Vanadium is harder than most metals and steels, has good resistance to corrosion and it is stable against alkalis, sulfuric and hydrochloric acids. Oxidized in the air at about 933 K (660 °C, 1220 °F), yet an oxide layer forms even at room temperature.

1801 by Andres Manuel del Rio, Mexico and Nils Sefström, Sweden.

DISCOVERY

Scandinavian, Vanadis, is the goddess of beauty in Scandinavian mythology + -ium.

ETYMOLOGY

Vanadium

Element

V

Symbol

23

23 Atomic Number

Atomic Number

Transition Metal

Classification

7440-62-2

CAS Number

Silver

Elemental Colour

-

Refractive Index

0.370

0.370 Poisson Ratio

Poisson Ratio

8.337 cm³

Molar Volume

628.00M Pa, 6.197'9k Atm

6.197'9k Atm

Brinell Hardness

7.00

7.00 Mohs Hardness

Mohs Hardness

628.00M Pa, 6.197'9k Atm

6.197'9k Atm

Vickers Hardness

4,560 m/s, Mach 13.294'5

4,560 m/s

Speed of Sound

160.00G Pa, 1.579'1M Atm

1.579'1M Atm

Bulk Modulus

47.00G Pa, 463.853'9k Atm

463.853'9k Atm

Shear Modulus

128.00G Pa, 1.263'3M Atm

1.263'3M Atm

Young Modulus

Allotropes

NONE

2,183.15 K, 1,910.00 °C

1,910.00 °C

Melting Point

3,680.15 K, 3,407.00 °C

3,407.00 °C

Boiling Point

-

Automatic Ignition

-

Flashpoint

-

Critical Temperature

-

Critical Pressure

31.000'000 W/(m K)

Thermal Conductivity

0.000'008'4 K^-1

Thermal Expansion

489.00 J/(kg K)

Specific Heat

22.800 kJ/mol

Heat Fusion

453.000 kJ/mol

Heat Vaporisation

-

Heat Combustion

-

Curie Point

-

Neel Point

-

Adiabatic Index

Solid

Phase

Conductor

Electrical Type

5.00M S/m

Conductivity

200.00n Ω.m

Resistivity

5.400 K

Superconducting Point

-

Magnetic Type

0.000'000'062'8

Mass Susceptibility

0.000'000'003'199'00

Molar Susceptibility

0.000'383'700'00

Volume Susceptibility

Material Composition

0.000'1 %

Universe

0.006'1 %

Meteorites

0.000'04 %

Sun

0.019 %

Earth Crust

0.000'000'15 %

Oceans

0.000'003 %

Humans

50.941'467'5

Atomic Weight

171 pm

Atomic Radius

134 pm

Covalent Radius Single Bond

112 pm

Covalent Radius Double Bond

106 pm

Covalent Radius Triple Bond

179 pm

Van der Waals Radius

[Ar]4s²3d³

Electron Configuration

Cubic, Body-centred

Crystal Structure

6.110'00 g/cm³

Density as Solid

5.500'00 g/cm³

Density as Liquid

-

Density as Gas

lm_3m

Space Group Name

229

229 Space Group Number

Space Group Number

π/2, π/2 & π/2

Lattice Angles

303, 303 & 303 pm

Lattice Constants

5

5 Valence

Valence

1.63

1.63 Electronegativity

Electronegativity

50.66 kJ/mol

Electron Affinity

Ionisation Energy

Stable

Half Life

Stable

Lifetime

3d³ = 3, 2, 0, +1/2

Quantum Numbers

5.100'00 b σ_s

Neutron Cross Section

5.080'00 b σ_a

Neutron Mass Absorption

Stable Isotopes

Unstable Isotopes

Isotopes Overview

Isotope	Stability	Symbol	Type	Protons		Neutrons		Spin	Parity	Mass		Abundance		Mass Measure	Mass Excess		Binding Energy		Dipole Moment		Quadrupole Moment		Halflife in Years		Halflife in Seconds		A01 Decay Probability		A01 Decay Mode	A01 Decay Energy		A01 Decay Daughter	A01 Decay Link	A02 Decay Probability		A02 Decay Mode	A02 Decay Energy		A02 Decay Daughter	A02 Decay Link	Y01 Decay Product Yield		Y01 Decay Product Nuclide	Y02 Decay Product Yield		Y02 Decay Product Nuclide	Y03 Decay Product Yield		Y03 Decay Product Nuclide	Y04 Decay Product Yield		Y04 Decay Product Nuclide
Isotope_023_v_40_u	Unstable	⁴⁰V	Fermion	23	p	17	n	2	-1	40.011'090'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-10.330'000'000'0	MeV	7.363'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		?				?	%	p	1,542.000	keV	³⁹Ti	⁴⁰V > [ ? % , p , 1,542.0 keV ] > ³⁹Ti								?	%	³⁷Cl	?	%	³⁸Ar
Isotope_023_v_41_u	Unstable	⁴¹V	Boson	23	p	18	n	7/2	-1	40.999'780'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-0.205'000'000'0	MeV	7.637'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		?				?	%	p	1,356.000	keV	⁴⁰Ti	⁴¹V > [ ? % , p , 1,356.0 keV ] > ⁴⁰Ti								?	%	³⁹K
Isotope_023_v_42_u	Unstable	⁴²V	Fermion	23	p	19	n	2	-1	41.991'230'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-8.169'000'000'0	MeV	7.837'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.74E-15	year	55.000	nano-seconds ( x⁻⁹ )	?	%	p	242.000	keV	⁴¹Ti	⁴²V > [ ? % , p , 242.0 keV ] > ⁴¹Ti								?	%	⁴⁰Ar
Isotope_023_v_43_u	Unstable	⁴³V	Boson	23	p	20	n	7/2	-1	42.980'650'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-18.024'000'000'0	MeV	8.072'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.54E-9	year	80.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β+	10,275.000	keV	⁴³Ti	⁴³V > [ ? % , β+ , 10,275.0 keV ] > ⁴³Ti								?	%	⁴³Ca
Isotope_023_v_44_u	Unstable	⁴⁴V	Fermion	23	p	21	n	2	1	43.974'110'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-24.116'380'000'0	MeV	8.210'463'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.52E-9	year	111.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	12,410.000	keV	⁴⁴Ti	⁴⁴V > [ 100 % , β+ , 12,410.0 keV ] > ⁴⁴Ti	?	%	β+α	?	keV	⁴⁰Ca	⁴⁴V > [ ? % , β+α , ? keV ] > ⁴⁰Ca	100.000'000	%	⁴⁴Ca	?	%	⁴⁰Ar
Isotope_023_v_45_u	Unstable	⁴⁵V	Boson	23	p	22	n	7/2	-1	44.965'775'808'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-31.879'629'000'0	MeV	8.379'887'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.73E-8	year	547.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	6,103.900	keV	⁴⁵Ti	⁴⁵V > [ 100 % , β+ , 6,103.9 keV ] > ⁴⁵Ti								100.000'000	%	⁴⁵Sc
Isotope_023_v_46_u	Unstable	⁴⁶V	Fermion	23	p	23	n	0	1	45.960'200'481'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-37.073'013'000'0	MeV	8.486'079'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.34E-8	year	422.500	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	6,028.209	keV	⁴⁶Ti	⁴⁶V > [ 100 % , β+ , 6,028.209 keV ] > ⁴⁶Ti								100.000'000	%	⁴⁶Ti
Isotope_023_v_47_u	Unstable	⁴⁷V	Boson	23	p	24	n	3/2	-1	46.954'908'940'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-42.002'051'000'0	MeV	8.582'127'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.21E-5	year	1.960	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	1,908.143	keV	⁴⁷Ti	⁴⁷V > [ 100 % , β+ , 1,908.143 keV ] > ⁴⁷Ti								100.000'000	%	⁴⁷Ti
Isotope_023_v_48_u	Unstable	⁴⁸V	Fermion	23	p	25	n	4	1	47.952'253'707'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-44.475'385'000'0	MeV	8.623'013'000'0	MeV	2.012'000'000'0	nm	-		4.37E-2	year	1.380	mega-seconds ( x⁶ )	100.000'000	%	β+	2,990.140	keV	⁴⁸Ti	⁴⁸V > [ 100 % , β+ , 2,990.14 keV ] > ⁴⁸Ti								100.000'000	%	⁴⁸Ti
Isotope_023_v_49_u	Unstable	⁴⁹V	Boson	23	p	26	n	7/2	-1	48.948'516'101'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-47.956'943'000'0	MeV	8.682'806'000'0	MeV	4.470'000'000'0	nm	-		9.04E-1	year	28.519	mega-seconds ( x⁶ )	100.000'000	%	ϵ	601.856	keV	⁴⁹Ti	⁴⁹V > [ 100 % , ϵ , 601.856 keV ] > ⁴⁹Ti								100.000'000	%	⁴⁹Ti
Isotope_023_v_50_u	Unstable	⁵⁰V	Fermion	23	p	27	n	6	1	49.947'158'485'0	u	0.250'000	%	0.124'867'896'2	-49.221'554'000'0	MeV	8.695'869'000'0	MeV	3.345'688'900'0	nm	0.209'000'000'0	b	1.50E+17	years	4.734	yotta-seconds ( x²⁴ )	83.000'000	%	β+	1,182.918	keV	⁵⁰Ti	⁵⁰V > [ 83 % , β+ , 1,182.918 keV ] > ⁵⁰Ti	17.000'000	%	β-	1,037.945	keV	⁵⁰Cr	⁵⁰V > [ 17 % , β- , 1,037.945 keV ] > ⁵⁰Cr	83.000'000	%	⁵⁰Ti
Isotope_023_v_51_s	Stable	⁵¹V	Boson	23	p	28	n	7/2	-1	50.943'959'507'0	u	99.750'000	%	50.816'599'608'2	-52.201'383'000'0	MeV	8.742'051'000'0	MeV	5.148'705'730'0	nm	-0.052'000'000'0	b	-
Isotope_023_v_52_u	Unstable	⁵²V	Fermion	23	p	29	n	3	1	51.944'775'479'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-51.441'310'000'0	MeV	8.714'535'000'0	MeV	-		-		7.12E-6	year	224.598	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	3,975.620	keV	⁵²Cr	⁵²V > [ 100 % , β- , 3,975.62 keV ] > ⁵²Cr								100.000'000	%	⁵²Cr
Isotope_023_v_53_u	Unstable	⁵³V	Boson	23	p	30	n	7/2	-1	52.944'337'979'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-51.848'839'000'0	MeV	8.710'088'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.04E-6	year	96.000	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	3,435.900	keV	⁵³Cr	⁵³V > [ 100 % , β- , 3,435.9 keV ] > ⁵³Cr								100.000'000	%	⁵³Cr
Isotope_023_v_54_u	Unstable	⁵⁴V	Fermion	23	p	31	n	3	1	53.946'439'854'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-49.890'954'000'0	MeV	8.662'002'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.58E-6	year	49.800	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	7,041.600	keV	⁵⁴Cr	⁵⁴V > [ 100 % , β- , 7,041.6 keV ] > ⁵⁴Cr								100.000'000	%	⁵⁴Cr
Isotope_023_v_55_u	Unstable	⁵⁵V	Boson	23	p	32	n	7/2	-1	54.947'233'701'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-49.151'491'000'0	MeV	8.637'817'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.07E-7	year	6.540	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	5,956.000	keV	⁵⁵Cr	⁵⁵V > [ 100 % , β- , 5,956.0 keV ] > ⁵⁵Cr								100.000'000	%	⁵⁵Mn
Isotope_023_v_56_u	Unstable	⁵⁶V	Fermion	23	p	33	n	1	1	55.950'530'966'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-46.080'109'000'0	MeV	8.572'855'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.84E-9	year	216.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	9,201.000	keV	⁵⁶Cr	⁵⁶V > [ 100 % , β- , 9,201.0 keV ] > ⁵⁶Cr	?	%	β-n	956.000	keV	⁵⁵Cr	⁵⁶V > [ ? % , β-n , 956.0 keV ] > ⁵⁵Cr	100.000'000	%	⁵⁶Fe	?	%	⁵⁵Mn
Isotope_023_v_57_u	Unstable	⁵⁷V	Boson	23	p	34	n	3/2	1	56.952'561'432'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-44.188'742'000'0	MeV	8.530'874'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.11E-8	year	350.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	8,335.000	keV	⁵⁷Cr	⁵⁷V > [ 100 % , β- , 8,335.0 keV ] > ⁵⁷Cr	0.400'000	%	β-n	3,021.000	keV	⁵⁶Cr	⁵⁷V > [ 0.4 % , β-n , 3,021.0 keV ] > ⁵⁶Cr	100.000'000	%	⁵⁷Fe	0.400'000	%	⁵⁶Fe
Isotope_023_v_58_u	Unstable	⁵⁸V	Fermion	23	p	35	n	3	1	57.956'834'136'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-40.208'743'000'0	MeV	8.454'330'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.05E-9	year	191.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	11,626.000	keV	⁵⁸Cr	⁵⁸V > [ 100 % , β- , 11,626.0 keV ] > ⁵⁸Cr	?	%	β-n	4,244.000	keV	⁵⁷Cr	⁵⁸V > [ ? % , β-n , 4,244.0 keV ] > ⁵⁷Cr	100.000'000	%	⁵⁸Fe	?	%	⁵⁷Fe
Isotope_023_v_59_u	Unstable	⁵⁹V	Boson	23	p	36	n	7/2	-1	58.960'207'407'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-37.066'562'000'0	MeV	8.394'581'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.38E-9	year	75.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	11,825.000	keV	⁵⁹Cr	⁵⁹V > [ 100 % , β- , 11,825.0 keV ] > ⁵⁹Cr	?	%	β-n	6,697.000	keV	⁵⁸Cr	⁵⁹V > [ ? % , β-n , 6,697.0 keV ] > ⁵⁸Cr	100.000'000	%	⁵⁹Co	?	%	⁵⁸Fe
Isotope_023_v_60_u	Unstable	⁶⁰V	Fermion	23	p	37	n	3	1	59.965'026'862'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-32.577'268'000'0	MeV	8.314'372'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.87E-9	year	122.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	13,927.000	keV	⁶⁰Cr	⁶⁰V > [ 100 % , β- , 13,927.0 keV ] > ⁶⁰Cr	?	%	β-n	7,243.000	keV	⁵⁹Cr	⁶⁰V > [ ? % , β-n , 7,243.0 keV ] > ⁵⁹Cr	100.000'000	%	⁶⁰Ni	?	%	⁵⁹Co
Isotope_023_v_61_u	Unstable	⁶¹V	Boson	23	p	38	n	7/2	-1	60.968'480'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-29.361'000'000'0	MeV	8.258'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.49E-9	year	47.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	94.000'000	%	β-	12,820.000	keV	⁶¹Cr	⁶¹V > [ 94 % , β- , 12,820.0 keV ] > ⁶¹Cr	6.000'000	%	β-n	9,072.000	keV	⁶⁰Cr	⁶¹V > [ 6 % , β-n , 9,072.0 keV ] > ⁶⁰Cr	94.000'000	%	⁶¹Ni	6.000'000	%	⁶⁰Ni
Isotope_023_v_62_u	Unstable	⁶²V	Fermion	23	p	39	n	3	1	61.973'780'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-24.424'000'000'0	MeV	8.175'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.06E-9	year	33.500	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	15,991.000	keV	⁶²Cr	⁶²V > [ 100 % , β- , 15,991.0 keV ] > ⁶²Cr								100.000'000	%	⁶²Ni	?	%	⁶¹Ni	?	%	⁶⁰Ni
Isotope_023_v_63_u	Unstable	⁶³V	Boson	23	p	40	n	7/2	-1	62.977'550'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-20.912'000'000'0	MeV	8.118'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		5.39E-10	year	17.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	65.000'000	%	β-	14,615.000	keV	⁶³Cr	⁶³V > [ 65 % , β- , 14,615.0 keV ] > ⁶³Cr	35.000'000	%	β-n	11,431.000	keV	⁶²Cr	⁶³V > [ 35 % , β-n , 11,431.0 keV ] > ⁶²Cr	65.000'000	%	⁶³Cu	35.000'000	%	⁶²Ni	?	%	⁶¹Ni	?	%	⁶⁰Ni
Isotope_023_v_64_u	Unstable	⁶⁴V	Fermion	23	p	41	n	?	0	63.983'470'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-15.398'000'000'0	MeV	8.031'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.17E-10	year	10.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	17,754.000	keV	⁶⁴Cr	⁶⁴V > [ ? % , β- , 17,754.0 keV ] > ⁶⁴Cr								?	%	⁶⁴Ni	?	%	⁶³Cu
Isotope_023_v_65_u	Unstable	⁶⁵V	Boson	23	p	42	n	5/2	-1	64.987'920'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-11.252'000'000'0	MeV	7.968'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.17E-10	year	10.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	16,543.000	keV	⁶⁵Cr	⁶⁵V > [ ? % , β- , 16,543.0 keV ] > ⁶⁵Cr	?	%	β-n	13,282.000	keV	⁶⁴Cr	⁶⁵V > [ ? % , β-n , 13,282.0 keV ] > ⁶⁴Cr	?	%	⁶⁴Ni	?	%	⁶⁵Cu	?	%	⁶³Cu

23 – Vanadium, V

23 – Vanadium, V

23 – Vanadium, V

23 – Vanadium, V

23 – Vanadium, V

Spectrograph

Elemental Tile

Vanadium from Vanadinite

Spectrograph

Elemental Tile

Vanadium from Vanadinite

Spectrograph

Elemental Tile

Vanadium from Vanadinite

Spectrograph

Elemental Tile

Vanadium from Vanadinite

Spectrograph

Elemental Tile

Vanadium from Vanadinite