GOLD, Au (79)

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ATOMIC ARCHITECTURE

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Gold
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GOLD

Au (79)

ɡəʊld

PHONETICS

Gold is the most malleable of all metals; a single gram can be beaten into a sheet of 1 square meter, or an ounce into 300 square feet. Gold leaf can be beaten thin enough to become transparent. The transmitted light appears greenish blue, because gold strongly reflects yellow and red. Such semi-transparent sheets also strongly reflect infrared light, making them useful as infrared (radiant heat) shields in visors of heat-resistant suits, and in sun-visors for spacesuits. Gold is a good conductor of heat and electricity and reflects infrared radiation strongly.

ELEMENT BRIEF

Circa 9,000 BCE in the Middle East.

DISCOVERY

Anglo-Saxon 'gold' (origin of symbol Au is Latin 'aurum' meaning 'gold').

ETYMOLOGY

Gold

ELEMENT

Au

SYMBOL

79

ATOMIC NUMBER

7440-57-5

CAS NUMBER
element

ELEMENTAL SPECTRUM


Gold

ELEMENTAL COLOUR


-

REFRACTIVE INDEX


0.440

POISSON RATIO


10.206 cm³

MOLAR VOLUME


2.45G Pa, 24.179'6k Atm

BRINELL HARDNESS


2.50

MOHS HARDNESS


216.00M Pa, 2.131'8k Atm

VICKERS HARDNESS


1,740 m/s, Mach 5.072'9

SPEED OF SOUND


220.00G Pa, 2.171'2M Atm

BULK MODULUS


27.00G Pa, 266.469'3k Atm

SHEAR MODULUS


78.00G Pa, 769.800'1k Atm

YOUNG MODULUS


ALLOTROPES

NONE

1,337.33 K, 1,064.18 °C

MELTING POINT


3,129.15 K, 2,856.00 °C

BOILING POINT


-

AUTOMATIC IGNITION


-

FLASHPOINT


-

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE


-

CRITICAL PRESSURE


320.000'000 W/(m K)

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY


0.000'014'2 K¯¹

THERMAL EXPANSION


129.10 J/(kg K)

SPECIFIC HEAT


12.500 kJ/mol

HEAT FUSION


330.000 kJ/mol

HEAT VAPORISATION


-

HEAT COMBUSTION


-

CURIE POINT


-

NEEL POINT


-

ADIABATIC INDEX


Solid

PHASE

Conductor

ELECTRICAL TYPE


45.00M S/m

CONDUCTIVITY


22.00n Ω.m

RESISTIVITY


-

SUPERCONDUCTING POINT


Diamagnetic

MAGNETIC TYPE


-0.000'000'001'8

MASS SUSCEPTIBILITY


-0.000'000'000'355'00

MOLAR SUSCEPTIBILITY


-0.000'034'700'00

VOLUME SUSCEPTIBILITY

Transition Metal

CLASSIFICATION


196.966'568'7

ATOMIC WEIGHT


171 pm

ATOMIC RADIUS


124 pm

COVALENT RADIUS SINGLE BOND


121 pm

COVALENT RADIUS DOUBLE BOND


123 pm

COVALENT RADIUS TRIPLE BOND


217 pm

VAN DER WAALS RADIUS


[Xe]6s²4f¹⁴5d¹⁰

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION


Cubic, Face-centred

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE


19.300'00 g/cm³

DENSITY AS SOLID


17.310'00 g/cm³

DENSITY AS LIQUID


-

DENSITY AS GAS


Fm_3m

SPACE GROUP NAME


225

SPACE GROUP NUMBER


π/2, π/2 π/2

LATTICE ANGLES


407.82, 407.82 407.82 pm

LATTICE CONSTANTS

5

VALENCE


2.54

ELECTRONEGATIVITY


222.69 kJ/mol

ELECTRON AFFINITY


IONISATION ENERGY

element element

0.000'000'1 %

UNIVERSE


0.000'017 %

METEORITES


0.000'000'5 %

SUN


0.000'000'35 %

EARTH CRUST


0.000'000'005 %

OCEANS


0.000'01 %

HUMANS

Stable

HALF LIFE


Stable

LIFETIME


5s¹⁰ = 5, 2, +2, -1/2

QUANTUM NUMBERS


7.750'00 b σs

NEUTRON CROSS SECTION


98.650'00 b σa

NEUTRON MASS ABSORPTION


STABLE ISOTOPES

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UNSTABLE ISOTOPES

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ISOTOPIC CHAIN

CENTRALDATACORE

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