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	A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # Ω

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	A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # Ω

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	A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # Ω

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	A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # Ω

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Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation

A

Compression technique that encodes only the difference between sequential samples and differs from a DPCM by varying the step size to reduce the required bandwidth for a given signal-to-noise ratio.

Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation

A

Compression technique that encodes only the difference between sequential samples and differs from a DPCM by varying the step size to reduce the required bandwidth for a given signal-to-noise ratio.

Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation

A

Compression technique that encodes only the difference between sequential samples and differs from a DPCM by varying the step size to reduce the required bandwidth for a given signal-to-noise ratio.

Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation

A

Compression technique that encodes only the difference between sequential samples and differs from a DPCM by varying the step size to reduce the required bandwidth for a given signal-to-noise ratio.

Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation

A

Compression technique that encodes only the difference between sequential samples and differs from a DPCM by varying the step size to reduce the required bandwidth for a given signal-to-noise ratio.

Add / Drop Multiplexer

A

Synchronous transmission networks carrying multiple channels use this device to prioritise data by inserting (add) or removing (drop) lower-data-rate channel traffic from the higher-rate aggregated channel.

Add / Drop Multiplexer

A

Synchronous transmission networks carrying multiple channels use this device to prioritise data by inserting (add) or removing (drop) lower-data-rate channel traffic from the higher-rate aggregated channel.

Add / Drop Multiplexer

A

Synchronous transmission networks carrying multiple channels use this device to prioritise data by inserting (add) or removing (drop) lower-data-rate channel traffic from the higher-rate aggregated channel.

Add / Drop Multiplexer

A

Synchronous transmission networks carrying multiple channels use this device to prioritise data by inserting (add) or removing (drop) lower-data-rate channel traffic from the higher-rate aggregated channel.

Add / Drop Multiplexer

A

Synchronous transmission networks carrying multiple channels use this device to prioritise data by inserting (add) or removing (drop) lower-data-rate channel traffic from the higher-rate aggregated channel.

Advanced Configuration and Power Interface

A

Industry-standard specification, co-developed by Hewlett-Packard, Intel, Microsoft, Phoenix and Toshiba, for operating-system-directed power management for laptop, desktop, and server computers.

Advanced Configuration and Power Interface

A

Industry-standard specification, co-developed by Hewlett-Packard, Intel, Microsoft, Phoenix and Toshiba, for operating-system-directed power management for laptop, desktop, and server computers.

Advanced Configuration and Power Interface

A

Industry-standard specification, co-developed by Hewlett-Packard, Intel, Microsoft, Phoenix and Toshiba, for operating-system-directed power management for laptop, desktop, and server computers.

Advanced Configuration and Power Interface

A

Industry-standard specification, co-developed by Hewlett-Packard, Intel, Microsoft, Phoenix and Toshiba, for operating-system-directed power management for laptop, desktop, and server computers.

Advanced Configuration and Power Interface

A

Industry-standard specification, co-developed by Hewlett-Packard, Intel, Microsoft, Phoenix and Toshiba, for operating-system-directed power management for laptop, desktop, and server computers.

Advanced Power Management

A

Power management standard for computers that provides five power states: Ready, Stand-by, Suspended, Hibernation and Off.

Advanced Power Management

A

Power management standard for computers that provides five power states: Ready, Stand-by, Suspended, Hibernation and Off.

Advanced Power Management

A

Power management standard for computers that provides five power states: Ready, Stand-by, Suspended, Hibernation and Off.

Advanced Power Management

A

Power management standard for computers that provides five power states: Ready, Stand-by, Suspended, Hibernation and Off.

Advanced Power Management

A

Power management standard for computers that provides five power states: Ready, Stand-by, Suspended, Hibernation and Off.

Aliasing

A

A/D Conversion, utilises the Nyquist principle, which states that the sampling rate must be at least twice the maximum bandwidth of the analogue signal. If the sampling rate is insufficient, then higher-frequency components are “undersampled” and appear shifted to lower-frequencies and are known as aliases. The frequencies that shift are sometimes called “folded” frequencies as the spectral plot appears folded to superimpose the higher frequency components over the sub-Nyquist portion of the band.

Aliasing

A

A/D Conversion, utilises the Nyquist principle, which states that the sampling rate must be at least twice the maximum bandwidth of the analogue signal. If the sampling rate is insufficient, then higher-frequency components are “undersampled” and appear shifted to lower-frequencies and are known as aliases. The frequencies that shift are sometimes called “folded” frequencies as the spectral plot appears folded to superimpose the higher frequency components over the sub-Nyquist portion of the band.

Aliasing

A

A/D Conversion, utilises the Nyquist principle, which states that the sampling rate must be at least twice the maximum bandwidth of the analogue signal. If the sampling rate is insufficient, then higher-frequency components are “undersampled” and appear shifted to lower-frequencies and are known as aliases. The frequencies that shift are sometimes called “folded” frequencies as the spectral plot appears folded to superimpose the higher frequency components over the sub-Nyquist portion of the band.

Aliasing

A

A/D Conversion, utilises the Nyquist principle, which states that the sampling rate must be at least twice the maximum bandwidth of the analogue signal. If the sampling rate is insufficient, then higher-frequency components are “undersampled” and appear shifted to lower-frequencies and are known as aliases. The frequencies that shift are sometimes called “folded” frequencies as the spectral plot appears folded to superimpose the higher frequency components over the sub-Nyquist portion of the band.

Aliasing

A

A/D Conversion, utilises the Nyquist principle, which states that the sampling rate must be at least twice the maximum bandwidth of the analogue signal. If the sampling rate is insufficient, then higher-frequency components are “undersampled” and appear shifted to lower-frequencies and are known as aliases. The frequencies that shift are sometimes called “folded” frequencies as the spectral plot appears folded to superimpose the higher frequency components over the sub-Nyquist portion of the band.

Alternating Current

A

Form of electrical power in which the flow of electric charge changes polarity each half-cycle of a sinewave. Electric power is distributed in this form as high voltage transmitted through power lines reduces the power lost as heat due to resistance of the wire, then at the residence, the voltage is reduced. Discovered by Nicola Tesla, 1886

Alternating Current

A

Form of electrical power in which the flow of electric charge changes polarity each half-cycle of a sinewave. Electric power is distributed in this form as high voltage transmitted through power lines reduces the power lost as heat due to resistance of the wire, then at the residence, the voltage is reduced. Discovered by Nicola Tesla, 1886

Alternating Current

A

Form of electrical power in which the flow of electric charge changes polarity each half-cycle of a sinewave. Electric power is distributed in this form as high voltage transmitted through power lines reduces the power lost as heat due to resistance of the wire, then at the residence, the voltage is reduced. Discovered by Nicola Tesla, 1886

Alternating Current

A

Form of electrical power in which the flow of electric charge changes polarity each half-cycle of a sinewave. Electric power is distributed in this form as high voltage transmitted through power lines reduces the power lost as heat due to resistance of the wire, then at the residence, the voltage is reduced. Discovered by Nicola Tesla, 1886

Alternating Current

A

Form of electrical power in which the flow of electric charge changes polarity each half-cycle of a sinewave. Electric power is distributed in this form as high voltage transmitted through power lines reduces the power lost as heat due to resistance of the wire, then at the residence, the voltage is reduced. Discovered by Nicola Tesla, 1886

American Wire Gauge

A

Known as the Brown & Sharpe wire gauge, is a standardised wire gauge system in use since 1857, beginning in North America, then adopted throughout the world for standard measures for the diameters of round, solid, nonferrous, electrically conducting wire. The cross-sectional area of each gauge is essential in determining its current-carrying capacity. Invented by Joseph Rodgers, 1857

American Wire Gauge

A

Known as the Brown & Sharpe wire gauge, is a standardised wire gauge system in use since 1857, beginning in North America, then adopted throughout the world for standard measures for the diameters of round, solid, nonferrous, electrically conducting wire. The cross-sectional area of each gauge is essential in determining its current-carrying capacity. Invented by Joseph Rodgers, 1857

American Wire Gauge

A

Known as the Brown & Sharpe wire gauge, is a standardised wire gauge system in use since 1857, beginning in North America, then adopted throughout the world for standard measures for the diameters of round, solid, nonferrous, electrically conducting wire. The cross-sectional area of each gauge is essential in determining its current-carrying capacity. Invented by Joseph Rodgers, 1857

American Wire Gauge

A

Known as the Brown & Sharpe wire gauge, is a standardised wire gauge system in use since 1857, beginning in North America, then adopted throughout the world for standard measures for the diameters of round, solid, nonferrous, electrically conducting wire. The cross-sectional area of each gauge is essential in determining its current-carrying capacity. Invented by Joseph Rodgers, 1857

American Wire Gauge

A

Known as the Brown & Sharpe wire gauge, is a standardised wire gauge system in use since 1857, beginning in North America, then adopted throughout the world for standard measures for the diameters of round, solid, nonferrous, electrically conducting wire. The cross-sectional area of each gauge is essential in determining its current-carrying capacity. Invented by Joseph Rodgers, 1857

Ampacity

A

Measured in Amperes, A and is a measurement of the maximum amount of electric current a conductor or device can carry before sustaining irreversible deterioration and is defined by operating temperature, insulation, conductor resistance, current frequency and the ability to dissipate heat. Discovered by Arthur Edwin Kennelly, 1895

Ampacity

A

Measured in Amperes, A and is a measurement of the maximum amount of electric current a conductor or device can carry before sustaining irreversible deterioration and is defined by operating temperature, insulation, conductor resistance, current frequency and the ability to dissipate heat. Discovered by Arthur Edwin Kennelly, 1895

Ampacity

A

Measured in Amperes, A and is a measurement of the maximum amount of electric current a conductor or device can carry before sustaining irreversible deterioration and is defined by operating temperature, insulation, conductor resistance, current frequency and the ability to dissipate heat. Discovered by Arthur Edwin Kennelly, 1895

Ampacity

A

Measured in Amperes, A and is a measurement of the maximum amount of electric current a conductor or device can carry before sustaining irreversible deterioration and is defined by operating temperature, insulation, conductor resistance, current frequency and the ability to dissipate heat. Discovered by Arthur Edwin Kennelly, 1895

Ampacity

A

Measured in Amperes, A and is a measurement of the maximum amount of electric current a conductor or device can carry before sustaining irreversible deterioration and is defined by operating temperature, insulation, conductor resistance, current frequency and the ability to dissipate heat. Discovered by Arthur Edwin Kennelly, 1895

Ampere

A

	Ampere, A SI Base Unit
	Electric Current, I SI Base Quantity
	This unit of electric current (1 amp) is the flow capacity of the electric charge in one coulomb over a duration of one second. One coulomb is equivalent to the charge of 6.242×1018 electrons. Formally, as defined in 2014: “The ampere is that constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1m apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2 × 10−7 newton per metre of length.” Proposed: “The ampere, A, is the unit of electric current; its magnitude is set by fixing the numerical value of the elementary charge to be equal to exactly 1.602 17X × 10−19 when it is expressed in the unit A·s, which is equal to C.” Discovered by André-Marie Ampère, 1820

Ampere

A

	Ampere, A SI Base Unit
	Electric Current, I SI Base Quantity
	This unit of electric current (1 amp) is the flow capacity of the electric charge in one coulomb over a duration of one second. One coulomb is equivalent to the charge of 6.242×1018 electrons. Formally, as defined in 2014: “The ampere is that constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1m apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2 × 10−7 newton per metre of length.” Proposed: “The ampere, A, is the unit of electric current; its magnitude is set by fixing the numerical value of the elementary charge to be equal to exactly 1.602 17X × 10−19 when it is expressed in the unit A·s, which is equal to C.” Discovered by André-Marie Ampère, 1820

Ampere

A

	Ampere, A SI Base Unit
	Electric Current, I SI Base Quantity
	This unit of electric current (1 amp) is the flow capacity of the electric charge in one coulomb over a duration of one second. One coulomb is equivalent to the charge of 6.242×1018 electrons. Formally, as defined in 2014: “The ampere is that constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1m apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2 × 10−7 newton per metre of length.” Proposed: “The ampere, A, is the unit of electric current; its magnitude is set by fixing the numerical value of the elementary charge to be equal to exactly 1.602 17X × 10−19 when it is expressed in the unit A·s, which is equal to C.” Discovered by André-Marie Ampère, 1820

Ampere

A

	Ampere, A SI Base Unit
	Electric Current, I SI Base Quantity
	This unit of electric current (1 amp) is the flow capacity of the electric charge in one coulomb over a duration of one second. One coulomb is equivalent to the charge of 6.242×1018 electrons. Formally, as defined in 2014: “The ampere is that constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1m apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2 × 10−7 newton per metre of length.” Proposed: “The ampere, A, is the unit of electric current; its magnitude is set by fixing the numerical value of the elementary charge to be equal to exactly 1.602 17X × 10−19 when it is expressed in the unit A·s, which is equal to C.” Discovered by André-Marie Ampère, 1820

Ampere

A

	Ampere, A SI Base Unit
	Electric Current, I SI Base Quantity
	This unit of electric current (1 amp) is the flow capacity of the electric charge in one coulomb over a duration of one second. One coulomb is equivalent to the charge of 6.242×1018 electrons. Formally, as defined in 2014: “The ampere is that constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1m apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2 × 10−7 newton per metre of length.” Proposed: “The ampere, A, is the unit of electric current; its magnitude is set by fixing the numerical value of the elementary charge to be equal to exactly 1.602 17X × 10−19 when it is expressed in the unit A·s, which is equal to C.” Discovered by André-Marie Ampère, 1820

Ampere-hour

A

Measurement of the current capacity or rate of usage of an electrical supply, in Ampere-hours, Ah and describes the use of one amp of current, flowing for a duration of one hour or 3,600 coulombs.

Ampere-hour

A

Measurement of the current capacity or rate of usage of an electrical supply, in Ampere-hours, Ah and describes the use of one amp of current, flowing for a duration of one hour or 3,600 coulombs.

Ampere-hour

A

Measurement of the current capacity or rate of usage of an electrical supply, in Ampere-hours, Ah and describes the use of one amp of current, flowing for a duration of one hour or 3,600 coulombs.

Ampere-hour

A

Measurement of the current capacity or rate of usage of an electrical supply, in Ampere-hours, Ah and describes the use of one amp of current, flowing for a duration of one hour or 3,600 coulombs.

Ampere-hour

A

Measurement of the current capacity or rate of usage of an electrical supply, in Ampere-hours, Ah and describes the use of one amp of current, flowing for a duration of one hour or 3,600 coulombs.

Amplifier Classes

A

Class A: Simplest type of amplifier, whereby the output transistors conduct (without fully turning off) irrespective of the output waveform of the signal and is typically associated with high linearity and low efficiency. Class AB: Combining “Class A” and “Class B” amplifiers, results in a more efficient amplifier, yet requires further improvement to lower distortion by biasing both transistors so they conduct when the signal approaches zero. This improves the individual component amplifiers with smoother transistors transitions in “Class B”. The “Class A” element of a small signal, initiates both transistors, until a large signal is present, then return to the alternating transistors, commanding each half of the waveform. Class B: Output transistors will only conduct during half (180 degrees) of the signal waveform. To amplify the complete signal, one transistor is used to conduct for positive output signal and the another for the negative output. Efficiency is improved over the “Class A” Amplifier, yet still retains high distortion due to a transition point where the two transistors are turned on to off. Class C: Switching amplifiers, with transistors on for less than a half cycle and are required for short pulses, a trigger. “Class C” amplifiers are very efficient as the transistors are off most of the time and when on, they are in full conduction. They deliver high distortion for use in filtration, often in RF circuits, where tuning circuits can restore the original signal and reduce distortion. Class D: Producing an output of a switching waveform, at high frequency, the low-pass filtered, average value of this waveform contours to the actual required audio waveform producing a highly efficient amplifier by capitalising on the component characteristics, such as the low resolve of the linear aspect of output transistors and ensuring switching is fully on or fully off, removing linear issues. Class G: Similar in design to “Class AB” amplifiers with an improvement in the use of two or more supply voltages. As a cascade of select voltages, low signal levels are comparable to the appropriate amplification voltage and proportionately increasing or decreasing as per the signal, maintaining optimum performance without inefficient loss of current, pronounced in other classes of amplifier. Class H: Modulation of supply voltages to the output devices of the amplifier, maintains a supportive mimic relationship to the signal waveform, never exceeding the signal swing. By reducing the dissipation across the output devices, the amplifier operates as an optimised “Class AB” efficiency irrespective of the output level. The key defining aspect of this amplifier is the predictive nature of the supply voltage and the excessive components to predict this.

Amplifier Classes

A

Class A: Simplest type of amplifier, whereby the output transistors conduct (without fully turning off) irrespective of the output waveform of the signal and is typically associated with high linearity and low efficiency. Class AB: Combining “Class A” and “Class B” amplifiers, results in a more efficient amplifier, yet requires further improvement to lower distortion by biasing both transistors so they conduct when the signal approaches zero. This improves the individual component amplifiers with smoother transistors transitions in “Class B”. The “Class A” element of a small signal, initiates both transistors, until a large signal is present, then return to the alternating transistors, commanding each half of the waveform. Class B: Output transistors will only conduct during half (180 degrees) of the signal waveform. To amplify the complete signal, one transistor is used to conduct for positive output signal and the another for the negative output. Efficiency is improved over the “Class A” Amplifier, yet still retains high distortion due to a transition point where the two transistors are turned on to off. Class C: Switching amplifiers, with transistors on for less than a half cycle and are required for short pulses, a trigger. “Class C” amplifiers are very efficient as the transistors are off most of the time and when on, they are in full conduction. They deliver high distortion for use in filtration, often in RF circuits, where tuning circuits can restore the original signal and reduce distortion. Class D: Producing an output of a switching waveform, at high frequency, the low-pass filtered, average value of this waveform contours to the actual required audio waveform producing a highly efficient amplifier by capitalising on the component characteristics, such as the low resolve of the linear aspect of output transistors and ensuring switching is fully on or fully off, removing linear issues. Class G: Similar in design to “Class AB” amplifiers with an improvement in the use of two or more supply voltages. As a cascade of select voltages, low signal levels are comparable to the appropriate amplification voltage and proportionately increasing or decreasing as per the signal, maintaining optimum performance without inefficient loss of current, pronounced in other classes of amplifier. Class H: Modulation of supply voltages to the output devices of the amplifier, maintains a supportive mimic relationship to the signal waveform, never exceeding the signal swing. By reducing the dissipation across the output devices, the amplifier operates as an optimised “Class AB” efficiency irrespective of the output level. The key defining aspect of this amplifier is the predictive nature of the supply voltage and the excessive components to predict this.

Amplifier Classes

A

Class A: Simplest type of amplifier, whereby the output transistors conduct (without fully turning off) irrespective of the output waveform of the signal and is typically associated with high linearity and low efficiency. Class AB: Combining “Class A” and “Class B” amplifiers, results in a more efficient amplifier, yet requires further improvement to lower distortion by biasing both transistors so they conduct when the signal approaches zero. This improves the individual component amplifiers with smoother transistors transitions in “Class B”. The “Class A” element of a small signal, initiates both transistors, until a large signal is present, then return to the alternating transistors, commanding each half of the waveform. Class B: Output transistors will only conduct during half (180 degrees) of the signal waveform. To amplify the complete signal, one transistor is used to conduct for positive output signal and the another for the negative output. Efficiency is improved over the “Class A” Amplifier, yet still retains high distortion due to a transition point where the two transistors are turned on to off. Class C: Switching amplifiers, with transistors on for less than a half cycle and are required for short pulses, a trigger. “Class C” amplifiers are very efficient as the transistors are off most of the time and when on, they are in full conduction. They deliver high distortion for use in filtration, often in RF circuits, where tuning circuits can restore the original signal and reduce distortion. Class D: Producing an output of a switching waveform, at high frequency, the low-pass filtered, average value of this waveform contours to the actual required audio waveform producing a highly efficient amplifier by capitalising on the component characteristics, such as the low resolve of the linear aspect of output transistors and ensuring switching is fully on or fully off, removing linear issues. Class G: Similar in design to “Class AB” amplifiers with an improvement in the use of two or more supply voltages. As a cascade of select voltages, low signal levels are comparable to the appropriate amplification voltage and proportionately increasing or decreasing as per the signal, maintaining optimum performance without inefficient loss of current, pronounced in other classes of amplifier. Class H: Modulation of supply voltages to the output devices of the amplifier, maintains a supportive mimic relationship to the signal waveform, never exceeding the signal swing. By reducing the dissipation across the output devices, the amplifier operates as an optimised “Class AB” efficiency irrespective of the output level. The key defining aspect of this amplifier is the predictive nature of the supply voltage and the excessive components to predict this.

Amplifier Classes

A

Class A: Simplest type of amplifier, whereby the output transistors conduct (without fully turning off) irrespective of the output waveform of the signal and is typically associated with high linearity and low efficiency. Class AB: Combining “Class A” and “Class B” amplifiers, results in a more efficient amplifier, yet requires further improvement to lower distortion by biasing both transistors so they conduct when the signal approaches zero. This improves the individual component amplifiers with smoother transistors transitions in “Class B”. The “Class A” element of a small signal, initiates both transistors, until a large signal is present, then return to the alternating transistors, commanding each half of the waveform. Class B: Output transistors will only conduct during half (180 degrees) of the signal waveform. To amplify the complete signal, one transistor is used to conduct for positive output signal and the another for the negative output. Efficiency is improved over the “Class A” Amplifier, yet still retains high distortion due to a transition point where the two transistors are turned on to off. Class C: Switching amplifiers, with transistors on for less than a half cycle and are required for short pulses, a trigger. “Class C” amplifiers are very efficient as the transistors are off most of the time and when on, they are in full conduction. They deliver high distortion for use in filtration, often in RF circuits, where tuning circuits can restore the original signal and reduce distortion. Class D: Producing an output of a switching waveform, at high frequency, the low-pass filtered, average value of this waveform contours to the actual required audio waveform producing a highly efficient amplifier by capitalising on the component characteristics, such as the low resolve of the linear aspect of output transistors and ensuring switching is fully on or fully off, removing linear issues. Class G: Similar in design to “Class AB” amplifiers with an improvement in the use of two or more supply voltages. As a cascade of select voltages, low signal levels are comparable to the appropriate amplification voltage and proportionately increasing or decreasing as per the signal, maintaining optimum performance without inefficient loss of current, pronounced in other classes of amplifier. Class H: Modulation of supply voltages to the output devices of the amplifier, maintains a supportive mimic relationship to the signal waveform, never exceeding the signal swing. By reducing the dissipation across the output devices, the amplifier operates as an optimised “Class AB” efficiency irrespective of the output level. The key defining aspect of this amplifier is the predictive nature of the supply voltage and the excessive components to predict this.

Amplifier Classes

A

Class A: Simplest type of amplifier, whereby the output transistors conduct (without fully turning off) irrespective of the output waveform of the signal and is typically associated with high linearity and low efficiency. Class AB: Combining “Class A” and “Class B” amplifiers, results in a more efficient amplifier, yet requires further improvement to lower distortion by biasing both transistors so they conduct when the signal approaches zero. This improves the individual component amplifiers with smoother transistors transitions in “Class B”. The “Class A” element of a small signal, initiates both transistors, until a large signal is present, then return to the alternating transistors, commanding each half of the waveform. Class B: Output transistors will only conduct during half (180 degrees) of the signal waveform. To amplify the complete signal, one transistor is used to conduct for positive output signal and the another for the negative output. Efficiency is improved over the “Class A” Amplifier, yet still retains high distortion due to a transition point where the two transistors are turned on to off. Class C: Switching amplifiers, with transistors on for less than a half cycle and are required for short pulses, a trigger. “Class C” amplifiers are very efficient as the transistors are off most of the time and when on, they are in full conduction. They deliver high distortion for use in filtration, often in RF circuits, where tuning circuits can restore the original signal and reduce distortion. Class D: Producing an output of a switching waveform, at high frequency, the low-pass filtered, average value of this waveform contours to the actual required audio waveform producing a highly efficient amplifier by capitalising on the component characteristics, such as the low resolve of the linear aspect of output transistors and ensuring switching is fully on or fully off, removing linear issues. Class G: Similar in design to “Class AB” amplifiers with an improvement in the use of two or more supply voltages. As a cascade of select voltages, low signal levels are comparable to the appropriate amplification voltage and proportionately increasing or decreasing as per the signal, maintaining optimum performance without inefficient loss of current, pronounced in other classes of amplifier. Class H: Modulation of supply voltages to the output devices of the amplifier, maintains a supportive mimic relationship to the signal waveform, never exceeding the signal swing. By reducing the dissipation across the output devices, the amplifier operates as an optimised “Class AB” efficiency irrespective of the output level. The key defining aspect of this amplifier is the predictive nature of the supply voltage and the excessive components to predict this.

Amplitude Modulation

A

Method of transmitting information via a radio carrier wave by the amplitude (signal strength) of the carrier wave being varied in proportion to the waveform being transmitted. Invented by Reginald Fessenden, 1900

Amplitude Modulation

A

Method of transmitting information via a radio carrier wave by the amplitude (signal strength) of the carrier wave being varied in proportion to the waveform being transmitted. Invented by Reginald Fessenden, 1900

Amplitude Modulation

A

Method of transmitting information via a radio carrier wave by the amplitude (signal strength) of the carrier wave being varied in proportion to the waveform being transmitted. Invented by Reginald Fessenden, 1900

Amplitude Modulation

A

Method of transmitting information via a radio carrier wave by the amplitude (signal strength) of the carrier wave being varied in proportion to the waveform being transmitted. Invented by Reginald Fessenden, 1900

Amplitude Modulation

A

Method of transmitting information via a radio carrier wave by the amplitude (signal strength) of the carrier wave being varied in proportion to the waveform being transmitted. Invented by Reginald Fessenden, 1900

Analogue

A

Refers to signals, circuits and systems that are natural and not digitally translated as in speech or the amplification of waveforms from past radio or television transmissions.

Analogue

A

Refers to signals, circuits and systems that are natural and not digitally translated as in speech or the amplification of waveforms from past radio or television transmissions.

Analogue

A

Refers to signals, circuits and systems that are natural and not digitally translated as in speech or the amplification of waveforms from past radio or television transmissions.

Analogue

A

Refers to signals, circuits and systems that are natural and not digitally translated as in speech or the amplification of waveforms from past radio or television transmissions.

Analogue

A

Refers to signals, circuits and systems that are natural and not digitally translated as in speech or the amplification of waveforms from past radio or television transmissions.

Analogue Front End

A

Analogue portion of a circuit which precedes A/D conversion.

Analogue Front End

A

Analogue portion of a circuit which precedes A/D conversion.

Analogue Front End

A

Analogue portion of a circuit which precedes A/D conversion.

Analogue Front End

A

Analogue portion of a circuit which precedes A/D conversion.

Analogue Front End

A

Analogue portion of a circuit which precedes A/D conversion.

Angstrom

A

1 Å = 10-10 m = 0.1 nm = 100pm

Angstrom

A

1 Å = 10-10 m = 0.1 nm = 100pm

Angstrom

A

1 Å = 10-10 m = 0.1 nm = 100pm

Angstrom

A

1 Å = 10-10 m = 0.1 nm = 100pm

Angstrom

A

1 Å = 10-10 m = 0.1 nm = 100pm

Annular Ring

A

Conductive material surrounding a hole drilled in a printed circuit board, used for pads, vias and mounting holes. Invented by Paul Eisler, 1943

Annular Ring

A

Conductive material surrounding a hole drilled in a printed circuit board, used for pads, vias and mounting holes. Invented by Paul Eisler, 1943

Annular Ring

A

Conductive material surrounding a hole drilled in a printed circuit board, used for pads, vias and mounting holes. Invented by Paul Eisler, 1943

Annular Ring

A

Conductive material surrounding a hole drilled in a printed circuit board, used for pads, vias and mounting holes. Invented by Paul Eisler, 1943

Annular Ring

A

Conductive material surrounding a hole drilled in a printed circuit board, used for pads, vias and mounting holes. Invented by Paul Eisler, 1943

ANSI Code

A

Microsoft Windows Characters that are native and non-Unicode. ANSI Windows code pages were based on drafts, intended for ANSI (American National Standards Institute), yet labelled by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority and denoted as “Windows-number”.

ANSI Code

A

Microsoft Windows Characters that are native and non-Unicode. ANSI Windows code pages were based on drafts, intended for ANSI (American National Standards Institute), yet labelled by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority and denoted as “Windows-number”.

ANSI Code

A

Microsoft Windows Characters that are native and non-Unicode. ANSI Windows code pages were based on drafts, intended for ANSI (American National Standards Institute), yet labelled by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority and denoted as “Windows-number”.

ANSI Code

A

Microsoft Windows Characters that are native and non-Unicode. ANSI Windows code pages were based on drafts, intended for ANSI (American National Standards Institute), yet labelled by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority and denoted as “Windows-number”.

ANSI Code

A

Microsoft Windows Characters that are native and non-Unicode. ANSI Windows code pages were based on drafts, intended for ANSI (American National Standards Institute), yet labelled by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority and denoted as “Windows-number”.

Anti-aliasing

A

A/D conversion, uses a low-pass filter to remove signal components above the Nyquist frequency by anti-aliasing (eliminating) the sampled replicas (aliases) in the baseband.

Anti-aliasing

A

A/D conversion, uses a low-pass filter to remove signal components above the Nyquist frequency by anti-aliasing (eliminating) the sampled replicas (aliases) in the baseband.

Anti-aliasing

A

A/D conversion, uses a low-pass filter to remove signal components above the Nyquist frequency by anti-aliasing (eliminating) the sampled replicas (aliases) in the baseband.

Anti-aliasing

A

A/D conversion, uses a low-pass filter to remove signal components above the Nyquist frequency by anti-aliasing (eliminating) the sampled replicas (aliases) in the baseband.

Anti-aliasing

A

A/D conversion, uses a low-pass filter to remove signal components above the Nyquist frequency by anti-aliasing (eliminating) the sampled replicas (aliases) in the baseband.

Apparent Power

A

Product of voltage times current in a circuit containing reactances and measured in volt-amps (VA). Practical loads have resistance, inductance, and capacitance, so both active and reactive power will flow to real loads. Apparent power is the magnitude of the vector sum of active and reactive power, which is the product of the root-mean-square of voltage and current. Discovered by Paul Boucherot, 1820

Apparent Power

A

Product of voltage times current in a circuit containing reactances and measured in volt-amps (VA). Practical loads have resistance, inductance, and capacitance, so both active and reactive power will flow to real loads. Apparent power is the magnitude of the vector sum of active and reactive power, which is the product of the root-mean-square of voltage and current. Discovered by Paul Boucherot, 1820

Apparent Power

A

Product of voltage times current in a circuit containing reactances and measured in volt-amps (VA). Practical loads have resistance, inductance, and capacitance, so both active and reactive power will flow to real loads. Apparent power is the magnitude of the vector sum of active and reactive power, which is the product of the root-mean-square of voltage and current. Discovered by Paul Boucherot, 1820

Apparent Power

A

Product of voltage times current in a circuit containing reactances and measured in volt-amps (VA). Practical loads have resistance, inductance, and capacitance, so both active and reactive power will flow to real loads. Apparent power is the magnitude of the vector sum of active and reactive power, which is the product of the root-mean-square of voltage and current. Discovered by Paul Boucherot, 1820

Apparent Power

A

Product of voltage times current in a circuit containing reactances and measured in volt-amps (VA). Practical loads have resistance, inductance, and capacitance, so both active and reactive power will flow to real loads. Apparent power is the magnitude of the vector sum of active and reactive power, which is the product of the root-mean-square of voltage and current. Discovered by Paul Boucherot, 1820

ASCII Code

A

American Standard Codes for Information Interchange. Principally developed as a telegraph code, a commercial seven-bit teleprinter code, then remodelled as the ASCII standard in 1960, with the American Standards Association, which is now the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) X3.2 subcommittee. First edition published in 1963, with major revisions during 1967, and maintains the latest revision from 1986. Originally based on English, ASCII encodes 128 specified characters into seven-bit integers as shown by the ASCII chart with ninety-five (printable) encoded characters: digits 0 to 9, lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, punctuation symbols, and 33 non-printing control codes.

ASCII Code

A

American Standard Codes for Information Interchange. Principally developed as a telegraph code, a commercial seven-bit teleprinter code, then remodelled as the ASCII standard in 1960, with the American Standards Association, which is now the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) X3.2 subcommittee. First edition published in 1963, with major revisions during 1967, and maintains the latest revision from 1986. Originally based on English, ASCII encodes 128 specified characters into seven-bit integers as shown by the ASCII chart with ninety-five (printable) encoded characters: digits 0 to 9, lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, punctuation symbols, and 33 non-printing control codes.

ASCII Code

A

American Standard Codes for Information Interchange. Principally developed as a telegraph code, a commercial seven-bit teleprinter code, then remodelled as the ASCII standard in 1960, with the American Standards Association, which is now the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) X3.2 subcommittee. First edition published in 1963, with major revisions during 1967, and maintains the latest revision from 1986. Originally based on English, ASCII encodes 128 specified characters into seven-bit integers as shown by the ASCII chart with ninety-five (printable) encoded characters: digits 0 to 9, lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, punctuation symbols, and 33 non-printing control codes.

ASCII Code

A

American Standard Codes for Information Interchange. Principally developed as a telegraph code, a commercial seven-bit teleprinter code, then remodelled as the ASCII standard in 1960, with the American Standards Association, which is now the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) X3.2 subcommittee. First edition published in 1963, with major revisions during 1967, and maintains the latest revision from 1986. Originally based on English, ASCII encodes 128 specified characters into seven-bit integers as shown by the ASCII chart with ninety-five (printable) encoded characters: digits 0 to 9, lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, punctuation symbols, and 33 non-printing control codes.

ASCII Code

A

American Standard Codes for Information Interchange. Principally developed as a telegraph code, a commercial seven-bit teleprinter code, then remodelled as the ASCII standard in 1960, with the American Standards Association, which is now the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) X3.2 subcommittee. First edition published in 1963, with major revisions during 1967, and maintains the latest revision from 1986. Originally based on English, ASCII encodes 128 specified characters into seven-bit integers as shown by the ASCII chart with ninety-five (printable) encoded characters: digits 0 to 9, lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, punctuation symbols, and 33 non-printing control codes.

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

A

When enabling internet over existing telephone lines, an ADSL modem with a filter will split frequencies to allows for a single telephone to be used for an internet connection and voice calls, at the same time. The bandwidth of a telephone line is divided into 26.075 kHz to 137.825 kHz for upstream communication and 138 kHz to 1,104 kHz, for downstream communications of ADSL and ADSL 2. The current ADSL 2+ connection has an extended bandwidth of 138 kHz to 2,208 kHz. ADSL: ITU G.992.1 standard for Broadband Internet with an Upstream Rate of 1.0 Mbits/s and Downstream Rate of up to 8.0 Mbits/s. ADSL 2: ITU G.992.3 standard for Broadband Internet with an Upstream Rate of 1.3 Mbits/s and Downstream Rate of up to 12.0 Mbits/s. ADSL 2+: ITU G.992.5 standard for Broadband Internet with an Upstream Rate of 1.4 Mbits/s and Downstream Rate of up to 24.0 Mbits/s.

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

A

When enabling internet over existing telephone lines, an ADSL modem with a filter will split frequencies to allows for a single telephone to be used for an internet connection and voice calls, at the same time. The bandwidth of a telephone line is divided into 26.075 kHz to 137.825 kHz for upstream communication and 138 kHz to 1,104 kHz, for downstream communications of ADSL and ADSL 2. The current ADSL 2+ connection has an extended bandwidth of 138 kHz to 2,208 kHz. ADSL: ITU G.992.1 standard for Broadband Internet with an Upstream Rate of 1.0 Mbits/s and Downstream Rate of up to 8.0 Mbits/s. ADSL 2: ITU G.992.3 standard for Broadband Internet with an Upstream Rate of 1.3 Mbits/s and Downstream Rate of up to 12.0 Mbits/s. ADSL 2+: ITU G.992.5 standard for Broadband Internet with an Upstream Rate of 1.4 Mbits/s and Downstream Rate of up to 24.0 Mbits/s.

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

A

When enabling internet over existing telephone lines, an ADSL modem with a filter will split frequencies to allows for a single telephone to be used for an internet connection and voice calls, at the same time. The bandwidth of a telephone line is divided into 26.075 kHz to 137.825 kHz for upstream communication and 138 kHz to 1,104 kHz, for downstream communications of ADSL and ADSL 2. The current ADSL 2+ connection has an extended bandwidth of 138 kHz to 2,208 kHz. ADSL: ITU G.992.1 standard for Broadband Internet with an Upstream Rate of 1.0 Mbits/s and Downstream Rate of up to 8.0 Mbits/s. ADSL 2: ITU G.992.3 standard for Broadband Internet with an Upstream Rate of 1.3 Mbits/s and Downstream Rate of up to 12.0 Mbits/s. ADSL 2+: ITU G.992.5 standard for Broadband Internet with an Upstream Rate of 1.4 Mbits/s and Downstream Rate of up to 24.0 Mbits/s.

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

A

When enabling internet over existing telephone lines, an ADSL modem with a filter will split frequencies to allows for a single telephone to be used for an internet connection and voice calls, at the same time. The bandwidth of a telephone line is divided into 26.075 kHz to 137.825 kHz for upstream communication and 138 kHz to 1,104 kHz, for downstream communications of ADSL and ADSL 2. The current ADSL 2+ connection has an extended bandwidth of 138 kHz to 2,208 kHz. ADSL: ITU G.992.1 standard for Broadband Internet with an Upstream Rate of 1.0 Mbits/s and Downstream Rate of up to 8.0 Mbits/s. ADSL 2: ITU G.992.3 standard for Broadband Internet with an Upstream Rate of 1.3 Mbits/s and Downstream Rate of up to 12.0 Mbits/s. ADSL 2+: ITU G.992.5 standard for Broadband Internet with an Upstream Rate of 1.4 Mbits/s and Downstream Rate of up to 24.0 Mbits/s.

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

A

When enabling internet over existing telephone lines, an ADSL modem with a filter will split frequencies to allows for a single telephone to be used for an internet connection and voice calls, at the same time. The bandwidth of a telephone line is divided into 26.075 kHz to 137.825 kHz for upstream communication and 138 kHz to 1,104 kHz, for downstream communications of ADSL and ADSL 2. The current ADSL 2+ connection has an extended bandwidth of 138 kHz to 2,208 kHz. ADSL: ITU G.992.1 standard for Broadband Internet with an Upstream Rate of 1.0 Mbits/s and Downstream Rate of up to 8.0 Mbits/s. ADSL 2: ITU G.992.3 standard for Broadband Internet with an Upstream Rate of 1.3 Mbits/s and Downstream Rate of up to 12.0 Mbits/s. ADSL 2+: ITU G.992.5 standard for Broadband Internet with an Upstream Rate of 1.4 Mbits/s and Downstream Rate of up to 24.0 Mbits/s.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode Management

A

Standard for the carriage of a complete range of voice, data, and video signals” and was developed to unify telecommunication and computer networks and to handle high-throughput data traffic and real-time, voice and video. The reference model maps to the three lowest layers of the ISO-OSI reference model: network layer, data link layer, and physical layer and is the core protocol used for public switched telephone network (PSTN) and Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), but will be replaced in favour of all IP. ATM uses asynchronous time-division multiplexing, and encodes data into small, “fixed”-sized packets (ISO-OSI frames) called cells, whereas the Internet Protocol (Ethernet) uses “variable”-sized packets and frames.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode Management

A

Standard for the carriage of a complete range of voice, data, and video signals” and was developed to unify telecommunication and computer networks and to handle high-throughput data traffic and real-time, voice and video. The reference model maps to the three lowest layers of the ISO-OSI reference model: network layer, data link layer, and physical layer and is the core protocol used for public switched telephone network (PSTN) and Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), but will be replaced in favour of all IP. ATM uses asynchronous time-division multiplexing, and encodes data into small, “fixed”-sized packets (ISO-OSI frames) called cells, whereas the Internet Protocol (Ethernet) uses “variable”-sized packets and frames.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode Management

A

Standard for the carriage of a complete range of voice, data, and video signals” and was developed to unify telecommunication and computer networks and to handle high-throughput data traffic and real-time, voice and video. The reference model maps to the three lowest layers of the ISO-OSI reference model: network layer, data link layer, and physical layer and is the core protocol used for public switched telephone network (PSTN) and Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), but will be replaced in favour of all IP. ATM uses asynchronous time-division multiplexing, and encodes data into small, “fixed”-sized packets (ISO-OSI frames) called cells, whereas the Internet Protocol (Ethernet) uses “variable”-sized packets and frames.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode Management

A

Standard for the carriage of a complete range of voice, data, and video signals” and was developed to unify telecommunication and computer networks and to handle high-throughput data traffic and real-time, voice and video. The reference model maps to the three lowest layers of the ISO-OSI reference model: network layer, data link layer, and physical layer and is the core protocol used for public switched telephone network (PSTN) and Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), but will be replaced in favour of all IP. ATM uses asynchronous time-division multiplexing, and encodes data into small, “fixed”-sized packets (ISO-OSI frames) called cells, whereas the Internet Protocol (Ethernet) uses “variable”-sized packets and frames.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode Management

A

Standard for the carriage of a complete range of voice, data, and video signals” and was developed to unify telecommunication and computer networks and to handle high-throughput data traffic and real-time, voice and video. The reference model maps to the three lowest layers of the ISO-OSI reference model: network layer, data link layer, and physical layer and is the core protocol used for public switched telephone network (PSTN) and Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), but will be replaced in favour of all IP. ATM uses asynchronous time-division multiplexing, and encodes data into small, “fixed”-sized packets (ISO-OSI frames) called cells, whereas the Internet Protocol (Ethernet) uses “variable”-sized packets and frames.

Automatic Gain Control

A

Circuit that modulates an amplifier’s gain, in response to the relative strength of the input signal, in order to maintain the output power.

Automatic Gain Control

A

Circuit that modulates an amplifier’s gain, in response to the relative strength of the input signal, in order to maintain the output power.

Automatic Gain Control

A

Circuit that modulates an amplifier’s gain, in response to the relative strength of the input signal, in order to maintain the output power.

Automatic Gain Control

A

Circuit that modulates an amplifier’s gain, in response to the relative strength of the input signal, in order to maintain the output power.

Automatic Gain Control

A

Circuit that modulates an amplifier’s gain, in response to the relative strength of the input signal, in order to maintain the output power.

Automatic Power Control Institute

A

Pre-amplification of output waveforms in power and audio systems are monitored to identify overmodulation and to reduce the amplification of that signal to a previously sampled approximation to maintain a constant output.

Automatic Power Control Institute

A

Pre-amplification of output waveforms in power and audio systems are monitored to identify overmodulation and to reduce the amplification of that signal to a previously sampled approximation to maintain a constant output.

Automatic Power Control Institute

A

Pre-amplification of output waveforms in power and audio systems are monitored to identify overmodulation and to reduce the amplification of that signal to a previously sampled approximation to maintain a constant output.

Automatic Power Control Institute

A

Pre-amplification of output waveforms in power and audio systems are monitored to identify overmodulation and to reduce the amplification of that signal to a previously sampled approximation to maintain a constant output.

Automatic Power Control Institute

A

Pre-amplification of output waveforms in power and audio systems are monitored to identify overmodulation and to reduce the amplification of that signal to a previously sampled approximation to maintain a constant output.

Avalanche Photo Diode

A

Designed to take advantage of avalanche multiplication of photocurrents to provide gain. As reverse-bias voltage approaches the break-down voltage, hole-electron pairs are created by absorbed photons, acquiring sufficient energy to create additional hole-electron pairs when they collide with ions, effectively amplifying the signal.

Avalanche Photo Diode

A

Designed to take advantage of avalanche multiplication of photocurrents to provide gain. As reverse-bias voltage approaches the break-down voltage, hole-electron pairs are created by absorbed photons, acquiring sufficient energy to create additional hole-electron pairs when they collide with ions, effectively amplifying the signal.

Avalanche Photo Diode

A

Designed to take advantage of avalanche multiplication of photocurrents to provide gain. As reverse-bias voltage approaches the break-down voltage, hole-electron pairs are created by absorbed photons, acquiring sufficient energy to create additional hole-electron pairs when they collide with ions, effectively amplifying the signal.

Avalanche Photo Diode

A

Designed to take advantage of avalanche multiplication of photocurrents to provide gain. As reverse-bias voltage approaches the break-down voltage, hole-electron pairs are created by absorbed photons, acquiring sufficient energy to create additional hole-electron pairs when they collide with ions, effectively amplifying the signal.

Avalanche Photo Diode

A

Designed to take advantage of avalanche multiplication of photocurrents to provide gain. As reverse-bias voltage approaches the break-down voltage, hole-electron pairs are created by absorbed photons, acquiring sufficient energy to create additional hole-electron pairs when they collide with ions, effectively amplifying the signal.

	B
	A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # Ω

	B
	A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # Ω

	B
	A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # Ω

	B
	A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # Ω

B

B Field

B

B, is the symbol for magnetic flux density (magnetic field), as in “B-field” is defined by the direction and magnitude (strength), and is represented as a vector field. There are two distinct fields denoted by the symbols B and H, where H is measured in units of amperes per meter (A⋅m−1) and B (SI Measure) in teslas (T) and newtons per meter per ampere (N⋅m−1⋅A−1) and is commonly defined in terms of the Lorentz force it exerts on moving electric charges.

B Field

B

B, is the symbol for magnetic flux density (magnetic field), as in “B-field” is defined by the direction and magnitude (strength), and is represented as a vector field. There are two distinct fields denoted by the symbols B and H, where H is measured in units of amperes per meter (A⋅m−1) and B (SI Measure) in teslas (T) and newtons per meter per ampere (N⋅m−1⋅A−1) and is commonly defined in terms of the Lorentz force it exerts on moving electric charges.

B Field

B

B, is the symbol for magnetic flux density (magnetic field), as in “B-field” is defined by the direction and magnitude (strength), and is represented as a vector field. There are two distinct fields denoted by the symbols B and H, where H is measured in units of amperes per meter (A⋅m−1) and B (SI Measure) in teslas (T) and newtons per meter per ampere (N⋅m−1⋅A−1) and is commonly defined in terms of the Lorentz force it exerts on moving electric charges.

B Field

B

B, is the symbol for magnetic flux density (magnetic field), as in “B-field” is defined by the direction and magnitude (strength), and is represented as a vector field. There are two distinct fields denoted by the symbols B and H, where H is measured in units of amperes per meter (A⋅m−1) and B (SI Measure) in teslas (T) and newtons per meter per ampere (N⋅m−1⋅A−1) and is commonly defined in terms of the Lorentz force it exerts on moving electric charges.

B Field

B

B, is the symbol for magnetic flux density (magnetic field), as in “B-field” is defined by the direction and magnitude (strength), and is represented as a vector field. There are two distinct fields denoted by the symbols B and H, where H is measured in units of amperes per meter (A⋅m−1) and B (SI Measure) in teslas (T) and newtons per meter per ampere (N⋅m−1⋅A−1) and is commonly defined in terms of the Lorentz force it exerts on moving electric charges.

Bandwidth

B

Continuous set of peak frequencies that range between upper and lower frequencies, measured in hertz, and may be referred to as the passband bandwidth: differential between the peak upper and lower frequencies of a band-pass filter, a communication channel, or a signal spectrum. A low-pass filter or baseband signal is where the bandwidth is equal to its highest upper frequency. There are two distinct fields denoted by the symbols B and H, where H is measured in units of amperes per meter (A⋅m−1) and B (SI Measure) in teslas (T) and newtons per meter per ampere (N⋅m−1⋅A−1) and is commonly defined in terms of the Lorentz force it exerts on moving electric charges.

Bandwidth

B

Continuous set of peak frequencies that range between upper and lower frequencies, measured in hertz, and may be referred to as the passband bandwidth: differential between the peak upper and lower frequencies of a band-pass filter, a communication channel, or a signal spectrum. A low-pass filter or baseband signal is where the bandwidth is equal to its highest upper frequency. There are two distinct fields denoted by the symbols B and H, where H is measured in units of amperes per meter (A⋅m−1) and B (SI Measure) in teslas (T) and newtons per meter per ampere (N⋅m−1⋅A−1) and is commonly defined in terms of the Lorentz force it exerts on moving electric charges.

Bandwidth

B

Continuous set of peak frequencies that range between upper and lower frequencies, measured in hertz, and may be referred to as the passband bandwidth: differential between the peak upper and lower frequencies of a band-pass filter, a communication channel, or a signal spectrum. A low-pass filter or baseband signal is where the bandwidth is equal to its highest upper frequency. There are two distinct fields denoted by the symbols B and H, where H is measured in units of amperes per meter (A⋅m−1) and B (SI Measure) in teslas (T) and newtons per meter per ampere (N⋅m−1⋅A−1) and is commonly defined in terms of the Lorentz force it exerts on moving electric charges.

Bandwidth

B

Continuous set of peak frequencies that range between upper and lower frequencies, measured in hertz, and may be referred to as the passband bandwidth: differential between the peak upper and lower frequencies of a band-pass filter, a communication channel, or a signal spectrum. A low-pass filter or baseband signal is where the bandwidth is equal to its highest upper frequency. There are two distinct fields denoted by the symbols B and H, where H is measured in units of amperes per meter (A⋅m−1) and B (SI Measure) in teslas (T) and newtons per meter per ampere (N⋅m−1⋅A−1) and is commonly defined in terms of the Lorentz force it exerts on moving electric charges.

Bandwidth

B

Continuous set of peak frequencies that range between upper and lower frequencies, measured in hertz, and may be referred to as the passband bandwidth: differential between the peak upper and lower frequencies of a band-pass filter, a communication channel, or a signal spectrum. A low-pass filter or baseband signal is where the bandwidth is equal to its highest upper frequency. There are two distinct fields denoted by the symbols B and H, where H is measured in units of amperes per meter (A⋅m−1) and B (SI Measure) in teslas (T) and newtons per meter per ampere (N⋅m−1⋅A−1) and is commonly defined in terms of the Lorentz force it exerts on moving electric charges.

Battery Backup

B

Microprocessors supervisory circuits maintain power to safeguard volatile memory and when switching between power supplies, dependence on a fully charged backup battery can be the only solution to storing operational variables and constants that would otherwise be lost. When problems occur, it is generally a result of component failure due to age or transient events that also effect backup batteries. Always replace batteries before retrieving data.

Battery Backup

B

Microprocessors supervisory circuits maintain power to safeguard volatile memory and when switching between power supplies, dependence on a fully charged backup battery can be the only solution to storing operational variables and constants that would otherwise be lost. When problems occur, it is generally a result of component failure due to age or transient events that also effect backup batteries. Always replace batteries before retrieving data.

Battery Backup

B

Microprocessors supervisory circuits maintain power to safeguard volatile memory and when switching between power supplies, dependence on a fully charged backup battery can be the only solution to storing operational variables and constants that would otherwise be lost. When problems occur, it is generally a result of component failure due to age or transient events that also effect backup batteries. Always replace batteries before retrieving data.

Battery Backup

B

Microprocessors supervisory circuits maintain power to safeguard volatile memory and when switching between power supplies, dependence on a fully charged backup battery can be the only solution to storing operational variables and constants that would otherwise be lost. When problems occur, it is generally a result of component failure due to age or transient events that also effect backup batteries. Always replace batteries before retrieving data.

Battery Backup

B

Microprocessors supervisory circuits maintain power to safeguard volatile memory and when switching between power supplies, dependence on a fully charged backup battery can be the only solution to storing operational variables and constants that would otherwise be lost. When problems occur, it is generally a result of component failure due to age or transient events that also effect backup batteries. Always replace batteries before retrieving data.

Battery Seal

B

Modern microprocessors are equipped with battery implementation systems within supervisory circuits that disconnects a backup battery from any down-stream circuitry until power is applied the first time, preserving battery life.

Battery Seal

B

Modern microprocessors are equipped with battery implementation systems within supervisory circuits that disconnects a backup battery from any down-stream circuitry until power is applied the first time, preserving battery life.

Battery Seal

B

Modern microprocessors are equipped with battery implementation systems within supervisory circuits that disconnects a backup battery from any down-stream circuitry until power is applied the first time, preserving battery life.

Battery Seal

B

Modern microprocessors are equipped with battery implementation systems within supervisory circuits that disconnects a backup battery from any down-stream circuitry until power is applied the first time, preserving battery life.

Battery Seal

B

Modern microprocessors are equipped with battery implementation systems within supervisory circuits that disconnects a backup battery from any down-stream circuitry until power is applied the first time, preserving battery life.

Becquerel

B

	Becquerel, Bq SI Derived Unit
	Activity re Radionuclide SI Derived Quantity
	s-1 SI Base Expression
	This unit is defined as the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per second and is equivalent to an inverse second, s−1. Named after Antoine Henri Becquerel

Becquerel

B

	Becquerel, Bq SI Derived Unit
	Activity re Radionuclide SI Derived Quantity
	s-1 SI Base Expression
	This unit is defined as the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per second and is equivalent to an inverse second, s−1. Named after Antoine Henri Becquerel

Becquerel

B

	Becquerel, Bq SI Derived Unit
	Activity re Radionuclide SI Derived Quantity
	s-1 SI Base Expression
	This unit is defined as the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per second and is equivalent to an inverse second, s−1. Named after Antoine Henri Becquerel

Becquerel

B

	Becquerel, Bq SI Derived Unit
	Activity re Radionuclide SI Derived Quantity
	s-1 SI Base Expression
	This unit is defined as the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per second and is equivalent to an inverse second, s−1. Named after Antoine Henri Becquerel

Becquerel

B

	Becquerel, Bq SI Derived Unit
	Activity re Radionuclide SI Derived Quantity
	s-1 SI Base Expression
	This unit is defined as the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per second and is equivalent to an inverse second, s−1. Named after Antoine Henri Becquerel

Bias

B

Method of fixing voltage or current at particular points throughout an electronic circuit, providing known operating conditions within electronic components.

Bias

B

Method of fixing voltage or current at particular points throughout an electronic circuit, providing known operating conditions within electronic components.

Bias

B

Method of fixing voltage or current at particular points throughout an electronic circuit, providing known operating conditions within electronic components.

Bias

B

Method of fixing voltage or current at particular points throughout an electronic circuit, providing known operating conditions within electronic components.

Bias

B

Method of fixing voltage or current at particular points throughout an electronic circuit, providing known operating conditions within electronic components.

Binary

B

Numbers expressed as a base-2 numeral system of two different symbols, 0 and 1. In digital electronic circuitry, the state of a switch may be on or off and translates perfectly for logical gates and computer-based devices. Discovered by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, 1701

Binary

B

Numbers expressed as a base-2 numeral system of two different symbols, 0 and 1. In digital electronic circuitry, the state of a switch may be on or off and translates perfectly for logical gates and computer-based devices. Discovered by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, 1701

Binary

B

Numbers expressed as a base-2 numeral system of two different symbols, 0 and 1. In digital electronic circuitry, the state of a switch may be on or off and translates perfectly for logical gates and computer-based devices. Discovered by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, 1701

Binary

B

Numbers expressed as a base-2 numeral system of two different symbols, 0 and 1. In digital electronic circuitry, the state of a switch may be on or off and translates perfectly for logical gates and computer-based devices. Discovered by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, 1701

Binary

B

Numbers expressed as a base-2 numeral system of two different symbols, 0 and 1. In digital electronic circuitry, the state of a switch may be on or off and translates perfectly for logical gates and computer-based devices. Discovered by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, 1701

Binary Coded Decimal

B

Binary representation of a decimal number. Each decimal digit (0-9) is encoded in binary using four bits per decimal digit. This BCD value of 0101 1000 is 58 in decimal. Discovered by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, 1701

Binary Coded Decimal

B

Binary representation of a decimal number. Each decimal digit (0-9) is encoded in binary using four bits per decimal digit. This BCD value of 0101 1000 is 58 in decimal. Discovered by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, 1701

Binary Coded Decimal

B

Binary representation of a decimal number. Each decimal digit (0-9) is encoded in binary using four bits per decimal digit. This BCD value of 0101 1000 is 58 in decimal. Discovered by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, 1701

Binary Coded Decimal

B

Binary representation of a decimal number. Each decimal digit (0-9) is encoded in binary using four bits per decimal digit. This BCD value of 0101 1000 is 58 in decimal. Discovered by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, 1701

Binary Coded Decimal

B

Binary representation of a decimal number. Each decimal digit (0-9) is encoded in binary using four bits per decimal digit. This BCD value of 0101 1000 is 58 in decimal. Discovered by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, 1701

Bipolar

B

Components, circuits and devices, capable of using two polarizations, such as a transistor with positive and negative charge carriers or waveforms that oscillate between two polarities.

Bipolar

B

Components, circuits and devices, capable of using two polarizations, such as a transistor with positive and negative charge carriers or waveforms that oscillate between two polarities.

Bipolar

B

Components, circuits and devices, capable of using two polarizations, such as a transistor with positive and negative charge carriers or waveforms that oscillate between two polarities.

Bipolar

B

Components, circuits and devices, capable of using two polarizations, such as a transistor with positive and negative charge carriers or waveforms that oscillate between two polarities.

Bipolar

B

Components, circuits and devices, capable of using two polarizations, such as a transistor with positive and negative charge carriers or waveforms that oscillate between two polarities.

Bit

B

The symbol b, represents for the binary digits of 0 or 1, is the basic units of information in computing and digital communications. These two values can also be interpreted as logical values, true/false, yes/no, on/off or any other two-valued attribute. Invented by John Wilder Tukey, 1948

Bit

B

The symbol b, represents for the binary digits of 0 or 1, is the basic units of information in computing and digital communications. These two values can also be interpreted as logical values, true/false, yes/no, on/off or any other two-valued attribute. Invented by John Wilder Tukey, 1948

Bit

B

The symbol b, represents for the binary digits of 0 or 1, is the basic units of information in computing and digital communications. These two values can also be interpreted as logical values, true/false, yes/no, on/off or any other two-valued attribute. Invented by John Wilder Tukey, 1948

Bit

B

The symbol b, represents for the binary digits of 0 or 1, is the basic units of information in computing and digital communications. These two values can also be interpreted as logical values, true/false, yes/no, on/off or any other two-valued attribute. Invented by John Wilder Tukey, 1948

Bit

B

The symbol b, represents for the binary digits of 0 or 1, is the basic units of information in computing and digital communications. These two values can also be interpreted as logical values, true/false, yes/no, on/off or any other two-valued attribute. Invented by John Wilder Tukey, 1948

Bit Error Rate

B

Errors occur within data streams, generally as a result of interference or noise within the digital transmission. Expressed as a percentage or a ratio, the number of bit errors divided by the number of bits transferred during a specific time interval, is the measure of the bit error rate.

Bit Error Rate

B

Errors occur within data streams, generally as a result of interference or noise within the digital transmission. Expressed as a percentage or a ratio, the number of bit errors divided by the number of bits transferred during a specific time interval, is the measure of the bit error rate.

Bit Error Rate

B

Errors occur within data streams, generally as a result of interference or noise within the digital transmission. Expressed as a percentage or a ratio, the number of bit errors divided by the number of bits transferred during a specific time interval, is the measure of the bit error rate.

Bit Error Rate

B

Errors occur within data streams, generally as a result of interference or noise within the digital transmission. Expressed as a percentage or a ratio, the number of bit errors divided by the number of bits transferred during a specific time interval, is the measure of the bit error rate.

Bit Error Rate

B

Errors occur within data streams, generally as a result of interference or noise within the digital transmission. Expressed as a percentage or a ratio, the number of bit errors divided by the number of bits transferred during a specific time interval, is the measure of the bit error rate.

Bit Oriented Code

B

Data that is analysed by a communications protocol that sees the transmitted data as an opaque stream of bits with no meaning and control codes are defined in terms of bit sequences instead of characters. The Bit Oriented Protocol transfers data frames regardless of frame contents, allowing data frames with an arbitrary number of bits and allows for character codes with an arbitrary number of bits per character.

Bit Oriented Code

B

Data that is analysed by a communications protocol that sees the transmitted data as an opaque stream of bits with no meaning and control codes are defined in terms of bit sequences instead of characters. The Bit Oriented Protocol transfers data frames regardless of frame contents, allowing data frames with an arbitrary number of bits and allows for character codes with an arbitrary number of bits per character.

Bit Oriented Code

B

Data that is analysed by a communications protocol that sees the transmitted data as an opaque stream of bits with no meaning and control codes are defined in terms of bit sequences instead of characters. The Bit Oriented Protocol transfers data frames regardless of frame contents, allowing data frames with an arbitrary number of bits and allows for character codes with an arbitrary number of bits per character.

Bit Oriented Code

B

Data that is analysed by a communications protocol that sees the transmitted data as an opaque stream of bits with no meaning and control codes are defined in terms of bit sequences instead of characters. The Bit Oriented Protocol transfers data frames regardless of frame contents, allowing data frames with an arbitrary number of bits and allows for character codes with an arbitrary number of bits per character.

Bit Oriented Code

B

Data that is analysed by a communications protocol that sees the transmitted data as an opaque stream of bits with no meaning and control codes are defined in terms of bit sequences instead of characters. The Bit Oriented Protocol transfers data frames regardless of frame contents, allowing data frames with an arbitrary number of bits and allows for character codes with an arbitrary number of bits per character.

Blade Server

B

Server chassis that holds a multitude of modular motherboards of which each, dedicated blade server is built with a standard footprint, optimised for applications, network activity, power consumption and temperature. These computer systems share a back plane to address maximum use of space for large-scale computing centres.

Blade Server

B

Server chassis that holds a multitude of modular motherboards of which each, dedicated blade server is built with a standard footprint, optimised for applications, network activity, power consumption and temperature. These computer systems share a back plane to address maximum use of space for large-scale computing centres.

Blade Server

B

Server chassis that holds a multitude of modular motherboards of which each, dedicated blade server is built with a standard footprint, optimised for applications, network activity, power consumption and temperature. These computer systems share a back plane to address maximum use of space for large-scale computing centres.

Blade Server

B

Server chassis that holds a multitude of modular motherboards of which each, dedicated blade server is built with a standard footprint, optimised for applications, network activity, power consumption and temperature. These computer systems share a back plane to address maximum use of space for large-scale computing centres.

Blade Server

B

Server chassis that holds a multitude of modular motherboards of which each, dedicated blade server is built with a standard footprint, optimised for applications, network activity, power consumption and temperature. These computer systems share a back plane to address maximum use of space for large-scale computing centres.

BlueTooth

B

Wireless devices capable of short range voice and data connections allow for mobile and stationary devices to communicate, via a profile, that the device must interpret settings to control communications from the start and with no line or device negotiation involved, communications become effective immediately. Comparison of Bluetooth Adapters starting with V1.0 & V1.1 with a data rate of 768 Kbit/s, V1.2 at 1Mbit/s, V2.0 at 3 Mbit/s, V3.0, V4.0, V4.1 at 24 Mbit/s and V4.2 at 60Mbits/s.

BlueTooth

B

Wireless devices capable of short range voice and data connections allow for mobile and stationary devices to communicate, via a profile, that the device must interpret settings to control communications from the start and with no line or device negotiation involved, communications become effective immediately. Comparison of Bluetooth Adapters starting with V1.0 & V1.1 with a data rate of 768 Kbit/s, V1.2 at 1Mbit/s, V2.0 at 3 Mbit/s, V3.0, V4.0, V4.1 at 24 Mbit/s and V4.2 at 60Mbits/s.

BlueTooth

B

Wireless devices capable of short range voice and data connections allow for mobile and stationary devices to communicate, via a profile, that the device must interpret settings to control communications from the start and with no line or device negotiation involved, communications become effective immediately. Comparison of Bluetooth Adapters starting with V1.0 & V1.1 with a data rate of 768 Kbit/s, V1.2 at 1Mbit/s, V2.0 at 3 Mbit/s, V3.0, V4.0, V4.1 at 24 Mbit/s and V4.2 at 60Mbits/s.

BlueTooth

B

Wireless devices capable of short range voice and data connections allow for mobile and stationary devices to communicate, via a profile, that the device must interpret settings to control communications from the start and with no line or device negotiation involved, communications become effective immediately. Comparison of Bluetooth Adapters starting with V1.0 & V1.1 with a data rate of 768 Kbit/s, V1.2 at 1Mbit/s, V2.0 at 3 Mbit/s, V3.0, V4.0, V4.1 at 24 Mbit/s and V4.2 at 60Mbits/s.

BlueTooth

B

Wireless devices capable of short range voice and data connections allow for mobile and stationary devices to communicate, via a profile, that the device must interpret settings to control communications from the start and with no line or device negotiation involved, communications become effective immediately. Comparison of Bluetooth Adapters starting with V1.0 & V1.1 with a data rate of 768 Kbit/s, V1.2 at 1Mbit/s, V2.0 at 3 Mbit/s, V3.0, V4.0, V4.1 at 24 Mbit/s and V4.2 at 60Mbits/s.

Boolean

B

Systems of logical thought benefit from a Boolean search of an “and” operator between two words such as, “apple” AND “orange”, resulting in searching for documents containing both words, not just one. With an “or” operator, “apple” OR “orange”) will result in documents containing either word. Logic, used to describe memory locations or states of a circuit that are charged (1) or not charged (0) and can use an AND gate or an OR gate. TRUTH TABLE (0) AND (0) = (0) OR (0) = (1) AND (0) = 0 (0) OR (1) = (1) AND (1) = (1) OR (1) = 1 Invented by George Boole, 1948

Boolean

B

Systems of logical thought benefit from a Boolean search of an “and” operator between two words such as, “apple” AND “orange”, resulting in searching for documents containing both words, not just one. With an “or” operator, “apple” OR “orange”) will result in documents containing either word. Logic, used to describe memory locations or states of a circuit that are charged (1) or not charged (0) and can use an AND gate or an OR gate. TRUTH TABLE (0) AND (0) = (0) OR (0) = (1) AND (0) = 0 (0) OR (1) = (1) AND (1) = (1) OR (1) = 1 Invented by George Boole, 1948

Boolean

B

Systems of logical thought benefit from a Boolean search of an “and” operator between two words such as, “apple” AND “orange”, resulting in searching for documents containing both words, not just one. With an “or” operator, “apple” OR “orange”) will result in documents containing either word. Logic, used to describe memory locations or states of a circuit that are charged (1) or not charged (0) and can use an AND gate or an OR gate. TRUTH TABLE (0) AND (0) = (0) OR (0) = (1) AND (0) = 0 (0) OR (1) = (1) AND (1) = (1) OR (1) = 1 Invented by George Boole, 1948

Boolean

B

Systems of logical thought benefit from a Boolean search of an “and” operator between two words such as, “apple” AND “orange”, resulting in searching for documents containing both words, not just one. With an “or” operator, “apple” OR “orange”) will result in documents containing either word. Logic, used to describe memory locations or states of a circuit that are charged (1) or not charged (0) and can use an AND gate or an OR gate. TRUTH TABLE (0) AND (0) = (0) OR (0) = (1) AND (0) = 0 (0) OR (1) = (1) AND (1) = (1) OR (1) = 1 Invented by George Boole, 1948

Boolean

B

Systems of logical thought benefit from a Boolean search of an “and” operator between two words such as, “apple” AND “orange”, resulting in searching for documents containing both words, not just one. With an “or” operator, “apple” OR “orange”) will result in documents containing either word. Logic, used to describe memory locations or states of a circuit that are charged (1) or not charged (0) and can use an AND gate or an OR gate. TRUTH TABLE (0) AND (0) = (0) OR (0) = (1) AND (0) = 0 (0) OR (1) = (1) AND (1) = (1) OR (1) = 1 Invented by George Boole, 1948

Bootstrap

B

Output of a step-up converter to drive a main power FET switch, providing more gate drive than the input can supply alone. It is also a circuit whereby part of the output of an amplifier stage is applied to the input, so as to alter the input impedance of the amplifier.

Bootstrap

B

Output of a step-up converter to drive a main power FET switch, providing more gate drive than the input can supply alone. It is also a circuit whereby part of the output of an amplifier stage is applied to the input, so as to alter the input impedance of the amplifier.

Bootstrap

B

Output of a step-up converter to drive a main power FET switch, providing more gate drive than the input can supply alone. It is also a circuit whereby part of the output of an amplifier stage is applied to the input, so as to alter the input impedance of the amplifier.

Bootstrap

B

Output of a step-up converter to drive a main power FET switch, providing more gate drive than the input can supply alone. It is also a circuit whereby part of the output of an amplifier stage is applied to the input, so as to alter the input impedance of the amplifier.

Bootstrap

B

Output of a step-up converter to drive a main power FET switch, providing more gate drive than the input can supply alone. It is also a circuit whereby part of the output of an amplifier stage is applied to the input, so as to alter the input impedance of the amplifier.

Break-Before-Make

B

Design of switches and relays that are required to break (open) one set of contacts before engaging (closing) another set, ensuring isolation of both signal paths.

Break-Before-Make

B

Design of switches and relays that are required to break (open) one set of contacts before engaging (closing) another set, ensuring isolation of both signal paths.

Break-Before-Make

B

Design of switches and relays that are required to break (open) one set of contacts before engaging (closing) another set, ensuring isolation of both signal paths.

Break-Before-Make

B

Design of switches and relays that are required to break (open) one set of contacts before engaging (closing) another set, ensuring isolation of both signal paths.

Break-Before-Make

B

Design of switches and relays that are required to break (open) one set of contacts before engaging (closing) another set, ensuring isolation of both signal paths.

Broadband

B

	Bandwidth that can carry multiple voice, video, or data channels simultaneously and distributed to household via coaxial, optical fibre, radio or twisted pair. Internet access, telephone and a multitude of CATV channels are predominantly on one coaxial cable. Made possible by frequency-division, each channel is modulated to a different frequency band and combined in the transmission medium. Then at the receiving end, it is demodulated to its original frequency and separated by guard-bands, which are empty spaces to ensure that each channel will not interfere with its neighbours.
	DOCSIS 1.0 has 38 Mbits/s Down and 9 Mbits/s Up 3.09 Percent | DOCSIS 2.0 has 38 Mbits/s Down and 9 Mbits/s Up 3.09 Percent | DOCSIS 3.0 has 152 Mbits/s Down and 108 Mbits/s Up 12.38 Percent | DOCSIS 3.1 has 1,000 Mbits/s Down and 500 Mbits/s Up 81.43 Percent |

Broadband

B

	Bandwidth that can carry multiple voice, video, or data channels simultaneously and distributed to household via coaxial, optical fibre, radio or twisted pair. Internet access, telephone and a multitude of CATV channels are predominantly on one coaxial cable. Made possible by frequency-division, each channel is modulated to a different frequency band and combined in the transmission medium. Then at the receiving end, it is demodulated to its original frequency and separated by guard-bands, which are empty spaces to ensure that each channel will not interfere with its neighbours.
	DOCSIS 1.0 has 38 Mbits/s Down and 9 Mbits/s Up 3.09 Percent | DOCSIS 2.0 has 38 Mbits/s Down and 9 Mbits/s Up 3.09 Percent | DOCSIS 3.0 has 152 Mbits/s Down and 108 Mbits/s Up 12.38 Percent | DOCSIS 3.1 has 1,000 Mbits/s Down and 500 Mbits/s Up 81.43 Percent |

Broadband

B

	Bandwidth that can carry multiple voice, video, or data channels simultaneously and distributed to household via coaxial, optical fibre, radio or twisted pair. Internet access, telephone and a multitude of CATV channels are predominantly on one coaxial cable. Made possible by frequency-division, each channel is modulated to a different frequency band and combined in the transmission medium. Then at the receiving end, it is demodulated to its original frequency and separated by guard-bands, which are empty spaces to ensure that each channel will not interfere with its neighbours.
	DOCSIS 1.0 has 38 Mbits/s Down and 9 Mbits/s Up 3.09 Percent | DOCSIS 2.0 has 38 Mbits/s Down and 9 Mbits/s Up 3.09 Percent | DOCSIS 3.0 has 152 Mbits/s Down and 108 Mbits/s Up 12.38 Percent | DOCSIS 3.1 has 1,000 Mbits/s Down and 500 Mbits/s Up 81.43 Percent |

Broadband

B

	Bandwidth that can carry multiple voice, video, or data channels simultaneously and distributed to household via coaxial, optical fibre, radio or twisted pair. Internet access, telephone and a multitude of CATV channels are predominantly on one coaxial cable. Made possible by frequency-division, each channel is modulated to a different frequency band and combined in the transmission medium. Then at the receiving end, it is demodulated to its original frequency and separated by guard-bands, which are empty spaces to ensure that each channel will not interfere with its neighbours.
	DOCSIS 1.0 has 38 Mbits/s Down and 9 Mbits/s Up 3.09 Percent | DOCSIS 2.0 has 38 Mbits/s Down and 9 Mbits/s Up 3.09 Percent | DOCSIS 3.0 has 152 Mbits/s Down and 108 Mbits/s Up 12.38 Percent | DOCSIS 3.1 has 1,000 Mbits/s Down and 500 Mbits/s Up 81.43 Percent |

Broadband

B

	Bandwidth that can carry multiple voice, video, or data channels simultaneously and distributed to household via coaxial, optical fibre, radio or twisted pair. Internet access, telephone and a multitude of CATV channels are predominantly on one coaxial cable. Made possible by frequency-division, each channel is modulated to a different frequency band and combined in the transmission medium. Then at the receiving end, it is demodulated to its original frequency and separated by guard-bands, which are empty spaces to ensure that each channel will not interfere with its neighbours.
	DOCSIS 1.0 has 38 Mbits/s Down and 9 Mbits/s Up 3.09 Percent | DOCSIS 2.0 has 38 Mbits/s Down and 9 Mbits/s Up 3.09 Percent | DOCSIS 3.0 has 152 Mbits/s Down and 108 Mbits/s Up 12.38 Percent | DOCSIS 3.1 has 1,000 Mbits/s Down and 500 Mbits/s Up 81.43 Percent |

Brownout

B

Condition whereby a voltage drop falls below the nominal operating range, but remains above 0V. In an electrical power supply system, this condition may be enacted to reduce load in an emergency and prevent a power outage, known as a blackout.

Brownout

B

Condition whereby a voltage drop falls below the nominal operating range, but remains above 0V. In an electrical power supply system, this condition may be enacted to reduce load in an emergency and prevent a power outage, known as a blackout.

Brownout

B

Condition whereby a voltage drop falls below the nominal operating range, but remains above 0V. In an electrical power supply system, this condition may be enacted to reduce load in an emergency and prevent a power outage, known as a blackout.

Brownout

B

Condition whereby a voltage drop falls below the nominal operating range, but remains above 0V. In an electrical power supply system, this condition may be enacted to reduce load in an emergency and prevent a power outage, known as a blackout.

Brownout

B

Condition whereby a voltage drop falls below the nominal operating range, but remains above 0V. In an electrical power supply system, this condition may be enacted to reduce load in an emergency and prevent a power outage, known as a blackout.

Built In Self Test

B

Mechanism facilitating a machine to test itself, meeting design requirements for reliability, repair cycles, self-calibration and operational augmentation for conditional changes.

Built In Self Test

B

Mechanism facilitating a machine to test itself, meeting design requirements for reliability, repair cycles, self-calibration and operational augmentation for conditional changes.

Built In Self Test

B

Mechanism facilitating a machine to test itself, meeting design requirements for reliability, repair cycles, self-calibration and operational augmentation for conditional changes.

Built In Self Test

B

Mechanism facilitating a machine to test itself, meeting design requirements for reliability, repair cycles, self-calibration and operational augmentation for conditional changes.

Built In Self Test

B

Mechanism facilitating a machine to test itself, meeting design requirements for reliability, repair cycles, self-calibration and operational augmentation for conditional changes.

Burst Dimming

B

Controlling the brightness of cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL) by turning the lamps on and off at a rate faster than the human eye can detect, nominally 100Hz to 300Hz. Higher ratios of on and off time will cause the lamps to become brighter.

Burst Dimming

B

Controlling the brightness of cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL) by turning the lamps on and off at a rate faster than the human eye can detect, nominally 100Hz to 300Hz. Higher ratios of on and off time will cause the lamps to become brighter.

Burst Dimming

B

Controlling the brightness of cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL) by turning the lamps on and off at a rate faster than the human eye can detect, nominally 100Hz to 300Hz. Higher ratios of on and off time will cause the lamps to become brighter.

Burst Dimming

B

Controlling the brightness of cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL) by turning the lamps on and off at a rate faster than the human eye can detect, nominally 100Hz to 300Hz. Higher ratios of on and off time will cause the lamps to become brighter.

Burst Dimming

B

Controlling the brightness of cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL) by turning the lamps on and off at a rate faster than the human eye can detect, nominally 100Hz to 300Hz. Higher ratios of on and off time will cause the lamps to become brighter.

Burst Mode

B

High-speed data-transfer is made possible by exclusively prioritising processor and IO tasks to increase data rates. DMA controller and IO device are given exclusive access to the bus without interruption and allows cache to throughput with the CPU without consultation to the secondary memory, the RAM and to be free of handling device interrupts and dedicate resources to maximising IO throughput.

Burst Mode

B

High-speed data-transfer is made possible by exclusively prioritising processor and IO tasks to increase data rates. DMA controller and IO device are given exclusive access to the bus without interruption and allows cache to throughput with the CPU without consultation to the secondary memory, the RAM and to be free of handling device interrupts and dedicate resources to maximising IO throughput.

Burst Mode

B

High-speed data-transfer is made possible by exclusively prioritising processor and IO tasks to increase data rates. DMA controller and IO device are given exclusive access to the bus without interruption and allows cache to throughput with the CPU without consultation to the secondary memory, the RAM and to be free of handling device interrupts and dedicate resources to maximising IO throughput.

Burst Mode

B

High-speed data-transfer is made possible by exclusively prioritising processor and IO tasks to increase data rates. DMA controller and IO device are given exclusive access to the bus without interruption and allows cache to throughput with the CPU without consultation to the secondary memory, the RAM and to be free of handling device interrupts and dedicate resources to maximising IO throughput.

Burst Mode

B

High-speed data-transfer is made possible by exclusively prioritising processor and IO tasks to increase data rates. DMA controller and IO device are given exclusive access to the bus without interruption and allows cache to throughput with the CPU without consultation to the secondary memory, the RAM and to be free of handling device interrupts and dedicate resources to maximising IO throughput.

Bus

B

Common paths connecting a number of devices with power as in voltage rails, or in data as in PCI and PCI Express Bus on a motherboard or heatsinks commanding thermodynamic control over temperature distribution.

Bus

B

Common paths connecting a number of devices with power as in voltage rails, or in data as in PCI and PCI Express Bus on a motherboard or heatsinks commanding thermodynamic control over temperature distribution.

Bus

B

Common paths connecting a number of devices with power as in voltage rails, or in data as in PCI and PCI Express Bus on a motherboard or heatsinks commanding thermodynamic control over temperature distribution.

Bus

B

Common paths connecting a number of devices with power as in voltage rails, or in data as in PCI and PCI Express Bus on a motherboard or heatsinks commanding thermodynamic control over temperature distribution.

Bus

B

Common paths connecting a number of devices with power as in voltage rails, or in data as in PCI and PCI Express Bus on a motherboard or heatsinks commanding thermodynamic control over temperature distribution.

Byte

B

B, the symbol for the grouping of binary bits is commonly expressed as eight digits, representing 256 states of information as characters, starting from 00000000 (Binary 0) to 11111111 (Binary 255). Invented by Werner Buchholz, 1956

Byte

B

B, the symbol for the grouping of binary bits is commonly expressed as eight digits, representing 256 states of information as characters, starting from 00000000 (Binary 0) to 11111111 (Binary 255). Invented by Werner Buchholz, 1956

Byte

B

B, the symbol for the grouping of binary bits is commonly expressed as eight digits, representing 256 states of information as characters, starting from 00000000 (Binary 0) to 11111111 (Binary 255). Invented by Werner Buchholz, 1956

Byte

B

B, the symbol for the grouping of binary bits is commonly expressed as eight digits, representing 256 states of information as characters, starting from 00000000 (Binary 0) to 11111111 (Binary 255). Invented by Werner Buchholz, 1956

Byte

B

B, the symbol for the grouping of binary bits is commonly expressed as eight digits, representing 256 states of information as characters, starting from 00000000 (Binary 0) to 11111111 (Binary 255). Invented by Werner Buchholz, 1956

	C
	A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # Ω

	C
	A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # Ω

	C
	A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # Ω

	C
	A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # Ω

C

Cable Ethernet

C

Delivery of information (data packets) to recipients (devices) within a group (network) is performed through a medium (cable). The following list comprises of copper conductors that have an electromechanical interface through a network card:

		Transfer Rate	Performance
	Category 1	1 Mbit/s	1 MHz
	Category 2	4 Mbit/s	4 MHz
	Category 3	10 Mbit/s	16 MHz
	Category 4	16 Mbit/s	20 MHz
	Category 5	100 Mbit/s	100 MHz
	Category 5e	1 Gbit/s	1 Gbit/s
	Category 6	10 Gbit/s	250 MHz
	Category 6a	10 Gbit/s	500 MHz
	Category 7	10 Gbit/s	600 MHz
	Category 7a	10 Gbit/s	1 GHz
	Category 8	40 Gbit/s	2 GHz

Cable Ethernet

C

Delivery of information (data packets) to recipients (devices) within a group (network) is performed through a medium (cable). The following list comprises of copper conductors that have an electromechanical interface through a network card:

		Transfer Rate	Performance
	Category 1	1 Mbit/s	1 MHz
	Category 2	4 Mbit/s	4 MHz
	Category 3	10 Mbit/s	16 MHz
	Category 4	16 Mbit/s	20 MHz
	Category 5	100 Mbit/s	100 MHz
	Category 5e	1 Gbit/s	1 Gbit/s
	Category 6	10 Gbit/s	250 MHz
	Category 6a	10 Gbit/s	500 MHz
	Category 7	10 Gbit/s	600 MHz
	Category 7a	10 Gbit/s	1 GHz
	Category 8	40 Gbit/s	2 GHz

Cable Ethernet

C

Delivery of information (data packets) to recipients (devices) within a group (network) is performed through a medium (cable). The following list comprises of copper conductors that have an electromechanical interface through a network card:

		Transfer Rate	Performance
	Category 1	1 Mbit/s	1 MHz
	Category 2	4 Mbit/s	4 MHz
	Category 3	10 Mbit/s	16 MHz
	Category 4	16 Mbit/s	20 MHz
	Category 5	100 Mbit/s	100 MHz
	Category 5e	1 Gbit/s	1 Gbit/s
	Category 6	10 Gbit/s	250 MHz
	Category 6a	10 Gbit/s	500 MHz
	Category 7	10 Gbit/s	600 MHz
	Category 7a	10 Gbit/s	1 GHz
	Category 8	40 Gbit/s	2 GHz

Cable Ethernet

C

Delivery of information (data packets) to recipients (devices) within a group (network) is performed through a medium (cable). The following list comprises of copper conductors that have an electromechanical interface through a network card:

		Transfer Rate	Performance
	Category 1	1 Mbit/s	1 MHz
	Category 2	4 Mbit/s	4 MHz
	Category 3	10 Mbit/s	16 MHz
	Category 4	16 Mbit/s	20 MHz
	Category 5	100 Mbit/s	100 MHz
	Category 5e	1 Gbit/s	1 Gbit/s
	Category 6	10 Gbit/s	250 MHz
	Category 6a	10 Gbit/s	500 MHz
	Category 7	10 Gbit/s	600 MHz
	Category 7a	10 Gbit/s	1 GHz
	Category 8	40 Gbit/s	2 GHz

Cable Ethernet

C

Delivery of information (data packets) to recipients (devices) within a group (network) is performed through a medium (cable). The following list comprises of copper conductors that have an electromechanical interface through a network card:

		Transfer Rate	Performance
	CAT 1	1 Mbit/s	1 MHz
	CAT 2	4 Mbit/s	4 MHz
	CAT 3	10 Mbit/s	16 MHz
	CAT 4	16 Mbit/s	20 MHz
	CAT 5	100 Mbit/s	100 MHz
	CAT 5e	1 Gbit/s	1 Gbit/s
	CAT 6	10 Gbit/s	250 MHz
	CAT 6a	10 Gbit/s	500 MHz
	CAT 7	10 Gbit/s	600 MHz
	CAT 7a	10 Gbit/s	1 GHz
	CAT 8	40 Gbit/s	2 GHz

Candela

C

	Candela, cd SI Base Unit
	Luminous Intensity, J SI Base Quantity
	This unit of electric current (1 amp) is the flow capacity of the electric charge in one coulomb over a duration of one second. One coulomb is equivalent to the charge of 6.242×1018 electrons. Formally, as defined in 2014: “The ampere is that constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1m apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2 × 10−7 newton per metre of length.” Proposed: “The ampere, A, is the unit of electric current; its magnitude is set by fixing the numerical value of the elementary charge to be equal to exactly 1.602 17X × 10−19 when it is expressed in the unit A·s, which is equal to C.”

Candela

C

	Candela, cd SI Base Unit
	Luminous Intensity, J SI Base Quantity
	This unit of electric current (1 amp) is the flow capacity of the electric charge in one coulomb over a duration of one second. One coulomb is equivalent to the charge of 6.242×1018 electrons. Formally, as defined in 2014: “The ampere is that constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1m apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2 × 10−7 newton per metre of length.” Proposed: “The ampere, A, is the unit of electric current; its magnitude is set by fixing the numerical value of the elementary charge to be equal to exactly 1.602 17X × 10−19 when it is expressed in the unit A·s, which is equal to C.”

Candela

C

	Candela, cd SI Base Unit
	Luminous Intensity, J SI Base Quantity
	This unit of electric current (1 amp) is the flow capacity of the electric charge in one coulomb over a duration of one second. One coulomb is equivalent to the charge of 6.242×1018 electrons. Formally, as defined in 2014: “The ampere is that constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1m apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2 × 10−7 newton per metre of length.” Proposed: “The ampere, A, is the unit of electric current; its magnitude is set by fixing the numerical value of the elementary charge to be equal to exactly 1.602 17X × 10−19 when it is expressed in the unit A·s, which is equal to C.”