CALIFORNIUM, Cf (98)

Californium is made by bombarding curium with alpha particles (helium-4 ions). Two crystalline forms exist under normal pressure: one above and one below 900 °C (1,650 °F) and a third form exists at high pressure. The most stable isotope is californium-251, with a half-life of 898 years.

ELEMENT BRIEF

1950 by Glenn T. Seaborg, Stanley G. Thompson, Albert Ghiorso and Kenneth Street, USA.

DISCOVERY

From the name of the State and University of California, USA.

ETYMOLOGY

Californium

ELEMENT

Cf

SYMBOL

98

ATOMIC NUMBER

7440-71-3

CAS NUMBER

ELEMENTAL SPECTRUM

Silver

ELEMENTAL COLOUR

-

REFRACTIVE INDEX

-

POISSON RATIO

16.595 cm³

MOLAR VOLUME

-

BRINELL HARDNESS

-

MOHS HARDNESS

-

VICKERS HARDNESS

-

SPEED OF SOUND

-

BULK MODULUS

-

SHEAR MODULUS

-

YOUNG MODULUS

ALLOTROPES

1,173.15 K, 900.00 °C

MELTING POINT

-

BOILING POINT

-

AUTOMATIC IGNITION

-

FLASHPOINT

-

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

-

CRITICAL PRESSURE

10.000'000 W/(m K)

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

-

THERMAL EXPANSION

-

SPECIFIC HEAT

-

HEAT FUSION

-

HEAT VAPORISATION

-

HEAT COMBUSTION

-

CURIE POINT

-

NEEL POINT

-

ADIABATIC INDEX

Solid

PHASE

-

ELECTRICAL TYPE

-

CONDUCTIVITY

-

RESISTIVITY

-

SUPERCONDUCTING POINT

-

MAGNETIC TYPE

-

MASS SUSCEPTIBILITY

-

MOLAR SUSCEPTIBILITY

-

VOLUME SUSCEPTIBILITY

Actinide

CLASSIFICATION

250.578'119'0

ATOMIC WEIGHT

-

ATOMIC RADIUS

168 pm

COVALENT RADIUS SINGLE BOND

140 pm

COVALENT RADIUS DOUBLE BOND

-

COVALENT RADIUS TRIPLE BOND

245 pm

VAN DER WAALS RADIUS

[Rn]7s²5f¹⁰

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

Hexagonal, Close Packed Double

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

15.100'00 g/cm³

DENSITY AS SOLID

-

DENSITY AS LIQUID

-

DENSITY AS GAS

p6₃/mmc

SPACE GROUP NAME

194

SPACE GROUP NUMBER

π/2, π/2 2π/3

LATTICE ANGLES

338, 338 1102.5 pm

LATTICE CONSTANTS

4

VALENCE

1.3

ELECTRONEGATIVITY

-

ELECTRON AFFINITY

IONISATION ENERGY