bulk Modulus

Bulk Modulus

Bulk Modulus

Bulk Modulus

---

82.00G Pa, 809.277'1k Atm

82.00G Pa, 809.277'1k Atm

82.00G Pa, 809.277'1k Atm

82.00G Pa, 809.277'1k Atm

809.277'1k Atm

---

Shear Modulus

Shear Modulus

Shear Modulus

Shear Modulus

Shear Modulus

---

211.00G Pa, 2.082'4M Atm

211.00G Pa, 2.082'4M Atm

211.00G Pa, 2.082'4M Atm

211.00G Pa, 2.082'4M Atm

2.082'4M Atm

---

Young Modulus

Young Modulus

Young Modulus

Young Modulus

Young Modulus

---

---

---

Allotropes

Allotropes

Allotropes

Allotropes

Allotropes

---

---

---

1,811.15 K, 1,538.00 °C

1,811.15 K, 1,538.00 °C

1,811.15 K, 1,538.00 °C

1,811.15 K, 1,538.00 °C

1,538.00 °C

---

Melting Point

Melting Point

Melting Point

Melting Point

Melting Point

---

3,134.15 K, 2,861.00 °C

3,134.15 K, 2,861.00 °C

3,134.15 K, 2,861.00 °C

3,134.15 K, 2,861.00 °C

2,861.00 °C

---

Boiling Point

Boiling Point

Boiling Point

Boiling Point

Boiling Point

---

373.15 K, 100.00 °C

373.15 K, 100.00 °C

373.15 K, 100.00 °C

373.15 K, 100.00 °C

100.00 °C

---

Automatic Ignition

Automatic Ignition

Automatic Ignition

Automatic Ignition

Automatic Ignition

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Flashpoint

Flashpoint

Flashpoint

Flashpoint

Flashpoint

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Critical Temperature

Critical Temperature

Critical Temperature

Critical Temperature

Critical Temperature

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Critical Pressure

Critical Pressure

Critical Pressure

Critical Pressure

Critical Pressure

---

80.000'000 W/(m K)

80.000'000 W/(m K)

80.000'000 W/(m K)

80.000'000 W/(m K)

80.000'000 W/(m K)

---

Thermal Conductivity

Thermal Conductivity

Thermal Conductivity

Thermal Conductivity

Thermal Conductivity

---

0.000'011'8 K^-1

0.000'011'8 K^-1

0.000'011'8 K^-1

0.000'011'8 K^-1

0.000'011'8 K^-1

---

Thermal Expansion

Thermal Expansion

Thermal Expansion

Thermal Expansion

Thermal Expansion

---

449.00 J/(kg K)

449.00 J/(kg K)

449.00 J/(kg K)

449.00 J/(kg K)

449.00 J/(kg K)

---

Specific Heat

Specific Heat

Specific Heat

Specific Heat

Specific Heat

---

13.800 kJ/mol

13.800 kJ/mol

13.800 kJ/mol

13.800 kJ/mol

13.800 kJ/mol

---

Heat Fusion

Heat Fusion

Heat Fusion

Heat Fusion

Heat Fusion

---

347.000 kJ/mol

347.000 kJ/mol

347.000 kJ/mol

347.000 kJ/mol

347.000 kJ/mol

---

Heat Vaporisation

Heat Vaporisation

Heat Vaporisation

Heat Vaporisation

Heat Vaporisation

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Heat Combustion

Heat Combustion

Heat Combustion

Heat Combustion

Heat Combustion

---

1,043.00 K, 769.85 °C

1,043.00 K, 769.85 °C

1,043.00 K, 769.85 °C

1,043.00 K, 769.85 °C

769.85 °C

---

Curie Point

Curie Point

Curie Point

Curie Point

Curie Point

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Neel Point

Neel Point

Neel Point

Neel Point

Neel Point

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Adiabatic Index

Adiabatic Index

Adiabatic Index

Adiabatic Index

Adiabatic Index

---

Solid

Solid

Solid

Solid

Solid

---

Phase

Phase

Phase

Phase

Phase

Conductor

Conductor

Conductor

Conductor

Conductor

---

Electrical Type

Electrical Type

Electrical Type

Electrical Type

Electrical Type

---

10.00M S/m

10.00M S/m

10.00M S/m

10.00M S/m

10.00M S/m

---

Conductivity

Conductivity

Conductivity

Conductivity

Conductivity

---

97.00n Ω.m

97.00n Ω.m

97.00n Ω.m

97.00n Ω.m

97.00n Ω.m

---

Resistivity

Resistivity

Resistivity

Resistivity

Resistivity

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Superconducting Point

Superconducting Point

Superconducting Point

Superconducting Point

Superconducting Point

---

Ferromagnetic

Ferromagnetic

Ferromagnetic

Ferromagnetic

Ferromagnetic

---

Magnetic Type

Magnetic Type

Magnetic Type

Magnetic Type

Magnetic Type

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Mass Susceptibility

Mass Susceptibility

Mass Susceptibility

Mass Susceptibility

Mass Susceptibility

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Molar Susceptibility

Molar Susceptibility

Molar Susceptibility

Molar Susceptibility

Molar Susceptibility

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Volume Susceptibility

Volume Susceptibility

Volume Susceptibility

Volume Susceptibility

Volume Susceptibility

Material Composition

Material Composition

Material Composition

Material Composition

Material Composition

---

0.11 %

0.11 %

0.11 %

0.11 %

0.11 %

---

Universe

Universe

Universe

Universe

Universe

---

22 %

22 %

22 %

22 %

22 %

---

Meteorites

Meteorites

Meteorites

Meteorites

Meteorites

---

0.1 %

0.1 %

0.1 %

0.1 %

0.1 %

---

Sun

Sun

Sun

Sun

Sun

---

6.3 %

6.3 %

6.3 %

6.3 %

6.3 %

---

Earth Crust

Earth Crust

Earth Crust

Earth Crust

Earth Crust

---

0.000'000'3 %

0.000'000'3 %

0.000'000'3 %

0.000'000'3 %

0.000'000'3 %

---

Oceans

Oceans

Oceans

Oceans

Oceans

---

0.006 %

0.006 %

0.006 %

0.006 %

0.006 %

---

Humans

Humans

Humans

Humans

Humans

55.845'145'6

55.845'145'6

55.845'145'6

55.845'145'6

55.845'145'6

---

Atomic Weight

Atomic Weight

Atomic Weight

Atomic Weight

Atomic Weight

---

156 pm

156 pm

156 pm

156 pm

156 pm

---

Atomic Radius

Atomic Radius

Atomic Radius

Atomic Radius

Atomic Radius

---

116 pm

116 pm

116 pm

116 pm

116 pm

---

Covalent Radius Single Bond

Covalent Radius Single Bond

Covalent Radius Single Bond

Covalent Radius Single Bond

Covalent Radius Single Bond

---

109 pm

109 pm

109 pm

109 pm

109 pm

---

Covalent Radius Double Bond

Covalent Radius Double Bond

Covalent Radius Double Bond

Covalent Radius Double Bond

Covalent Radius Double Bond

---

102 pm

102 pm

102 pm

102 pm

102 pm

---

Covalent Radius Triple Bond

Covalent Radius Triple Bond

Covalent Radius Triple Bond

Covalent Radius Triple Bond

Covalent Radius Triple Bond

---

194 pm

194 pm

194 pm

194 pm

194 pm

---

Van der Waals Radius

Van der Waals Radius

Van der Waals Radius

Van der Waals Radius

Van der Waals Radius

---

[Ar]4s²3d⁶

[Ar]4s²3d⁶

[Ar]4s²3d⁶

[Ar]4s²3d⁶

[Ar]4s²3d⁶

---

Electron Configuration

Electron Configuration

Electron Configuration

Electron Configuration

Electron Configuration

---

Cubic, Body-centred

Cubic, Body-centred

Cubic, Body-centred

Cubic, Body-centred

Cubic, Body-centred

---

Crystal Structure

Crystal Structure

Crystal Structure

Crystal Structure

Crystal Structure

---

7.874'00 g/cm³

7.874'00 g/cm³

7.874'00 g/cm³

7.874'00 g/cm³

7.874'00 g/cm³

---

Density as Solid

Density as Solid

Density as Solid

Density as Solid

Density as Solid

---

6.980'00 g/cm³

6.980'00 g/cm³

6.980'00 g/cm³

6.980'00 g/cm³

6.980'00 g/cm³

---

Density as Liquid

Density as Liquid

Density as Liquid

Density as Liquid

Density as Liquid

---

-

-

-

-

-

---

Density as Gas

Density as Gas

Density as Gas

Density as Gas

Density as Gas

---

lm_3m

lm_3m

lm_3m

lm_3m

lm_3m

---

Space Group Name

Space Group Name

Space Group Name

Space Group Name

Space Group Name

---

229

229

229

229

229

---

Space Group Number

Space Group Number

Space Group Number

Space Group Number

Space Group Number

---

π/2, π/2 & π/2

π/2, π/2 & π/2

π/2, π/2 & π/2

π/2, π/2 & π/2

π/2, π/2 & π/2

---

Lattice Angles

Lattice Angles

Lattice Angles

Lattice Angles

Lattice Angles

---

286.65, 286.65 & 286.65 pm

286.65, 286.65 & 286.65 pm

286.65, 286.65 & 286.65 pm

286.65, 286.65 & 286.65 pm

286.65, 286.65 & 286.65 pm

---

Lattice Constants

Lattice Constants

Lattice Constants

Lattice Constants

Lattice Constants

3

3

3

3

3

---

Valence

Valence

Valence

Valence

Valence

---

1.83

1.83

1.83

1.83

1.83

---

Electronegativity

Electronegativity

Electronegativity

Electronegativity

Electronegativity

---

14.57 kJ/mol

14.57 kJ/mol

14.57 kJ/mol

14.57 kJ/mol

14.57 kJ/mol

---

Electron Affinity

Electron Affinity

Electron Affinity

Electron Affinity

Electron Affinity

---

---

---

Ionisation Energy

Ionisation Energy

Ionisation Energy

Ionisation Energy

Ionisation Energy

---

---

---

Stable

Stable

Stable

Stable

Stable

---

Half Life

Half Life

Half Life

Half Life

Half Life

---

Stable

Stable

Stable

Stable

Stable

---

Lifetime

Lifetime

Lifetime

Lifetime

Lifetime

---

3d⁶ = 3, 2, -2, -1/2

3d⁶ = 3, 2, -2, -1/2

3d⁶ = 3, 2, -2, -1/2

3d⁶ = 3, 2, -2, -1/2

3d⁶ = 3, 2, -2, -1/2

---

Quantum Numbers

Quantum Numbers

Quantum Numbers

Quantum Numbers

Quantum Numbers

---

11.620'00 b σ_s

11.620'00 b σ_s

11.620'00 b σ_s

11.620'00 b σ_s

11.620'00 b σ_s

---

Neutron Cross Section

Neutron Cross Section

Neutron Cross Section

Neutron Cross Section

Neutron Cross Section

---

2.560'00 b σ_a

2.560'00 b σ_a

2.560'00 b σ_a

2.560'00 b σ_a

2.560'00 b σ_a

---

Neutron Mass Absorption

Neutron Mass Absorption

Neutron Mass Absorption

Neutron Mass Absorption

Neutron Mass Absorption

---

---

---

Stable Isotopes

Stable Isotopes

Stable Isotopes

Stable Isotopes

Stable Isotopes

---

---

---

---

Unstable Isotopes

Unstable Isotopes

Unstable Isotopes

Unstable Isotopes

Unstable Isotopes

---

---

---

---

Isotopes Overview

Isotopes Overview

Isotopes Overview

Isotopes Overview

Isotopes Overview

---

---

---