BERYLLIUM, Be (4)

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Beryllium

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OVERVIEW

BERYLLIUM

Be (4)

bəˈrɪliəm

PHONETICS

IDENTIFICATION

Beryllium is created through stellar nucleosynthesis. It is a relatively rare element in the universe and is a divalent element which occurs naturally only in combination with other elements in minerals. Notable gemstones which contain beryllium include beryl, aquamarine and emerald.

ELEMENT BRIEF

1797, Nicholas Louis Vauquelin, France.

DISCOVERY

Ancient Greek, βήρυλλος (bḗrullos, 'beryl'), + -ium.

ETYMOLOGY

Beryllium

ELEMENT

Be

SYMBOL

4

ATOMIC NUMBER

7440-41-7

CAS NUMBER

PHYSICAL

element

ELEMENTAL SPECTRUM

Grey

ELEMENTAL COLOUR

-

REFRACTIVE INDEX

0.032

POISSON RATIO

4.877 cm³

MOLAR VOLUME

600.00M Pa, 5.921'5k Atm

BRINELL HARDNESS

5.50

MOHS HARDNESS

1.67G Pa, 16.481'6k Atm

VICKERS HARDNESS

13,000 m/s, Mach 37.900'9

SPEED OF SOUND

130.00G Pa, 1.283'0M Atm

BULK MODULUS

132.00G Pa, 1.302'7M Atm

SHEAR MODULUS

287.00G Pa, 2.832'5M Atm

YOUNG MODULUS

ALLOTROPES

element

element

element

THERMODYNAMIC

1,560.15 K, 1,287.00 °C

MELTING POINT

2,743.15 K, 2,470.00 °C

BOILING POINT

-

AUTOMATIC IGNITION

-

FLASHPOINT

-

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

-

CRITICAL PRESSURE

190.000'000 W/(m K)

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

0.000’011’3 K¯¹

THERMAL EXPANSION

1,820.00 J/(kg K)

SPECIFIC HEAT

7.950 kJ/mol

HEAT FUSION

297.000 kJ/mol

HEAT VAPORISATION

-

HEAT COMBUSTION

-

CURIE POINT

-

NEEL POINT

-

ADIABATIC INDEX

Solid

PHASE

ELECTROMAGNETIC

Conductor

ELECTRICAL TYPE

25.00M S/m

CONDUCTIVITY

40.00n Ω.m

RESISTIVITY

0.026 K

SUPERCONDUCTING POINT

Diamagnetic

MAGNETIC TYPE

-0.000'000'012'6

MASS SUSCEPTIBILITY

-0.000'000'000'113'60

MOLAR SUSCEPTIBILITY

-0.000'023'280'00

VOLUME SUSCEPTIBILITY

STRUCTURE

Alkaline Earth

CLASSIFICATION

9.012'182'2

ATOMIC WEIGHT

112 pm

ATOMIC RADIUS

102 pm

COVALENT RADIUS SINGLE BOND

90 pm

COVALENT RADIUS DOUBLE BOND

85 pm

COVALENT RADIUS TRIPLE BOND

153 pm

VAN DER WAALS RADIUS

[He]2s²

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

Hexagonal, Close Packed Single

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

1.848'00 g/cm³

DENSITY AS SOLID

1.690'00 g/cm³

DENSITY AS LIQUID

-

DENSITY AS GAS

P6₃/mmc

SPACE GROUP NAME

194

SPACE GROUP NUMBER

π/2, π/2 & 2π/3

LATTICE ANGLES

228.58, 228.58 & 358.43 pm

LATTICE CONSTANTS

REACTIVITY

2

VALENCE

1.57

ELECTRONEGATIVITY

-48.24 kJ/mol

ELECTRON AFFINITY

IONISATION ENERGY

element

element

element

element

ELEMENTAL DISTRIBUTION

0.000'000'1 %

UNIVERSE

0.000'002'9 %

METEORITES

0.000'000'01 %

SUN

0.000'19 %

EARTH CRUST

0.000'000'000'06 %

OCEANS

0.000'000'5 %

HUMANS

ISOTOPES

Stable

HALF LIFE

Stable

LIFETIME

2s² = 2, 0, 0, -1/2

QUANTUM NUMBERS

7.630'00 b σ_s

NEUTRON CROSS SECTION

0.007'60 b σ_a

NEUTRON MASS ABSORPTION

STABLE ISOTOPES

element

UNSTABLE ISOTOPES

element

element

element

element

element

element

element

element

element

element

element

ISOTOPIC CHAIN

Isotope	Stability	Symbol	Type	Protons		Neutrons		Spin	Parity	Mass		Abundance		Mass Measure	Mass Excess		Binding Energy		Dipole Moment		Quadrupole Moment		Halflife in Years		Halflife in Seconds		A01 Decay Probability		A01 Decay Mode	A01 Decay Energy		A01 Decay Daughter	A01 Decay Link	A02 Decay Probability		A02 Decay Mode	A02 Decay Energy		A02 Decay Daughter	A02 Decay Link	A03 Decay Probability		A03 Decay Mode	A03 Decay Energy		A03 Decay Daughter	A03 Decay Link	A04 Decay Probability		A04 Decay Mode	A04 Decay Energy		A04 Decay Daughter	A04 Decay Link	A05 Decay Probability		A05 Decay Mode	A05 Decay Energy		A05 Decay Daughter	A05 Decay Link	A06 Decay Probability		A06 Decay Mode	A06 Decay Energy		A06 Decay Daughter	A06 Decay Link	Y01 Decay Product Yield		Y01 Decay Product Nuclide	Y02 Decay Product Yield		Y02 Decay Product Nuclide	Y03 Decay Product Yield		Y03 Decay Product Nuclide	Y04 Decay Product Yield		Y04 Decay Product Nuclide	Y05 Decay Product Yield		Y05 Decay Product Nuclide	Y06 Decay Product Yield		Y06 Decay Product Nuclide	Y07 Decay Product Yield		Y07 Decay Product Nuclide	Y08 Decay Product Yield		Y08 Decay Product Nuclide	Y09 Decay Product Yield		Y09 Decay Product Nuclide	Y10 Decay Product Yield		Y10 Decay Product Nuclide	Y11 Decay Product Yield		Y11 Decay Product Nuclide	Y12 Decay Product Yield		Y12 Decay Product Nuclide
Isotope_004_be_5_u	Unstable	⁵Be	Fermion	4	p	1	n	1/2	1	5.040'790'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	37.996'000'000'0	MeV	-0.154'700'000'0	MeV	-		-		?				?	%	p	5,380.000	keV	⁴Li	⁵Be > [ ? % , p , 5,380.0 keV ] > ⁴Li																																				?	%	³He
Isotope_004_be_6_u	Unstable	⁶Be	Boson	4	p	2	n	0	1	6.019'726'317'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	18.374'947'000'0	MeV	4.487'262'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.58E-28	year	5.000	zepto-seconds ( x⁻²¹ )	100.000'000	%	2p	1,372.090	keV	⁴He	⁶Be > [ 100 % , 2p , 1,372.09 keV ] > ⁴He																																				100.000'000	%	⁴He
Isotope_004_be_7_u	Unstable	⁷Be	Fermion	4	p	3	n	3/2	-1	7.016'929'828'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	15.770'034'000'0	MeV	5.371'400'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.46E-1	year	4.598	mega-seconds ( x⁶ )	100.000'000	%	ϵ	861.893	keV	⁷Li	⁷Be > [ 100 % , ϵ , 861.893 keV ] > ⁷Li																																				100.000'000	%	⁷Li
Isotope_004_be_8_u	Unstable	⁸Be	Boson	4	p	4	n	0	1	8.005'305'103'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	4.941'672'000'0	MeV	7.062'435'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.12E-24	year	67.000	atto-seconds ( x⁻¹⁸ )	100.000'000	%	α	91.840	keV	⁴He	⁸Be > [ 100 % , α , 91.84 keV ] > ⁴He																																				100.000'000	%	⁴He
Isotope_004_be_9_s	Stable	⁹Be	Fermion	4	p	5	n	3/2	-1	9.012'182'201'0	u	100.000'000	%	9.012'182'201'0	11.347'648'000'0	MeV	6.462'758'000'0	MeV	-1.177'800'000'0	nm	0.053'000'000'0	b	-
Isotope_004_be_10_u	Unstable	¹⁰Be	Boson	4	p	6	n	0	1	10.013'533'818'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	12.606'670'000'0	MeV	6.497'711'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.51E+6	years	47.747	tera-seconds ( x¹² )	100.000'000	%	β-	555.939	keV	¹⁰B	¹⁰Be > [ 100 % , β- , 555.939 keV ] > ¹⁰B																																				100.000'000	%	¹⁰B
Isotope_004_be_11_u	Unstable	¹¹Be	Fermion	4	p	7	n	1/2	1	11.021'657'749'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	20.174'064'000'0	MeV	5.952'822'000'0	MeV	-		-		4.38E-7	year	13.810	seconds ( x⁰ )	97.000'000	%	β-	11,506.130	keV	¹¹B	¹¹Be > [ 97 % , β- , 11,506.13 keV ] > ¹¹B	2.900'000	%	β-α	2,841.010	keV	⁷Li	¹¹Be > [ 2.9 % , β-α , 2,841.01 keV ] > ⁷Li																													97.000'000	%	¹¹B	2.900'000	%	⁷Li
Isotope_004_be_12_u	Unstable	¹²Be	Boson	4	p	8	n	0	1	12.026'920'737'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	25.076'506'000'0	MeV	5.720'826'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.81E-10	year	21.500	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	11,707.600	keV	¹²B	¹²Be > [ 100 % , β- , 11,707.6 keV ] > ¹²B	0.500'000	%	β-n	8,337.300	keV	¹¹B	¹²Be > [ 0.5 % , β-n , 8,337.3 keV ] > ¹¹B																													98.000'000	%	¹²C	1.600'000	%	⁴He	0.500'000	%	¹¹B
Isotope_004_be_13_u	Unstable	¹³Be	Fermion	4	p	9	n	1/2	1	13.035'693'007'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	33.247'823'000'0	MeV	5.273'070'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.58E-17	year	500.000	pico-seconds ( x⁻¹² )	?	%	n	100.000	keV	¹²Be	¹³Be > [ ? % , n , 100.0 keV ] > ¹²Be																																				?	%	⁴He	?	%	¹²C	?	%	¹¹B
Isotope_004_be_14_u	Unstable	¹⁴Be	Boson	4	p	10	n	0	1	14.042'892'920'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	39.954'498'000'0	MeV	4.993'897'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.38E-10	year	4.350	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	98.000'000	%	β-n	15,321.000	keV	¹³B	¹⁴Be > [ 98 % , β-n , 15,321.0 keV ] > ¹³B	0.800'000	%	β-2n	10,443.000	keV	¹²B	¹⁴Be > [ 0.8 % , β-2n , 10,443.0 keV ] > ¹²B	0.200'000	%	β-3n	?	keV	¹¹B	¹⁴Be > [ 0.2 % , β-3n , ? keV ] > ¹¹B	0.020'000	%	β-t	?	keV	¹¹Be	¹⁴Be > [ 0.02 % , β-t , ? keV ] > ¹¹Be	0.004'000	%	β-α	4,479.000	keV	¹⁰Li	¹⁴Be > [ 0.004 % , β-α , 4,479.0 keV ] > ¹⁰Li								98.000'000	%	¹³C	1.058'400	%	¹²C	0.219'400	%	¹¹B	0.014'832	%	⁴He	0.001'960	%	⁹Be	0.000'580	%	⁷Li	0.000'580	%	⁷Li	0.000'580	%	⁷Li	0.000'580	%	⁷Li	0.000'580	%	⁷Li	0.000'580	%	⁷Li	0.000'580	%	⁷Li
Isotope_004_be_15_u	Unstable	¹⁵Be	Fermion	4	p	11	n	?	0	15.053'460'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	49.798'000'000'0	MeV	4.543'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.34E-15	year	200.000	nano-seconds ( x⁻⁹ )	?	%	n	1,772.000	keV	¹⁴Be	¹⁵Be > [ ? % , n , 1,772.0 keV ] > ¹⁴Be																																				?	%	⁷Li	?	%	⁴He	?	%	¹³C	?	%	¹²C	?	%	¹¹B	?	%	⁹Be	?	%	⁹Be	?	%	⁹Be	?	%	⁹Be	?	%	⁹Be	?	%	⁹Be	?	%	⁹Be
Isotope_004_be_16_u	Unstable	¹⁶Be	Boson	4	p	12	n	0	1	16.061'920'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	57.678'000'000'0	MeV	4.271'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.34E-15	year	200.000	nano-seconds ( x⁻⁹ )	?	%	2n	1,581.000	keV	¹⁴Be	¹⁶Be > [ ? % , 2n , 1,581.0 keV ] > ¹⁴Be																																				?	%	⁷Li	?	%	⁴He	?	%	¹³C	?	%	¹²C	?	%	¹¹B	?	%	⁹Be	?	%	⁹Be	?	%	⁹Be	?	%	⁹Be	?	%	⁹Be	?	%	⁹Be	?	%	⁹Be

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