Sodium is a soft, waxy, silvery reactive metal that is never found unbound in nature and is an essential element for all animals and some plants. Sodium can be readily cut with a knife and is a good conductor of electricity and heat.

1807 by Sir Humphrey Davy, England.

DISCOVERY

English, 'soda', symbol Na from the Latin 'natrium')

ETYMOLOGY

Sodium

Element

Na

Symbol

11

11 Atomic Number

Atomic Number

Alkali Metal

Classification

7440-23-5

CAS Number

Silver

Elemental Colour

-

Refractive Index

-

Poisson Ratio

23.750 cm³

Molar Volume

690.00k Pa, 6.809'8 Atm

6.809'8 Atm

Brinell Hardness

0.50

0.50 Mohs Hardness

Mohs Hardness

-

Vickers Hardness

3,200 m/s, Mach 9.329'4

3,200 m/s

Speed of Sound

6.30G Pa, 62.176'2k Atm

62.176'2k Atm

Bulk Modulus

3.30G Pa, 32.568'5k Atm

32.568'5k Atm

Shear Modulus

10.00G Pa, 98.692'3k Atm

98.692'3k Atm

Young Modulus

Allotropes

370.87 K, 97.72 °C

97.72 °C

Melting Point

1,156.15 K, 883.00 °C

883.00 °C

Boiling Point

388.15 K, 115.00 °C

115.00 °C

Automatic Ignition

277.15 K, 4.00 °C

4.00 °C

Flashpoint

2,573.00 K, 2,299.85 °C

2,299.85 °C

Critical Temperature

35.00M Pa, 345 Atm

345 Atm

Critical Pressure

140.000'000 W/(m K)

Thermal Conductivity

0.000’071'0 K^-1

Thermal Expansion

1,230 J/(kg K)

Specific Heat

2.6 kJ/mol

Heat Fusion

99.7 kJ/mol

Heat Vaporisation

-

Heat Combustion

-

Curie Point

-

Neel Point

-

Adiabatic Index

Solid

Phase

Conductor

Electrical Type

21.00M S/m

Conductivity

47.00n Ω.m

Resistivity

-

Superconducting Point

Paramagnetic

Magnetic Type

0.000'000'006'4

Mass Susceptibility

0.000'000'000'147'00

Molar Susceptibility

0.000'006'200'00

Volume Susceptibility

Material Composition

0.002 %

Universe

0.45 %

Meteorites

0.034 %

Sun

2.3 %

Earth Crust

1.1 %

Oceans

0.14 %

Humans

22.989'769'3

Atomic Weight

190 pm

Atomic Radius

155 pm

Covalent Radius Single Bond

160 pm

Covalent Radius Double Bond

-

Covalent Radius Triple Bond

227 pm

Van der Waals Radius

[Ne]3s¹

Electron Configuration

Cubic, Body-centred

Crystal Structure

0.968'00 g/cm³

Density as Solid

0.927'00 g/cm³

Density as Liquid

-

Density as Gas

lm_3m

Space Group Name

229

229 Space Group Number

Space Group Number

π/2, π/2 & π/2

Lattice Angles

429.06, 429.06 & 429.06 pm

Lattice Constants

1

1 Valence

Valence

0.93

0.93 Electronegativity

Electronegativity

52.87 kJ/mol

Electron Affinity

Ionisation Energy

Stable

Half Life

Stable

Lifetime

3s¹ = 3, 0, 0, +1/2

Quantum Numbers

3.280'00 b σ_s

Neutron Cross Section

0.530'00 b σ_a

Neutron Mass Absorption

Stable Isotopes

Unstable Isotopes

Isotopes Overview

Isotope	Stability	Symbol	Type	Protons	Proton Ext	Neutrons	Neutrons Ext	Spin	Parity	Mass	Mass Ext	Abundance	Abundance Ext	Mass Measure	Mass Excess	Mass Excess Ext	Binding Energy	Binding Energy Ext	Dipole Moment	Dipole Moment Ext	Quadrupole Moment	Quadrupole Moment Ext	Halflife in Years	Halflife in Years Ext	Halflife in Seconds	Halflife in Seconds Ext	A01 Decay Probability	A01 Decay Probability Ext	A01 Decay Mode	A01 Decay Energy	A01 Decay Energy Ext	A01 Decay Daughter	A01 Decay Link	A02 Decay Probability	A02 Decay Probability Ext	A02 Decay Mode	A02 Decay Energy	A02 Decay Energy Ext	A02 Decay Daughter	A02 Decay Link	A03 Decay Probability	A03 Decay Probability Ext	A03 Decay Mode	A03 Decay Energy	A03 Decay Energy Ext	A03 Decay Daughter	A03 Decay Link	A04 Decay Probability	A04 Decay Probability Ext	A04 Decay Mode	A04 Decay Energy	A04 Decay Energy Ext	A04 Decay Daughter	A04 Decay Link	Y01 Decay Product Yield	Y01 Decay Product Yield Ext	Y01 Decay Product Nuclide	Y02 Decay Product Yield	Y02 Decay Product Yield Ext	Y02 Decay Product Nuclide	Y03 Decay Product Yield	Y03 Decay Product Yield Ext	Y03 Decay Product Nuclide	Y04 Decay Product Yield	Y04 Decay Product Yield Ext	Y04 Decay Product Nuclide	Y05 Decay Product Yield	Y05 Decay Product Yield Ext	Y05 Decay Product Nuclide
Isotope_011_na_18_u	Unstable	¹⁸Na	fermion	11	p	7	n	1	-1	18.025'969'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	24.189'968'000'0	MeV	6.249'329'000'0	MeV	-		-		4.12E-29	year	1.300	zepto-seconds ( x⁻²¹ )	?	%	p	440.100	keV	¹⁷Ne	¹⁸Na > [ ? % , p , 440.1 keV ] > ¹⁷Ne	?	%	β+	17,850.600	keV	¹⁸Ne	¹⁸Na > [ ? % , β+ , 17,850.6 keV ] > ¹⁸Ne															?	%	¹⁸O	?	%	¹⁶O	?	%	¹³C
Isotope_011_na_19_u	Unstable	¹⁹Na	Boson	11	p	8	n	5/2	1	19.013'877'499'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	12.926'808'000'0	MeV	6.938'021'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.27E-15	year	40.000	nano-seconds ( x⁻⁹ )	100.000'000	%	p	320.700	keV	¹⁸Ne	¹⁹Na > [ 100 % , p , 320.7 keV ] > ¹⁸Ne																						100.000'000	%	¹⁸O
Isotope_011_na_20_u	Unstable	²⁰Na	Fermion	11	p	9	n	2	1	20.007'351'328'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	6.847'719'000'0	MeV	7.298'641'000'0	MeV	0.369'400'000'0	nm	-		1.42E-8	year	447.900	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	75.000'000	%	β+	12,867.450	keV	²⁰Ne	²⁰Na > [ 75 % , β+ , 12,867.45 keV ] > ²⁰Ne	25.000'000	%	β+α	?	keV	¹⁶O	²⁰Na > [ 25 % , β+α , ? keV ] > ¹⁶O															75.000'000	%	²⁰Ne	25.000'000	%	¹⁶O
Isotope_011_na_21_u	Unstable	²¹Na	Boson	11	p	10	n	3/2	1	20.997'655'206'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-2.184'161'000'0	MeV	7.765'524'000'0	MeV	2.386'300'000'0	nm	0.050'000'000'0	b	7.13E-7	year	22.490	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	2,525.416	keV	²¹Ne	²¹Na > [ 100 % , β+ , 2,525.416 keV ] > ²¹Ne																						100.000'000	%	²¹Ne
Isotope_011_na_22_u	Unstable	²²Na	Fermion	11	p	11	n	3	1	21.994'436'425'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-5.182'436'000'0	MeV	7.915'709'000'0	MeV	1.746'000'000'0	nm	-		8.25E-8	year	2.604	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	1,820.078	keV	²²Ne	²²Na > [ 100 % , β+ , 1,820.078 keV ] > ²²Ne																						100.000'000	%	²²Ne
Isotope_011_na_23_s	Stable	²³Na	Boson	11	p	12	n	3/2	1	22.989'769'280'9	u	100.000'000	%	22.989'769'280'9	-9.529'853'580'0	MeV	8.111'493'000'0	MeV	2.217'520'000'0	nm	0.100'600'000'0	b	-
Isotope_011_na_24_u	Unstable	²⁴Na	Fermion	11	p	13	n	4	1	23.990'962'782'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-8.418'114'000'0	MeV	8.063'496'000'0	MeV	1.690'300'000'0	nm	-		1.71E-3	year	53.852	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	10.000'000	%	β-	5,515.453	keV	²⁴Mg	²⁴Na > [ 10 % , β- , 5,515.453 keV ] > ²⁴Mg																						100.000'000	%	²⁴Mg
Isotope_011_na_25_u	Unstable	²⁵Na	Boson	11	p	14	n	5/2	1	24.989'953'968'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-9.357'818'000'0	MeV	8.101'397'000'0	MeV	3.683'000'000'0	nm	-0.100'000'000'0	b	1.87E-6	year	59.100	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	3,835.010	keV	²⁵Mg	²⁵Na > [ 100 % , β- , 3,835.01 keV ] > ²⁵Mg																						100.000'000	%	²⁵Mg
Isotope_011_na_26_u	Unstable	²⁶Na	Fermion	11	p	15	n	3	1	25.992'633'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-6.862'316'000'0	MeV	8.004'260'000'0	MeV	2.851'000'000'0	nm	-0.080'000'000'0	b	3.41E-8	year	1.077	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	9,352.270	keV	²⁶Mg	²⁶Na > [ 100 % , β- , 9,352.27 keV ] > ²⁶Mg																						100.000'000	%	²⁶Mg
Isotope_011_na_27_u	Unstable	²⁷Na	Boson	11	p	16	n	5/2	1	26.994'076'788'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-5.517'436'000'0	MeV	7.956'933'000'0	MeV	3.895'000'000'0	nm	0.060'000'000'0	b	9.54E-9	year	301.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	9,069.210	keV	²⁷Mg	²⁷Na > [ 100 % , β- , 9,069.21 keV ] > ²⁷Mg	0.130'000	%	β-n	2,625.830	keV	²⁶Mg	²⁷Na > [ 0.13 % , β-n , 2,625.83 keV ] > ²⁶Mg															100.000'000	%	²⁷Mg	0.013'000	%	²⁶Mg
Isotope_011_na_28_u	Unstable	²⁸Na	Fermion	11	p	17	n	1	1	27.998'938'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-0.989'247'000'0	MeV	7.799'297'000'0	MeV	2.426'000'000'0	nm	-0.020'000'000'0	b	9.66E-10	year	30.500	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	99.000'000	%	β-	14,029.000	keV	²⁸Mg	²⁸Na > [ 99 % , β- , 14,029.0 keV ] > ²⁸Mg	0.580'000	%	β-n	5,526.100	keV	²⁷Mg	²⁸Na > [ 0.58 % , β-n , 5,526.1 keV ] > ²⁷Mg															99.000'000	%	²⁸Si	0.580'000	%	²⁷Al
Isotope_011_na_29_u	Unstable	²⁹Na	Boson	11	p	18	n	3/2	1	29.002'861'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	2.665'004'000'0	MeV	7.682'668'000'0	MeV	2.449'000'000'0	nm	0.030'000'000'0	b	1.42E-9	year	44.900	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	74.000'000	%	β-	13,284.000	keV	²⁹Mg	²⁹Na > [ 74 % , β- , 13,284.0 keV ] > ²⁹Mg	25.900'000	%	β-n	9,612.300	keV	²⁸Mg	²⁹Na > [ 25.9 % , β-n , 9,612.3 keV ] > ²⁸Mg															74.000'000	%	²⁹Si	25.900'000	%	²⁸Si
Isotope_011_na_30_u	Unstable	³⁰Na	Fermion	11	p	19	n	2	1	30.008'976'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	8.361'090'000'0	MeV	7.505'754'000'0	MeV	2.083'000'000'0	nm	-		1.53E-9	year	48.400	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	69.000'000	%	β-	17,271.800	keV	³⁰Mg	³⁰Na > [ 69 % , β- , 17,271.8 keV ] > ³⁰Mg	30.000'000	%	β-n	10,908.800	keV	²⁹Mg	³⁰Na > [ 30 % , β-n , 10,908.8 keV ] > ²⁹Mg	0.011'700	%	β-2n	7,237.100	keV	²⁸Mg	³⁰Na > [ 0.0117 % , β-2n , 7,237.1 keV ] > ²⁸Mg	0.000'055	%	β-α	5,506.600	keV	²⁶Ne	³⁰Na > [ 0.000055 % , β-α , 5,506.6 keV ] > ²⁶Ne	69.000'000	%	³⁰Si	30.041'400	%	²⁹Si	1.170'000	%	²⁸Si	0.000'055	%	²⁶Mg	0.000'000	%	²⁵Mg
Isotope_011_na_31_u	Unstable	³¹Na	Boson	11	p	20	n	3/2	1	31.013'585'452'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	12.654'768'000'0	MeV	7.385'492'000'0	MeV	2.305'000'000'0	nm	-		5.39E-10	year	17.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	62.000'000	%	β-	15,872.000	keV	³¹Mg	³¹Na > [ 62 % , β- , 15,872.0 keV ] > ³¹Mg	37.000'000	%	β-n	13,494.000	keV	³⁰Mg	³¹Na > [ 37 % , β-n , 13,494.0 keV ] > ³⁰Mg	0.900'000	%	β-2n	7,131.000	keV	²⁹Mg	³¹Na > [ 0.9 % , β-2n , 7,131.0 keV ] > ²⁹Mg	0.050'000	%	β-3n	?	keV	²⁸Mg	³¹Na > [ 0.05 % , β-3n , ? keV ] > ²⁸Mg	57.114'400	%	³¹P	41.776'480	%	³⁰Si	0.922'200	%	²⁹Si	0.050'000	%	²⁸Si
Isotope_011_na_32_u	Unstable	³²Na	Fermion	11	p	21	n	?	0	32.020'466'560'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	19.064'478'000'0	MeV	7.206'621'000'0	MeV	-		-		4.09E-10	year	12.900	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	68.000'000	%	β-	20,019.000	keV	³²Mg	³²Na > [ 68 % , β- , 20,019.0 keV ] > ³²Mg	24.000'000	%	β-n	14,211.000	keV	³¹Mg	³²Na > [ 24 % , β-n , 14,211.0 keV ] > ³¹Mg	0.080'000	%	β-2n	11,833.000	keV	³⁰Mg	³²Na > [ 0.08 % , β-2n , 11,833.0 keV ] > ³⁰Mg								65.973'600	%	³²P	24.174'640	%	³¹P	9.875'072	%	³⁰Si	0.004'800	%	²⁹Si
Isotope_011_na_33_u	Unstable	³³Na	Boson	11	p	22	n	3/2	1	33.026'719'756'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	24.889'293'000'0	MeV	7.056'314'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.60E-10	year	8.200	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	47.000'000	%	β-n	17,773.000	keV	³²Mg	³³Na > [ 47 % , β-n , 17,773.0 keV ] > ³²Mg	40.000'000	%	β-	19,995.000	keV	³³Mg	³³Na > [ 40 % , β- , 19,995.0 keV ] > ³³Mg	0.130'000	%	β-2n	11,964.000	keV	³¹Mg	³³Na > [ 0.13 % , β-2n , 11,964.0 keV ] > ³¹Mg								55.153'400	%	³²S	30.544'000	%	³³S	13.451'060	%	³¹P	1.019'568	%	³⁰Si
Isotope_011_na_34_u	Unstable	³⁴Na	Fermion	11	p	23	n	1	1	34.035'170'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	32.761'000'000'0	MeV	6.855'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.74E-10	year	5.500	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	50.000'000	%	β-2n	17,573.000	keV	³²Mg	³⁴Na > [ 50 % , β-2n , 17,573.0 keV ] > ³²Mg	35.000'000	%	β-	23,952.000	keV	³⁴Mg	³⁴Na > [ 35 % , β- , 23,952.0 keV ] > ³⁴Mg	0.150'000	%	β-n	19,795.000	keV	³³Mg	³⁴Na > [ 0.15 % , β-n , 19,795.0 keV ] > ³³Mg								52.092'750	%	³²S	30.800'000	%	³⁴S	15.829'000	%	³³S	1.536'850	%	³¹P	0.019'200	%	³⁰Si
Isotope_011_na_35_u	Unstable	³⁵Na	Boson	11	p	24	n	3/2	1	35.042'493'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	39.582'000'000'0	MeV	6.695'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		4.75E-11	year	1.500	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	23,430.000	keV	³⁴Mg	³⁵Na > [ 100 % , β- , 23,430.0 keV ] > ³⁴Mg	?	%	β-n	22,702.000	keV	³⁴Mg	³⁵Na > [ ? % , β-n , 22,702.0 keV ] > ³⁴Mg															66.856'000	%	³⁴S	26.904'000	%	³⁵Cl	6.500'000	%	³³S	?	%	³²S
Isotope_011_na_36_u	Unstable	³⁶Na	Fermion	11	p	25	n	?	0	36.051'480'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	47.953'000'000'0	MeV	6.500'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		8.24E-15	year	260.000	nano-seconds ( x⁻⁹ )	?	%	n	300.000	keV	³⁵Mg	³⁶Na > [ ? % , n , 300.0 keV ] > ³⁵Mg																						?	%	³⁴S	?	%	³³S	?	%	³²S	?	%	³⁵Cl
Isotope_011_na_37_u	Unstable	³⁷Na	Boson	11	p	26	n	3/2	1	37.059'340'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	55.275'000'000'0	MeV	6.345'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.17E-17	year	1.000	nano-seconds ( x⁻⁹ )	?	%	β-	26,030.000	keV	³⁷Mg	³⁷Na > [ ? % , β- , 26,030.0 keV ] > ³⁷Mg	?	%	β-n	25,780.000	keV	³⁵Mg	³⁷Na > [ ? % , β-n , 25,780.0 keV ] > ³⁵Mg															?	%	³⁶S	?	%	³⁴S	?	%	³⁷Cl	?	%	³⁵Cl

11 – Sodium, Na

11 – Sodium, Na

11 – Sodium, Na

11 – Sodium, Na

11 – Sodium, Na

Spectrograph

Elemental Tile

Sodium

Spectrograph

Elemental Tile

Sodium

Spectrograph

Elemental Tile

Sodium

Spectrograph

Elemental Tile

Sodium

Spectrograph

Elemental Tile

Sodium