Aluminium, also known as aluminum, is extracted from bauxite, is non-magnetic and does not easily ignite. A fresh film of aluminium serves as a good reflector with 92 percent of visible light and an excellent reflector (as much as 98%) of medium and far infrared radiation.

1825 by Hans Christian Oersted, Denmark.

DISCOVERY

Latin, 'alumen' meaning 'alum'.

ETYMOLOGY

Aluminium

Element

Al

Symbol

13

13 Atomic Number

Atomic Number

Basic Metal

Classification

7429-90-5

CAS Number

Silver

Elemental Colour

-

Refractive Index

0.35

0.35 Poisson Ratio

Poisson Ratio

9.993 cm³

Molar Volume

245.00M Pa, 2.418'0k Atm

2.418'0k Atm

Brinell Hardness

2.75

2.75 Mohs Hardness

Mohs Hardness

167.00M Pa, 1.648'2k Atm

1.648'2k Atm

Vickers Hardness

5,100 m/s, Mach 14.868'8

5,100 m/s

Speed of Sound

76.00G Pa, 750.061'7k Atm

750.061'7k Atm

Bulk Modulus

26.00G Pa, 256.600'0k Atm

256.600'0k Atm

Shear Modulus

70.00G Pa, 690.846'3k Atm

690.846'3k Atm

Young Modulus

Allotropes

933.47 K, 660.32 °C

660.32 °C

Melting Point

2,792.15 K, 2,519.00 °C

2,519.00 °C

Boiling Point

673.15 K, 400.00 °C

400.00 °C

Automatic Ignition

918.15 K, 645.00 °C

645.00 °C

Flashpoint

-

Critical Temperature

-

Critical Pressure

235.000'000 W/(m K)

Thermal Conductivity

0.000’023’1 K^-1

Thermal Expansion

904 J/(kg K)

Specific Heat

10.7 kJ/mol

Heat Fusion

293 kJ/mol

Heat Vaporisation

-

Heat Combustion

-

Curie Point

-

Neel Point

-

Adiabatic Index

Solid

Phase

Conductor

Electrical Type

38.00M S/m

Conductivity

26.00n Ω.m

Resistivity

1.175 K

Superconducting Point

Paramagnetic

Magnetic Type

0.000'000'007'8

Mass Susceptibility

0.000'000'000'210'00

Molar Susceptibility

0.000'021'100'00

Volume Susceptibility

Material Composition

0.005 %

Universe

0.21 %

Meteorites

0.047 %

Sun

8.1 %

Earth Crust

0.000'000'5 %

Oceans

0.000'09 %

Humans

26.981'538'6

Atomic Weight

118 pm

Atomic Radius

126 pm

Covalent Radius Single Bond

113 pm

Covalent Radius Double Bond

111 pm

Covalent Radius Triple Bond

184 pm

Van der Waals Radius

[Ne]3s²3p¹

Electron Configuration

Cubic, Face-centred

Crystal Structure

2.700'00 g/cm³

Density as Solid

2.375'00 g/cm³

Density as Liquid

-

Density as Gas

Fm_3m

Space Group Name

225

225 Space Group Number

Space Group Number

π/2, π/2 & π/2

Lattice Angles

404.95, 404.95 & 404.95 pm

Lattice Constants

3

3 Valence

Valence

1.61

1.61 Electronegativity

Electronegativity

41.76 kJ/mol

Electron Affinity

Ionisation Energy

Stable

Half Life

Stable

Lifetime

3p¹ = 3, 1, -1, +1/2

Quantum Numbers

1.503'00 b σ_s

Neutron Cross Section

0.231'00 b σ_a

Neutron Mass Absorption

Stable Isotopes

Unstable Isotopes

Isotopes Overview

Isotope	Stability	Symbol	Type	Protons		Neutrons		Spin	Parity	Mass		Abundance		Mass Measure	Mass Excess		Binding Energy		Dipole Moment		Quadrupole Moment		Halflife in Years		Halflife in Seconds		A01 Decay Probability		A01 Decay Mode	A01 Decay Energy		A01 Decay Daughter	A01 Decay Link	A02 Decay Probability		A02 Decay Mode	A02 Decay Energy		A02 Decay Daughter	A02 Decay Link	A03 Decay Probability		A03 Decay Mode	A03 Decay Energy		A03 Decay Daughter	A03 Decay Link	A04 Decay Probability		A04 Decay Mode	A04 Decay Energy		A04 Decay Daughter	A04 Decay Link	Y01 Decay Product Yield		Y01 Decay Product Nuclide	Y02 Decay Product Yield		Y02 Decay Product Nuclide	Y03 Decay Product Yield		Y03 Decay Product Nuclide	Y04 Decay Product Yield		Y04 Decay Product Nuclide
Isotope_013_al_21_u	Unstable	²¹Al	Boson	13	p	8	n	1/2	1	21.028'040'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	26.119'000'000'0	MeV	6.343'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.11E-15	year	35.000	nano-seconds ( x⁻⁹ )	?	%	p	1,260.000	keV	²⁰Mg	²¹Al > [ ? % , p , 1,260.0 keV ] > ²⁰Mg																						?	%	¹⁶O	?	%	²⁰Ne	?	%	¹⁹F
Isotope_013_al_22_u	Unstable	²²Al	Fermion	13	p	9	n	3	1	22.019'520'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	18.183'000'000'0	MeV	6.783'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.87E-9	year	59.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	55.000'000	%	β+	17,557.800	keV	²²Mg	²²Al > [ 55 % , β+ , 17,557.8 keV ] > ²²Mg	44.000'000	%	β+p	?	keV	²¹Na	²²Al > [ 44 % , β+p , ? keV ] > ²¹Na	0.900'000	%	β+2p	?	keV	²⁰Ne	²²Al > [ 0.9 % , β+2p , ? keV ] > ²⁰Ne	0.003'100	%	β+α	?	keV	¹⁸Ne	²²Al > [ 0.0031 % , β+α , ? keV ] > ¹⁸Ne	55.000'000	%	²²Ne	44.000'000	%	²¹Ne	0.900'000	%	²⁰Ne	0.310'000	%	¹⁸O
Isotope_013_al_23_u	Unstable	²³Al	Boson	13	p	10	n	5/2	1	23.007'267'432'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	6.769'570'000'0	MeV	7.334'792'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.49E-8	year	470.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	92.000'000	%	β+	11,221.100	keV	²³Mg	²³Al > [ 92 % , β+ , 11,221.1 keV ] > ²³Mg	8.000'000	%	β+p	?	keV	²²Na	²³Al > [ 8 % , β+p , ? keV ] > ²²Na															92.000'000	%	²³Na	8.000'000	%	²²Ne
Isotope_013_al_24_u	Unstable	²⁴Al	Fermion	13	p	11	n	4	1	23.999'938'865'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-0.056'946'000'0	MeV	7.649'919'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.51E-8	year	2.053	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	12,854.420	keV	²⁴Mg	²⁴Al > [ 100 % , β+ , 12,854.42 keV ] > ²⁴Mg	0.035'000	%	β+α	?	keV	²⁰Na	²⁴Al > [ 0.035 % , β+α , ? keV ] > ²⁰Na	0.001'600	%	β+α	?	keV	?	²⁴Al > [ 0.0016 % , β+α , ? keV ] > ?								100.000'000	%	²⁴Mg	0.035'000	%	²⁰Ne	0.001'600	%	²³Na
Isotope_013_al_25_u	Unstable	²⁵Al	Boson	13	p	12	n	5/2	1	24.990'428'095'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-8.916'172'000'0	MeV	8.021'144'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.28E-7	year	7.183	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	3,254.454	keV	²⁵Mg	²⁵Al > [ 100 % , β+ , 3,254.454 keV ] > ²⁵Mg																						100.000'000	%	²⁵Mg
Isotope_013_al_26_u	Unstable	²⁶Al	fermion	13	p	13	n	5	1	25.986'891'692'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-12.210'309'000'0	MeV	8.149'771'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.27E-2	year	716.600	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	2,982.073	keV	²⁶Mg	²⁶Al > [ 100 % , β+ , 2,982.073 keV ] > ²⁶Mg																						100.000'000	%	²⁶Mg
Isotope_013_al_27_s	Stable	²⁷Al	Boson	13	p	14	n	5/2	1	26.981'538'627'0	u	100.000'000	%	26.981'538'627'0	-17.196'658'000'0	MeV	8.331'545'000'0	MeV	3.641'506'900'0	nm	0.150'000'000'0	b	-
Isotope_013_al_28_u	Unstable	²⁸Al	Fermion	13	p	15	n	3	1	27.981'910'306'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-16.850'441'000'0	MeV	8.309'886'000'0	MeV	3.242'000'000'0	nm	0.175'000'000'0	b	7.10E-8	year	2.241	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	4,642.356	keV	²⁸Si	²⁸Al > [ 100 % , β- , 4,642.356 keV ] > ²⁸Si																						100.000'000	%	²⁸Si
Isotope_013_al_29_u	Unstable	²⁹Al	Boson	13	p	16	n	5/2	1	28.980'445'046'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-18.215'322'000'0	MeV	8.348'725'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.08E-7	year	6.567	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	3,679.720	keV	²⁹Si	²⁹Al > [ 100 % , β- , 3,679.72 keV ] > ²⁹Si																						100.000'000	%	²⁹Si
Isotope_013_al_30_u	Unstable	³⁰Al	Fermion	13	p	17	n	3	1	29.982'960'256'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-15.872'419'000'0	MeV	8.261'381'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.14E-7	year	3.600	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	8,560.500	keV	³⁰Si	³⁰Al > [ 100 % , β- , 8,560.5 keV ] > ³⁰Si																						100.000'000	%	³⁰Si
Isotope_013_al_31_u	Unstable	³¹Al	Boson	13	p	18	n	?	1	30.983'946'619'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-14.953'628'000'0	MeV	8.225'611'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.04E-8	year	644.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	98.000'000	%	β-	7,995.400	keV	³¹Si	³¹Al > [ 98 % , β- , 7,995.4 keV ] > ³¹Si	1.600'000	%	β-n	1,408.000	keV	³⁰Si	³¹Al > [ 1.6 % , β-n , 1,408.0 keV ] > ³⁰Si															98.000'000	%	³¹P	1.600'000	%	³¹Si
Isotope_013_al_32_u	Unstable	³²Al	Fermion	13	p	19	n	1	1	31.988'124'489'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-11.061'966'000'0	MeV	8.099'175'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.00E-9	year	31.700	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	99.000'000	%	β-	13,018.900	keV	³²Si	³²Al > [ 99 % , β- , 13,018.9 keV ] > ³²Si	0.700'000	%	β-n	3,815.700	keV	³¹Si	³²Al > [ 0.7 % , β-n , 3,815.7 keV ] > ³¹Si															99.000'000	%	³²S	0.700'000	%	³¹P
Isotope_013_al_33_u	Unstable	³³Al	Boson	13	p	20	n	5/2	1	32.990'843'336'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-8.529'377'000'0	MeV	8.021'586'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.32E-9	year	41.700	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	92.000'000	%	β-	11,963.300	keV	³³Si	³³Al > [ 92 % , β- , 11,963.3 keV ] > ³³Si	8.500'000	%	β-n	7,480.200	keV	³²Si	³³Al > [ 8.5 % , β-n , 7,480.2 keV ] > ³²Si															92.000'000	%	³³S	8.500'000	%	³²S
Isotope_013_al_34_u	Unstable	³⁴Al	Fermion	13	p	21	n	4	1	33.996'851'837'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-2.932'495'000'0	MeV	7.858'434'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.78E-9	year	56.300	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	88.000'000	%	β-	17,024.000	keV	³⁴Si	³⁴Al > [ 88 % , β- , 17,024.0 keV ] > ³⁴Si	12.500'000	%	β-n	9,489.000	keV	³³Si	³⁴Al > [ 12.5 % , β-n , 9,489.0 keV ] > ³³Si															88.000'000	%	³⁴S	12.500'000	%	³³S
Isotope_013_al_35_u	Unstable	³⁵Al	Boson	13	p	22	n	5/2	1	34.999'860'235'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-0.130'190'000'0	MeV	7.784'451'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.22E-9	year	38.600	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	59.000'000	%	β-	14,230.000	keV	³⁵Si	³⁵Al > [ 59 % , β- , 14,230.0 keV ] > ³⁵Si	41.000'000	%	β-n	11,755.000	keV	³⁴Si	³⁵Al > [ 41 % , β-n , 11,755.0 keV ] > ³⁴Si															56.050'000	%	³⁵Cl	43.950'000	%	³⁴S
Isotope_013_al_36_u	Unstable	³⁶Al	Fermion	13	p	23	n	?	0	36.006'207'204'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	5.781'974'000'0	MeV	7.628'193'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.85E-9	year	90.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	70.000'000	%	β-	18,264.000	keV	³⁶Si	³⁶Al > [ 70 % , β- , 18,264.0 keV ] > ³⁶Si	30.000'000	%	β-n	12,071.000	keV	³⁵Si	³⁶Al > [ 30 % , β-n , 12,071.0 keV ] > ³⁵Si															61.600'000	%	³⁶S	36.900'000	%	³⁵Cl	1.500'000	%	³⁴S
Isotope_013_al_37_u	Unstable	³⁷Al	Boson	13	p	24	n	3/2	1	37.010'677'820'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	9.946'326'000'0	MeV	7.527'619'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.34E-10	year	20.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	16,526.000	keV	³⁷Si	³⁷Al > [ ? % , β- , 16,526.0 keV ] > ³⁷Si																						?	%	³⁷S	?	%	³⁷Cl
Isotope_013_al_38_u	Unstable	³⁸Al	Fermion	13	p	25	n	?	0	38.017'231'021'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	16.050'594'000'0	MeV	7.381'288'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.27E-9	year	40.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	20,118.000	keV	³⁸Si	³⁸Al > [ ? % , β- , 20,118.0 keV ] > ³⁸Si																						?	%	³⁷Cl	?	%	³⁸Ar
Isotope_013_al_39_u	Unstable	³⁹Al	Boson	13	p	26	n	3/2	1	39.022'970'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	21.396'417'000'0	MeV	7.261'909'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.17E-10	year	10.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	19,470.000	keV	³⁹Si	³⁹Al > [ ? % , β- , 19,470.0 keV ] > ³⁹Si																						?	%	³⁹K	?	%	³⁸Ar
Isotope_013_al_40_u	Unstable	⁴⁰Al	Fermion	13	p	27	n	?	0	40.031'450'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	29.295'000'000'0	MeV	7.085'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.17E-10	year	10.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	23,828.000	keV	⁴⁰Si	⁴⁰Si	?	%	β-n	19,296.000	keV	³⁹Si	⁴⁰Al > [ ? % , β-n , 19,296.0 keV ] > ³⁹Si															?	%	³⁹K	?	%	⁴⁰Ar	?	%	³⁸Ar
Isotope_013_al_41_u	Unstable	⁴¹Al	Boson	13	p	28	n	3/2	1	41.038'330'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	35.704'000'000'0	MeV	6.952'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.34E-11	year	2.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	22,140.000	keV	⁴¹Si	⁴¹Al > [ ? % , β- , 22,140.0 keV ] > ⁴¹Si																						?	%	⁴¹K	?	%	⁴⁰Ar
Isotope_013_al_42_u	Unstable	⁴²Al	Fermion	13	p	29	n	?	0	42.046'890'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	43.678'000'000'0	MeV	6.789'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.17E-11	year	1.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	25,240.000	keV	⁴²Si	⁴²Al > [ ? % , β- , 25,240.0 keV ] > ⁴²Si	?	%	β-n	22,040.000	keV	⁴¹Si	⁴²Al > [ ? % , β-n , 22,040.0 keV ] > ⁴¹Si															?	%	⁴¹K	?	%	⁴²Ca	?	%	⁴⁰Ar

13 – Aluminium, Al

13 – Aluminium, Al

13 – Aluminium, Al

13 – Aluminium, Al

13 – Aluminium, Al

Spectrograph

Elemental Tile

Aluminium from Bauxite

Spectrograph

Elemental Tile

Aluminium from Bauxite

Spectrograph

Elemental Tile

Aluminium from Bauxite

Spectrograph

Elemental Tile

Aluminium from Bauxite

Spectrograph

Elemental Tile

Aluminium from Bauxite