OMNIA SCIENTIA
OMNIA SCIENTIA
OMNIA SCIENTIA
OMNIA SCIENTIA
OMNIA SCIENTIA
PHYSICS & CHEMISTRY
PHYSICS & CHEMISTRY
PHYSICS & CHEMISTRY
PHYSICS & CHEMISTRY
PHYSICS & CHEMISTRY
MATERIAL COEFFICIENTS
MATERIAL COEFFICIENTS
MATERIAL COEFFICIENTS
MATERIAL COEFFICIENTS
MATERIAL COEFFICIENTS
TCR @ 20 °C (68 °F, 293 K) with ρ and σ
TCR @ 20 °C (68 °F, 293 K) with ρ and σ
TCR @ 20 °C (68 °F, 293 K) with ρ and σ
TCR @ 20 °C (68 °F, 293 K) with ρ and σ
TCR @ 20 °C (68 °F, 293 K) with ρ and σ
TCR @ 20 °C (68 °F, 293 K) with ρ and σ
TCR @ 20 °C (68 °F, 293 K) with ρ and σ
TCR @ 20 °C (68 °F, 293 K) with ρ and σ
TCR @ 20 °C (68 °F, 293 K) with ρ and σ
| Temperature Coefficient of Resistance |
| TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT OF RESISTANCE (TCR): The “alpha” (α) constant, illustrates the change in internal resistance per degree of temperature of materials. At the universal reference temperature of 20° C, established alpha tables provide temperature coefficients of resistance to calculate the change in resistance and temperature of material elements, metals and alloys. Pure metals maintain a positive coefficient number, as resistance increases with temperature. Carbon, Silicon, and Germanium, have a negative coefficient number, with resistance that decreases with increasing temperature. Specific metal alloys have a near zero temperature coefficient of resistance, as resistance barely changes with temperature, excellent for creating precision resistors. |
| Temperature Coefficient of Resistance |
| TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT OF RESISTANCE (TCR): The “alpha” (α) constant, illustrates the change in internal resistance per degree of temperature of materials. At the universal reference temperature of 20° C, established alpha tables provide temperature coefficients of resistance to calculate the change in resistance and temperature of material elements, metals and alloys. Pure metals maintain a positive coefficient number, as resistance increases with temperature. Carbon, Silicon, and Germanium, have a negative coefficient number, with resistance that decreases with increasing temperature. Specific metal alloys have a near zero temperature coefficient of resistance, as resistance barely changes with temperature, excellent for creating precision resistors. |
| Temperature Coefficient of Resistance |
| TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT OF RESISTANCE (TCR): The “alpha” (α) constant, illustrates the change in internal resistance per degree of temperature of materials. At the universal reference temperature of 20° C, established alpha tables provide temperature coefficients of resistance to calculate the change in resistance and temperature of material elements, metals and alloys. Pure metals maintain a positive coefficient number, as resistance increases with temperature. Carbon, Silicon, and Germanium, have a negative coefficient number, with resistance that decreases with increasing temperature. Specific metal alloys have a near zero temperature coefficient of resistance, as resistance barely changes with temperature, excellent for creating precision resistors. |
| Temperature Coefficient of Resistance |
| TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT OF RESISTANCE (TCR): The “alpha” (α) constant, illustrates the change in internal resistance per degree of temperature of materials. At the universal reference temperature of 20° C, established alpha tables provide temperature coefficients of resistance to calculate the change in resistance and temperature of material elements, metals and alloys. Pure metals maintain a positive coefficient number, as resistance increases with temperature. Carbon, Silicon, and Germanium, have a negative coefficient number, with resistance that decreases with increasing temperature. Specific metal alloys have a near zero temperature coefficient of resistance, as resistance barely changes with temperature, excellent for creating precision resistors. |
| Temperature Coefficient of Resistance |
| TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT OF RESISTANCE (TCR): The “alpha” (α) constant, illustrates the change in internal resistance per degree of temperature of materials. At the universal reference temperature of 20° C, established alpha tables provide temperature coefficients of resistance to calculate the change in resistance and temperature of material elements, metals and alloys. Pure metals maintain a positive coefficient number, as resistance increases with temperature. Carbon, Silicon, and Germanium, have a negative coefficient number, with resistance that decreases with increasing temperature. Specific metal alloys have a near zero temperature coefficient of resistance, as resistance barely changes with temperature, excellent for creating precision resistors. |
| FORMULAS for TCR & Conductance |
| TCR = (R1-R2) / R2 ÷ (T1-T2) x 10^6 Δ R / R 0 = α Δ T |
| FORMULAS for TCR & Conductance |
| TCR = (R1-R2) / R2 ÷ (T1-T2) x 10^6 Δ R / R 0 = α Δ T |
| FORMULAS for TCR & Conductance |
| TCR = (R1-R2) / R2 ÷ (T1-T2) x 10^6 Δ R / R 0 = α Δ T |
| FORMULAS for TCR & Conductance |
| TCR = (R1-R2) / R2 ÷ (T1-T2) x 10^6 Δ R / R 0 = α Δ T |
| FORMULAS for TCR & Conductance |
| TCR = (R1-R2) / R2 ÷ (T1-T2) x 10^6 Δ R / R 0 = α Δ T |
| MATERIAL | ρ (Ω·m) | σ (S/m) | TC | ||
| Aluminium | 2.82 E−8 | 3.50 E7 | 0.0039 | ||
| Calcium | 3.36 E−8 | 2.98 E7 | 0.004’1 | ||
| Carbon (amorphous) Min | 5.00 E−4 | 1.25 E3 | -0.000’5 | ||
| Carbon (amorphous) Max | 8.00 E−4 | 2.00 E3 | -0.000’5 | ||
| Carbon (graphene) | 1.00 E−8 | 1.00 E8 | -0.000’2 | ||
| Constantan | 4.90 E−7 | 2.04 E6 | 0.000’008 | ||
| Copper | 1.68 E−8 | 5.96 E7 | 0.003’862 | ||
| Copper (annealed) | 1.72 E−8 | 5.80 E7 | 0.003’93 | ||
| Germanium | 4.60 E−1 | 2.17 | -0.048 | ||
| Gold | 2.44 E−8 | 4.10 E7 | 0.003’4 | ||
| Iron | 1.00 E−7 | 1.00 E7 | 0.005 | ||
| Lead | 2.20 E-7 | 4.55 E6 | 0.0039 | ||
| Lithium | 9.28 E−8 | 1.08 E7 | 0.006 | ||
| Manganin | 4.82 E−7 | 2.07 E6 | 0.000’002 | ||
| Mercury | 9.80 E−7 | 1.02 E6 | 0.000’9 | ||
| Nichrome | 1.10 E−6 | 6.70 E5 | 0.000’4 | ||
| Nickel | 6.99 E−8 | 1.43 E7 | 0.006 | ||
| Platinum | 1.06 E−7 | 9.43 E6 | 0.003’92 | ||
| Silicon | 6.40 E2 | 1.56 E−3 | -0.075 | ||
| Silver | 1.59 E−8 | 6.30 E7 | 0.003’8 | ||
| Tin | 1.09 E−7 | 9.17 E6 | 0.004’5 | ||
| Titanium | 4.20 E−7 | 2.38 E6 | 0.003’8 | ||
| Tungsten | 5.60 E−8 | 1.79 E7 | 0.004’5 | ||
| Zinc | 5.90 E−8 | 1.69 E7 | 0.003’7 |
ρ (Ω·m) at 20 °C, σ (S/m) at 20 °C & TC (Temperature Coefficient) Coefficients of various materials at 20 °C (68 °F, 293 K) |
| MATERIAL | ρ (Ω·m) | σ (S/m) | TC | ||
| Aluminium | 2.82 E−8 | 3.50 E7 | 0.0039 | ||
| Calcium | 3.36 E−8 | 2.98 E7 | 0.004’1 | ||
| Carbon (amorphous) Min | 5.00 E−4 | 1.25 E3 | -0.000’5 | ||
| Carbon (amorphous) Max | 8.00 E−4 | 2.00 E3 | -0.000’5 | ||
| Carbon (graphene) | 1.00 E−8 | 1.00 E8 | -0.000’2 | ||
| Constantan | 4.90 E−7 | 2.04 E6 | 0.000’008 | ||
| Copper | 1.68 E−8 | 5.96 E7 | 0.003’862 | ||
| Copper (annealed) | 1.72 E−8 | 5.80 E7 | 0.003’93 | ||
| Germanium | 4.60 E−1 | 2.17 | -0.048 | ||
| Gold | 2.44 E−8 | 4.10 E7 | 0.003’4 | ||
| Iron | 1.00 E−7 | 1.00 E7 | 0.005 | ||
| Lead | 2.20 E-7 | 4.55 E6 | 0.0039 | ||
| Lithium | 9.28 E−8 | 1.08 E7 | 0.006 | ||
| Manganin | 4.82 E−7 | 2.07 E6 | 0.000’002 | ||
| Mercury | 9.80 E−7 | 1.02 E6 | 0.000’9 | ||
| Nichrome | 1.10 E−6 | 6.70 E5 | 0.000’4 | ||
| Nickel | 6.99 E−8 | 1.43 E7 | 0.006 | ||
| Platinum | 1.06 E−7 | 9.43 E6 | 0.003’92 | ||
| Silicon | 6.40 E2 | 1.56 E−3 | -0.075 | ||
| Silver | 1.59 E−8 | 6.30 E7 | 0.003’8 | ||
| Tin | 1.09 E−7 | 9.17 E6 | 0.004’5 | ||
| Titanium | 4.20 E−7 | 2.38 E6 | 0.003’8 | ||
| Tungsten | 5.60 E−8 | 1.79 E7 | 0.004’5 | ||
| Zinc | 5.90 E−8 | 1.69 E7 | 0.003’7 |
ρ (Ω·m) at 20 °C, σ (S/m) at 20 °C & TC (Temperature Coefficient) Coefficients of various materials at 20 °C (68 °F, 293 K) |
| MATERIAL | ρ (Ω·m) | σ (S/m) | TC | ||
| Aluminium | 2.82 E−8 | 3.50 E7 | 0.0039 | ||
| Calcium | 3.36 E−8 | 2.98 E7 | 0.004’1 | ||
| Carbon (amorphous) Min | 5.00 E−4 | 1.25 E3 | -0.000’5 | ||
| Carbon (amorphous) Max | 8.00 E−4 | 2.00 E3 | -0.000’5 | ||
| Carbon (graphene) | 1.00 E−8 | 1.00 E8 | -0.000’2 | ||
| Constantan | 4.90 E−7 | 2.04 E6 | 0.000’008 | ||
| Copper | 1.68 E−8 | 5.96 E7 | 0.003’862 | ||
| Copper (annealed) | 1.72 E−8 | 5.80 E7 | 0.003’93 | ||
| Germanium | 4.60 E−1 | 2.17 | -0.048 | ||
| Gold | 2.44 E−8 | 4.10 E7 | 0.003’4 | ||
| Iron | 1.00 E−7 | 1.00 E7 | 0.005 | ||
| Lead | 2.20 E-7 | 4.55 E6 | 0.0039 | ||
| Lithium | 9.28 E−8 | 1.08 E7 | 0.006 | ||
| Manganin | 4.82 E−7 | 2.07 E6 | 0.000’002 | ||
| Mercury | 9.80 E−7 | 1.02 E6 | 0.000’9 | ||
| Nichrome | 1.10 E−6 | 6.70 E5 | 0.000’4 | ||
| Nickel | 6.99 E−8 | 1.43 E7 | 0.006 | ||
| Platinum | 1.06 E−7 | 9.43 E6 | 0.003’92 | ||
| Silicon | 6.40 E2 | 1.56 E−3 | -0.075 | ||
| Silver | 1.59 E−8 | 6.30 E7 | 0.003’8 | ||
| Tin | 1.09 E−7 | 9.17 E6 | 0.004’5 | ||
| Titanium | 4.20 E−7 | 2.38 E6 | 0.003’8 | ||
| Tungsten | 5.60 E−8 | 1.79 E7 | 0.004’5 | ||
| Zinc | 5.90 E−8 | 1.69 E7 | 0.003’7 |
ρ (Ω·m) at 20 °C, σ (S/m) at 20 °C & TC (Temperature Coefficient) Coefficients of various materials at 20 °C (68 °F, 293 K) |
| MATERIAL | ρ (Ω·m) | σ (S/m) | TC | ||
| Aluminium | 2.82 E−8 | 3.50 E7 | 0.0039 | ||
| Calcium | 3.36 E−8 | 2.98 E7 | 0.004’1 | ||
| Carbon (amorphous) Min | 5.00 E−4 | 1.25 E3 | -0.000’5 | ||
| Carbon (amorphous) Max | 8.00 E−4 | 2.00 E3 | -0.000’5 | ||
| Carbon (graphene) | 1.00 E−8 | 1.00 E8 | -0.000’2 | ||
| Constantan | 4.90 E−7 | 2.04 E6 | 0.000’008 | ||
| Copper | 1.68 E−8 | 5.96 E7 | 0.003’862 | ||
| Copper (annealed) | 1.72 E−8 | 5.80 E7 | 0.003’93 | ||
| Germanium | 4.60 E−1 | 2.17 | -0.048 | ||
| Gold | 2.44 E−8 | 4.10 E7 | 0.003’4 | ||
| Iron | 1.00 E−7 | 1.00 E7 | 0.005 | ||
| Lead | 2.20 E-7 | 4.55 E6 | 0.0039 | ||
| Lithium | 9.28 E−8 | 1.08 E7 | 0.006 | ||
| Manganin | 4.82 E−7 | 2.07 E6 | 0.000’002 | ||
| Mercury | 9.80 E−7 | 1.02 E6 | 0.000’9 | ||
| Nichrome | 1.10 E−6 | 6.70 E5 | 0.000’4 | ||
| Nickel | 6.99 E−8 | 1.43 E7 | 0.006 | ||
| Platinum | 1.06 E−7 | 9.43 E6 | 0.003’92 | ||
| Silicon | 6.40 E2 | 1.56 E−3 | -0.075 | ||
| Silver | 1.59 E−8 | 6.30 E7 | 0.003’8 | ||
| Tin | 1.09 E−7 | 9.17 E6 | 0.004’5 | ||
| Titanium | 4.20 E−7 | 2.38 E6 | 0.003’8 | ||
| Tungsten | 5.60 E−8 | 1.79 E7 | 0.004’5 | ||
| Zinc | 5.90 E−8 | 1.69 E7 | 0.003’7 |
ρ (Ω·m) at 20 °C, σ (S/m) at 20 °C & TC (Temperature Coefficient) Coefficients of various materials at 20 °C (68 °F, 293 K) |
| MATERIAL | ρ (Ω·m) | σ (S/m) | TC | ||
| Aluminium | 2.82 E−8 | 3.50 E7 | 0.0039 | ||
| Calcium | 3.36 E−8 | 2.98 E7 | 0.004’1 | ||
| Carbon (amorphous) Min | 5.00 E−4 | 1.25 E3 | -0.000’5 | ||
| Carbon (amorphous) Max | 8.00 E−4 | 2.00 E3 | -0.000’5 | ||
| Carbon (graphene) | 1.00 E−8 | 1.00 E8 | -0.000’2 | ||
| Constantan | 4.90 E−7 | 2.04 E6 | 0.000’008 | ||
| Copper | 1.68 E−8 | 5.96 E7 | 0.003’862 | ||
| Copper (annealed) | 1.72 E−8 | 5.80 E7 | 0.003’93 | ||
| Germanium | 4.60 E−1 | 2.17 | -0.048 | ||
| Gold | 2.44 E−8 | 4.10 E7 | 0.003’4 | ||
| Iron | 1.00 E−7 | 1.00 E7 | 0.005 | ||
| Lead | 2.20 E-7 | 4.55 E6 | 0.0039 | ||
| Lithium | 9.28 E−8 | 1.08 E7 | 0.006 | ||
| Manganin | 4.82 E−7 | 2.07 E6 | 0.000’002 | ||
| Mercury | 9.80 E−7 | 1.02 E6 | 0.000’9 | ||
| Nichrome | 1.10 E−6 | 6.70 E5 | 0.000’4 | ||
| Nickel | 6.99 E−8 | 1.43 E7 | 0.006 | ||
| Platinum | 1.06 E−7 | 9.43 E6 | 0.003’92 | ||
| Silicon | 6.40 E2 | 1.56 E−3 | -0.075 | ||
| Silver | 1.59 E−8 | 6.30 E7 | 0.003’8 | ||
| Tin | 1.09 E−7 | 9.17 E6 | 0.004’5 | ||
| Titanium | 4.20 E−7 | 2.38 E6 | 0.003’8 | ||
| Tungsten | 5.60 E−8 | 1.79 E7 | 0.004’5 | ||
| Zinc | 5.90 E−8 | 1.69 E7 | 0.003’7 |
ρ (Ω·m) at 20 °C, σ (S/m) at 20 °C & TC (Temperature Coefficient) Coefficients of various materials at 20 °C (68 °F, 293 K) |