Manganese is not found as a free element in nature, it is found in combination with iron, and in many minerals and is has important industrial metal alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels.

1774 by Johann Gahn, Sweden.

DISCOVERY

Latin, magnesia ('magnesia'), Ancient Greek μαγνησία (magnēsía).

ETYMOLOGY

Manganese

Element

Mn

Symbol

25

25 Atomic Number

Atomic Number

Transition Metal

Classification

7439-96-5

CAS Number

Silver

Elemental Colour

-

Refractive Index

-

Poisson Ratio

7.354 cm³

Molar Volume

196.00M Pa, 1.934'4k Atm

1.934'4k Atm

Brinell Hardness

6.00

6.00 Mohs Hardness

Mohs Hardness

-

Vickers Hardness

5,150 m/s, Mach 15.014'6

5,150 m/s

Speed of Sound

120.00G Pa, 1.184'3M Atm

1.184'3M Atm

Bulk Modulus

-

Shear Modulus

198.00G Pa, 1.954'1M Atm

1.954'1M Atm

Young Modulus

Allotropes

1,519.15 K, 1,246.00 °C

1,246.00 °C

Melting Point

2,334.15 K, 2,061.00 °C

2,061.00 °C

Boiling Point

-

Automatic Ignition

-

Flashpoint

-

Critical Temperature

-

Critical Pressure

7.800'000 W/(m K)

Thermal Conductivity

0.000'021'7 K^-1

Thermal Expansion

479.00 J/(kg K)

Specific Heat

13.200 kJ/mol

Heat Fusion

220.000 kJ/mol

Heat Vaporisation

-

Heat Combustion

-

Curie Point

100.00 K, -173.15 °C

-173.15 °C

Neel Point

-

Adiabatic Index

Solid

Phase

Conductor

Electrical Type

620.00k S/m

Conductivity

1.60μ Ω.m

Resistivity

-

Superconducting Point

Paramagnetic

Magnetic Type

0.000'000'121'0

Mass Susceptibility

0.000'000'006'647'50

Molar Susceptibility

0.000'903'870'00

Volume Susceptibility

Material Composition

0.000'8 %

Universe

0.22 %

Meteorites

0.001 %

Sun

0.11 %

Earth Crust

0.000'000'2 %

Oceans

0.000'02 %

Humans

54.938'045'1

Atomic Weight

161 pm

Atomic Radius

119 pm

Covalent Radius Single Bond

105 pm

Covalent Radius Double Bond

103 pm

Covalent Radius Triple Bond

197 pm

Van der Waals Radius

[Ar]4s²3d⁵

Electron Configuration

Cubic, Body-centred

Crystal Structure

7.470'00 g/cm³

Density as Solid

5.950'00 g/cm³

Density as Liquid

-

Density as Gas

I_43m

Space Group Name

217

217 Space Group Number

Space Group Number

π/2, π/2 & π/2

Lattice Angles

891.25, 891.25 & 891.25 pm

Lattice Constants

4

4 Valence

Valence

1.55

1.55 Electronegativity

Electronegativity

-48.24 kJ/mol

Electron Affinity

Ionisation Energy

Stable

Half Life

Stable

Lifetime

3d⁵ = 3, 2, +2, +1/2

Quantum Numbers

2.150'00 b σ_s

Neutron Cross Section

13.300'00 b σ_a

Neutron Mass Absorption

Stable Isotopes

Unstable Isotopes

Isotopes Overview

Isotope	Stability	Symbol	Type	Protons		Neutrons		Spin	Parity	Mass		Abundance		Mass Measure	Mass Excess		Binding Energy		Dipole Moment		Quadrupole Moment		Halflife in Years		Halflife in Seconds		A01 Decay Probability		A01 Decay Mode	A01 Decay Energy		A01 Decay Daughter	A01 Decay Link	A02 Decay Probability		A02 Decay Mode	A02 Decay Energy		A02 Decay Daughter	A02 Decay Link	A03 Decay Probability		A03 Decay Mode	A03 Decay Energy		A03 Decay Daughter	A03 Decay Link	A04 Decay Probability		A04 Decay Mode	A04 Decay Daughter	A04 Decay Link	Y01 Decay Product Yield		Y01 Decay Product Nuclide	Y02 Decay Product Yield		Y02 Decay Product Nuclide	Y03 Decay Product Yield		Y03 Decay Product Nuclide	Y04 Decay Product Yield		Y04 Decay Product Nuclide
Isotope_025_mn_44_u	Unstable	⁴⁴Mn	Fermion	25	p	19	n	2	-1	44.006'870'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	6.399'000'000'0	MeV	7.481'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.33E-15	year	105.000	nano-seconds ( x⁻⁹ )	?	%	p	1,244.000	keV	⁴³Cr	⁴⁴Mn > [ ? % , p , 1,244.0 keV ] > ⁴³Cr																				?	%	⁴¹K	?	%	⁴³Ca	?	%	⁴²Ca	?	%	³⁸Ar
Isotope_025_mn_45_u	Unstable	⁴⁵Mn	Boson	25	p	20	n	7/2	-1	44.994'510'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-5.114'000'000'0	MeV	7.750'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.22E-15	year	70.000	nano-seconds ( x⁻⁹ )	?	%	p	1,058.000	keV	⁴⁴Cr	⁴⁵Mn > [ ? % , p , 1,058.0 keV ] > ⁴⁴Cr																				?	%	⁴⁴Ca	?	%	⁴³Ca	?	%	⁴⁰Ar
Isotope_025_mn_46_u	Unstable	⁴⁶Mn	Fermion	25	p	21	n	4	1	45.986'720'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-12.370'000'000'0	MeV	7.915'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.17E-9	year	37.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	60.000'000	%	β+	16,082.000	keV	⁴⁶Cr	⁴⁶Mn > [ 60 % , β+ , 16,082.0 keV ] > ⁴⁶Cr	22.000'000	%	β+p	?	keV	⁴⁵V	⁴⁶Mn > [ 22 % , β+p , ? keV ] > ⁴⁵V	18.000'000	%	β+2p	?	keV	⁴⁴Ti	⁴⁶Mn > [ 18 % , β+2p , ? keV ] > ⁴⁴Ti	?	%	β+α	⁴²Ti	⁴⁶Mn > [ ? % , β+α , 0.0 ] > ⁴²Ti	60.000'000	%	⁴⁶Ti	22.000'000	%	⁴⁵Sc	18.000'000	%	⁴⁴Ca	?	%	⁴²Ca
Isotope_025_mn_47_u	Unstable	⁴⁷Mn	Boson	25	p	22	n	5/2	-1	46.976'100'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-22.263'000'000'0	MeV	8.129'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.17E-9	year	100.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	97.000'000	%	β+	11,274.000	keV	⁴⁷Cr	⁴⁷Mn > [ 97 % , β+ , 11,274.0 keV ] > ⁴⁷Cr	3.400'000	%	β+p	?	keV	⁴⁶V	⁴⁷Mn > [ 3.4 % , β+p , ? keV ] > ⁴⁶V													97.000'000	%	⁴⁷Ti	3.400'000	%	⁴⁶Ti
Isotope_025_mn_48_u	Unstable	⁴⁸Mn	Fermion	25	p	23	n	4	1	47.968'520'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-29.323'431'000'0	MeV	8.274'750'000'0	MeV	-		-		5.01E-9	year	158.100	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	12,474.000	keV	⁴⁸Cr	⁴⁸Mn > [ 100 % , β+ , 12,474.0 keV ] > ⁴⁸Cr	0.280'000	%	β+p	?	keV	⁴⁷V	⁴⁸Mn > [ 0.28 % , β+p , ? keV ] > ⁴⁷V	0.000'600	%	β+α	?	keV	⁴⁴Ti	⁴⁸Mn > [ 0.0006 % , β+α , ? keV ] > ⁴⁴Ti						100.000'000	%	⁴⁸Ti	0.280'000	%	⁴⁷Ti	0.000'600	%	⁴⁴Ca
Isotope_025_mn_49_u	Unstable	⁴⁹Mn	Boson	25	p	24	n	5/2	-1	48.959'618'005'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-37.615'586'000'0	MeV	8.439'826'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.21E-8	year	382.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	6,692.700	keV	⁴⁹Cr	⁴⁹Mn > [ 100 % , β+ , 6,692.7 keV ] > ⁴⁹Cr																				100.000'000	%	⁴⁹Ti
Isotope_025_mn_50_u	Unstable	⁵⁰Mn	Fermion	25	p	25	n	0	1	49.954'238'230'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-42.626'814'000'0	MeV	8.532'680'000'0	MeV	-		-		9.00E-9	year	283.900	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	6,610.485	keV	⁵⁰Cr	⁵⁰Mn > [ 100 % , β+ , 6,610.485 keV ] > ⁵⁰Cr																				?	%	⁵⁰Ti
Isotope_025_mn_51_u	Unstable	⁵¹Mn	Boson	25	p	26	n	5/2	-1	50.948'210'787'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-48.241'341'000'0	MeV	8.633'723'000'0	MeV	3.568'300'000'0	nm	-		8.78E-5	year	2.770	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	2,185.266	keV	⁵¹Cr	⁵¹Mn > [ 100 % , β+ , 2,185.266 keV ] > ⁵¹Cr																				100.000'000	%	⁵¹V
Isotope_025_mn_52_u	Unstable	⁵²Mn	Fermion	25	p	27	n	6	1	51.945'565'464'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-50.705'444'000'0	MeV	8.670'294'000'0	MeV	3.062'200'000'0	nm	0.500'000'000'0	b	1.53E-2	year	483.097	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	3,689.290	keV	⁵²Cr	⁵²Mn > [ 100 % , β+ , 3,689.29 keV ] > ⁵²Cr																				100.000'000	%	⁵²Cr
Isotope_025_mn_53_u	Unstable	⁵³Mn	Boson	25	p	28	n	7/2	-1	52.941'290'117'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-54.687'904'000'0	MeV	8.734'133'000'0	MeV	5.024'000'000'0	nm	-		3.81E+6	years	120.234	tera-seconds ( x¹² )	100.000'000	%	ϵ	596.837	keV	⁵³Cr	⁵³Mn > [ 100 % , ϵ , 596.837 keV ] > ⁵³Cr																				100.000'000	%	⁵²Cr
Isotope_025_mn_54_u	Unstable	⁵⁴Mn	Fermion	25	p	29	n	3	1	53.940'358'854'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-55.555'370'000'0	MeV	8.737'923'000'0	MeV	3.281'900'000'0	nm	0.330'000'000'0	b	8.54E-1	year	26.959	mega-seconds ( x⁶ )	100.000'000	%	ϵ	1,377.180	keV	⁵⁴Cr	⁵⁴Mn > [ 100 % , ϵ , 1,377.18 keV ] > ⁵⁴Cr	0.000'290	%	β-	697.090	keV	⁵⁴Fe	⁵⁴Mn > [ 0.00029 % , β- , 697.09 keV ] > ⁵⁴Fe	0.000'000	%	e+	?	keV	⁵⁴Cr	⁵⁴Mn > [ 0.000000128 % , e+ , ? keV ] > ⁵⁴Cr						100.000'000	%	⁵⁴Cr
Isotope_025_mn_55_s	Stable	⁵⁵Mn	Boson	25	p	30	n	5/2	-1	54.938'045'141'0	u	100.000'000	%	54.938'045'141'0	-57.710'580'000'0	MeV	8.764'988'000'0	MeV	3.453'200'000'0	nm	0.330'000'000'0	b	-
Isotope_025_mn_56_u	Unstable	⁵⁶Mn	Fermion	25	p	31	n	3	1	55.938'904'910'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-56.909'710'000'0	MeV	8.738'300'000'0	MeV	3.226'600'000'0	nm	-		2.94E-4	year	9.284	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	3,695.642	keV	⁵⁶Fe	⁵⁶Mn > [ 100 % , β- , 3,695.642 keV ] > ⁵⁶Fe																				100.000'000	%	⁵⁶Fe
Isotope_025_mn_57_u	Unstable	⁵⁷Mn	Boson	25	p	32	n	5/2	-1	56.938'285'378'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-57.486'800'000'0	MeV	8.736'723'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.66E-6	year	84.000	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	2,693.330	keV	⁵⁷Fe	⁵⁷Mn > [ 100 % , β- , 2,693.33 keV ] > ⁵⁷Fe																				100.000'000	%	⁵⁶Fe
Isotope_025_mn_58_u	Unstable	⁵⁸Mn	Fermion	25	p	33	n	1	1	57.939'981'549'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-55.906'827'000'0	MeV	8.698'010'000'0	MeV	-		-		9.51E-8	year	3.000	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	6,246.600	keV	⁵⁸Fe	⁵⁸Mn > [ 100 % , β- , 6,246.6 keV ] > ⁵⁸Fe																				100.000'000	%	⁵⁸Fe
Isotope_025_mn_59_u	Unstable	⁵⁹Mn	Boson	25	p	34	n	5/2	-1	58.940'440'237'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-55.479'562'000'0	MeV	8.680'146'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.45E-7	year	4.590	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	5,183.600	keV	⁵⁹Fe	⁵⁹Mn > [ 100 % , β- , 5,183.6 keV ] > ⁵⁹Fe																				100.000'000	%	⁵⁹Co
Isotope_025_mn_60_u	Unstable	⁶⁰Mn	Fermion	25	p	35	n	0	1	59.942'911'246'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-53.177'832'000'0	MeV	8.631'637'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.62E-6	year	51.000	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	8,234.000	keV	⁶⁰Fe	⁶⁰Mn > [ 100 % , β- , 8,234.0 keV ] > ⁶⁰Fe																				100.000'000	%	⁶⁰Ni
Isotope_025_mn_61_u	Unstable	⁶¹Mn	Boson	25	p	36	n	5/2	-1	60.944'652'638'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-51.555'736'000'0	MeV	8.595'859'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.12E-8	year	670.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	7,366.000	keV	⁶¹Fe	⁶¹Mn > [ 100 % , β- , 7,366.0 keV ] > ⁶¹Fe	?	%	β-n	1,785.000	keV	⁶⁰Fe	⁶¹Mn > [ ? % , β-n , 1,785.0 keV ] > ⁶⁰Fe													100.000'000	%	⁶¹Ni	?	%	⁶⁰Ti
Isotope_025_mn_62_u	Unstable	⁶²Mn	Fermion	25	p	37	n	3	1	61.948'428'220'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-48.038'804'000'0	MeV	8.530'674'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.13E-8	year	671.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	10,862.000	keV	⁶²Fe	⁶²Mn > [ 100 % , β- , 10,862.0 keV ] > ⁶²Fe	?	%	β-n	2,811.000	keV	⁶¹Fe	⁶²Mn > [ ? % , β-n , 2,811.0 keV ] > ⁶¹Fe													100.000'000	%	⁶²Ni	?	%	⁶¹Ni
Isotope_025_mn_63_u	Unstable	⁶³Mn	Boson	25	p	38	n	5/2	-1	62.950'239'990'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-46.351'151'000'0	MeV	8.496'595'000'0	MeV	-		-		8.71E-9	year	275.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	9,195.000	keV	⁶³Fe	⁶³Mn > [ 100 % , β- , 9,195.0 keV ] > ⁶³Fe	?	%	β-n	4,478.000	keV	⁶²Fe	⁶³Mn > [ ? % , β-n , 4,478.0 keV ] > ⁶²Fe													100.000'000	%	⁶³Cu	?	%	⁶²Ni
Isotope_025_mn_64_u	Unstable	⁶⁴Mn	Fermion	25	p	39	n	1	1	63.954'249'090'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-42.616'698'000'0	MeV	8.431'599'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.79E-9	year	88.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	12,154.000	keV	⁶⁴Fe	⁶⁴Mn > [ 100 % , β- , 12,154.0 keV ] > ⁶⁴Fe	?	%	β-n	4,858.000	keV	⁶³Fe	⁶⁴Mn > [ ? % , β-n , 4,858.0 keV ] > ⁶³Fe													100.000'000	%	⁶³Ni	?	%	⁶³Cu
Isotope_025_mn_65_u	Unstable	⁶⁵Mn	Boson	25	p	40	n	5/2	-1	64.956'336'065'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-40.672'693'000'0	MeV	8.396'148'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.92E-9	year	92.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	10,205.000	keV	⁶⁵Fe	⁶⁵Mn > [ 100 % , β- , 10,205.0 keV ] > ⁶⁵Fe	?	%	β-n	6,027.000	keV	⁶⁴Fe	⁶⁵Mn > [ ? % , β-n , 6,027.0 keV ] > ⁶⁴Fe													100.000'000	%	⁶⁵Cu	?	%	⁶⁴Ni
Isotope_025_mn_66_u	Unstable	⁶⁶Mn	Fermion	25	p	41	n	?	0	65.961'080'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-36.254'000'000'0	MeV	8.324'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.04E-9	year	64.400	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	13,320.000	keV	⁶⁶Fe	⁶⁶Mn > [ 100 % , β- , 13,320.0 keV ] > ⁶⁶Fe	?	%	β-n	6,553.000	keV	⁶⁵Fe	⁶⁶Mn > [ ? % , β-n , 6,553.0 keV ] > ⁶⁵Fe													100.000'000	%	⁶⁶Zn	?	%	⁶⁵Cu
Isotope_025_mn_67_u	Unstable	⁶⁷Mn	Boson	25	p	42	n	5/2	-1	66.964'140'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-33.403'000'000'0	MeV	8.278'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.43E-9	year	45.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	12,289.000	keV	⁶⁷Fe	⁶⁷Mn > [ 100 % , β- , 12,289.0 keV ] > ⁶⁷Fe	?	%	β-n	8,099.000	keV	⁶⁶Fe	⁶⁷Mn > [ ? % , β-n , 8,099.0 keV ] > ⁶⁶Fe													100.000'000	%	⁶⁷Zn	?	%	⁶⁶Zn	?	%	⁶⁵Cu
Isotope_025_mn_68_u	Unstable	⁶⁸Mn	Fermion	25	p	43	n	?	0	67.969'300'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-28.597'000'000'0	MeV	8.204'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		8.87E-10	year	28.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	14,531.000	keV	⁶⁸Fe	⁶⁸Mn > [ 100 % , β- , 14,531.0 keV ] > ⁶⁸Fe	?	%	β-n	9,024.000	keV	⁶⁷Fe	⁶⁸Mn > [ ? % , β-n , 9,024.0 keV ] > ⁶⁷Fe													100.000'000	%	⁶⁸Zn	?	%	⁶⁷Zn	?	%	⁶⁶Zn
Isotope_025_mn_69_u	Unstable	⁶⁹Mn	Boson	25	p	44	n	5/2	-1	68.972'840'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-25.299'000'000'0	MeV	8.155'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		4.44E-10	year	14.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	76.000'000	%	β-	13,097.000	keV	⁶⁹Fe	⁶⁹Mn > [ 76 % , β- , 13,097.0 keV ] > ⁶⁹Fe	24.000'000	%	β-n	9,760.000	keV	⁶⁸Fe	⁶⁹Mn > [ 24 % , β-n , 9,760.0 keV ] > ⁶⁸Fe													69.973'200	%	⁶⁹Ga	30.026'800	%	⁶⁸Zn	?	%	⁶⁷Zn

25 – Manganese, Mn

25 – Manganese, Mn

25 – Manganese, Mn

25 – Manganese, Mn

25 – Manganese, Mn

Spectrograph

Elemental Tile

Manganese Ore

Spectrograph

Elemental Tile

Manganese Ore

Spectrograph

Elemental Tile

Manganese Ore

Spectrograph

Elemental Tile

Manganese Ore

Spectrograph

Elemental Tile

Manganese Ore