MOLYBDENUM, Mo (42)

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ATOMIC ARCHITECTURE

Spectrograph

Elemental Tile

Molybdenum

···

OVERVIEW

MOLYBDENUM

Mo (42)

məˈlɪbdɪnəm

PHONETICS

IDENTIFICATION

Molybdenum is a transition metal with an electronegativity of 2.16 on the Pauling scale and does not visibly react with oxygen or water at room temperature. The bulk oxidation occurs at temperatures above 600 °C, resulting in molybdenum trioxide.

ELEMENT BRIEF

1781 by Carl William Scheele, Sweden.

DISCOVERY

Greek, 'molybdos' meaning 'lead'.

ETYMOLOGY

Molybdenum

ELEMENT

Mo

SYMBOL

42

ATOMIC NUMBER

7439-98-7

CAS NUMBER

PHYSICAL

ELEMENTAL SPECTRUM

Grey

ELEMENTAL COLOUR

-

REFRACTIVE INDEX

0.310

POISSON RATIO

9.332 cm³

MOLAR VOLUME

1.50G Pa, 14.803'8k Atm

BRINELL HARDNESS

5.50

MOHS HARDNESS

1.53G Pa, 15.099'9k Atm

VICKERS HARDNESS

6,190 m/s, Mach 18.046'6

SPEED OF SOUND

230.00G Pa, 2.269'9M Atm

BULK MODULUS

20.00G Pa, 197.384'7k Atm

SHEAR MODULUS

329.00G Pa, 3.247'0M Atm

YOUNG MODULUS

ALLOTROPES

NONE

THERMODYNAMIC

2,896.15 K, 2,623.00 °C

MELTING POINT

4,912.15 K, 4,639.00 °C

BOILING POINT

-

AUTOMATIC IGNITION

-

FLASHPOINT

-

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

-

CRITICAL PRESSURE

139.000'000 W/(m K)

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

0.000'004'8 K¯¹

THERMAL EXPANSION

251.00 J/(kg K)

SPECIFIC HEAT

36.000 kJ/mol

HEAT FUSION

600.000 kJ/mol

HEAT VAPORISATION

-

HEAT COMBUSTION

-

CURIE POINT

-

NEEL POINT

-

ADIABATIC INDEX

Solid

PHASE

ELECTROMAGNETIC

Conductor

ELECTRICAL TYPE

20.00M S/m

CONDUCTIVITY

50.00n Ω.m

RESISTIVITY

0.915 K

SUPERCONDUCTING POINT

Paramagnetic

MAGNETIC TYPE

0.000'000'011'7

MASS SUSCEPTIBILITY

0.000'000'001'122'00

MOLAR SUSCEPTIBILITY

0.000'120'300'00

VOLUME SUSCEPTIBILITY

STRUCTURE

Transition Metal

CLASSIFICATION

95.931'292'1

ATOMIC WEIGHT

190 pm

ATOMIC RADIUS

138 pm

COVALENT RADIUS SINGLE BOND

121 pm

COVALENT RADIUS DOUBLE BOND

113 pm

COVALENT RADIUS TRIPLE BOND

209 pm

VAN DER WAALS RADIUS

[Kr]5s¹4d⁵

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

Cubic, Body-centred

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

10.280'00 g/cm³

DENSITY AS SOLID

9.330'00 g/cm³

DENSITY AS LIQUID

-

DENSITY AS GAS

lm_3m

SPACE GROUP NAME

229

SPACE GROUP NUMBER

π/2, π/2 π/2

LATTICE ANGLES

314.7, 314.7 314.7 pm

LATTICE CONSTANTS

REACTIVITY

6

VALENCE

2.16

ELECTRONEGATIVITY

72.10 kJ/mol

ELECTRON AFFINITY

IONISATION ENERGY

ELEMENTAL DISTRIBUTION

0.000'000'5 %

UNIVERSE

0.000'12 %

METEORITES

0.000'000'9 %

SUN

0.000'11 %

EARTH CRUST

0.000'051 %

OCEANS

0.000'01 %

HUMANS

ISOTOPES

Stable

HALF LIFE

Stable

LIFETIME

4d⁵ = 4, 2, +2, +1/2

QUANTUM NUMBERS

5.710'00 b σ_s

NEUTRON CROSS SECTION

2.480'00 b σ_a

NEUTRON MASS ABSORPTION

STABLE ISOTOPES

UNSTABLE ISOTOPES

ISOTOPIC CHAIN

Isotope	Stability	Symbol	Type	Protons		Neutrons		Spin	Parity	Mass		Abundance		Mass Measure	Mass Excess		Binding Energy		Dipole Moment		Quadrupole Moment		Halflife in Years		Halflife in Seconds		A01 Decay Probability		A01 Decay Mode	A01 Decay Energy		A01 Decay Daughter	A01 Decay Link	A02 Decay Mode	A02 Decay Energy		A02 Decay Daughter	A02 Decay Link	Y01 Decay Product Yield		Y01 Decay Product Nuclide	Y02 Decay Product Yield		Y02 Decay Product Nuclide	Y03 Decay Product Yield		Y03 Decay Product Nuclide
Isotope_042_mo_83_u	Unstable	⁸³Mo	Fermion	42	p	41	n	3/2	-1	82.948'740'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-47.748'000'000'0	MeV	8.251'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		7.29E-10	year	23.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	10,188.000	keV	⁸³Nb	⁸³Mo > [ 100 % , β+ , 10,188.0 keV ] > ⁸³Nb	β+p	?	keV	⁸²Zr	⁸³Mo > [ , β+p , ? keV ] > ⁸²Zr	100.000'000	%	⁸³Kr	?	%	⁸²Kr
Isotope_042_mo_84_u	Unstable	⁸⁴Mo	Boson	42	p	42	n	0	1	83.940'090'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-55.806'000'000'0	MeV	8.344'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.20E-10	year	3.800	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	5,051.000	keV	⁸⁴Nb	⁸⁴Mo > [ 100 % , β+ , 5,051.0 keV ] > ⁸⁴Nb	β+p	?	keV	⁸³Zr	⁸⁴Mo > [ , β+p , ? keV ] > ⁸³Zr	?	%	⁸³Kr	?	%	⁸²Kr	?	%	⁸⁴Kr
Isotope_042_mo_85_u	Unstable	⁸⁵Mo	Fermion	42	p	43	n	1/2	-1	84.936'550'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-59.103'000'000'0	MeV	8.380'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.01E-10	year	3.200	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	7,024.000	keV	⁸⁵Nb	⁸⁵Mo > [ 100 % , β+ , 7,024.0 keV ] > ⁸⁵Nb	β+p	?	keV	⁸⁴Zr	⁸⁵Mo > [ , β+p , ? keV ] > ⁸⁴Zr	100.000'000	%	⁸⁵Rb	?	%	⁸⁴Kr
Isotope_042_mo_86_u	Unstable	⁸⁶Mo	Boson	42	p	44	n	0	1	85.930'695'904'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-64.556'350'000'0	MeV	8.439'896'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.21E-7	year	19.600	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	4,248.000	keV	⁸⁶Nb	⁸⁶Mo > [ 100 % , β+ , 4,248.0 keV ] > ⁸⁶Nb						100.000'000	%	⁸⁶Sr
Isotope_042_mo_87_u	Unstable	⁸⁷Mo	Fermion	42	p	45	n	7/2	1	86.927'326'502'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-67.694'927'000'0	MeV	8.471'735'000'0	MeV	-		-		4.45E-7	year	14.050	seconds ( x⁰ )	85.000'000	%	β+	5,466.000	keV	⁸⁷Nb	⁸⁷Mo > [ 85 % , β+ , 5,466.0 keV ] > ⁸⁷Nb	β+p	?	keV	⁸⁶Zr	⁸⁷Mo > [ , β+p , ? keV ] > ⁸⁶Zr	85.000'000	%	⁸⁷Sr	15.000'000	%	⁸⁶Sr
Isotope_042_mo_88_u	Unstable	⁸⁸Mo	Boson	42	p	46	n	0	1	87.921'953'241'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-72.700'088'000'0	MeV	8.524'062'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.52E-5	year	480.000	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	2,351.000	keV	⁸⁸Nb	⁸⁸Mo > [ 100 % , β+ , 2,351.0 keV ] > ⁸⁸Nb						100.000'000	%	⁸⁸Sr
Isotope_042_mo_89_u	Unstable	⁸⁹Mo	Fermion	42	p	47	n	9/2	1	88.919'480'009'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-75.003'889'000'0	MeV	8.544'860'000'0	MeV	-		-		4.03E-6	year	127.020	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	4,624.000	keV	⁸⁹Nb	⁸⁹Mo > [ 100 % , β+ , 4,624.0 keV ] > ⁸⁹Nb						100.000'000	%	⁸⁹Y
Isotope_042_mo_90_u	Unstable	⁹⁰Mo	Boson	42	p	48	n	0	1	89.913'936'896'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-80.167'265'000'0	MeV	8.596'969'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.34E-4	year	20.016	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	1,466.800	keV	⁹⁰Nb	⁹⁰Mo > [ 100 % , β+ , 1,466.8 keV ] > ⁹⁰Nb						100.000'000	%	⁹⁰Zr
Isotope_042_mo_91_u	Unstable	⁹¹Mo	Fermion	42	p	49	n	9/2	1	90.911'750'194'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-82.204'165'000'0	MeV	8.613'577'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.95E-5	year	929.400	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	3,406.000	keV	⁹¹Nb	⁹¹Mo > [ 100 % , β+ , 3,406.0 keV ] > ⁹¹Nb						100.013'800	%	⁹¹Zr
Isotope_042_mo_92_s	Stable	⁹²Mo	Boson	42	p	50	n	0	1	91.906'810'991'0	u	14.840'000	%	13.638'970'751'1	-86.805'003'000'0	MeV	8.657'692'000'0	MeV	-		-		-				?	%	β+	-395.520	keV	⁹²Zr	⁹²Mo > [ ? % , β+ , -395.52 keV ] > ⁹²Zr						?	%	⁹²Zr
Isotope_042_mo_93_u	Unstable	⁹³Mo	Fermion	42	p	51	n	5/2	1	92.906'812'610'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-86.803'495'000'0	MeV	8.651'370'000'0	MeV	-		-		4.12E+3	years	130.017	giga-seconds ( x⁹ )	100.000'000	%	ϵ	404.780	keV	⁹³Nb	⁹³Mo > [ 100 % , ϵ , 404.78 keV ] > ⁹³Nb						100.000'000	%	⁹³Nb
Isotope_042_mo_94_s	Stable	⁹⁴Mo	Boson	42	p	52	n	0	1	93.905'088'269'0	u	9.250'000	%	8.686'220'664'9	-88.409'708'000'0	MeV	8.662'287'000'0	MeV	-		-		-
Isotope_042_mo_95_s	Stable	⁹⁵Mo	Fermion	42	p	53	n	5/2	1	94.905'842'129'0	u	15.920'000	%	15.109'010'066'9	-87.707'492'000'0	MeV	8.648'674'000'0	MeV	-0.914'200'000'0	nm	-0.022'000'000'0	b	-
Isotope_042_mo_96_s	Stable	⁹⁶Mo	Boson	42	p	54	n	0	1	95.904'679'477'0	u	16.680'000	%	15.996'900'536'8	-88.790'496'000'0	MeV	8.653'941'000'0	MeV	-		-		-
Isotope_042_mo_97_s	Stable	⁹⁷Mo	Fermion	42	p	55	n	5/2	1	96.906'021'465'0	u	9.550'000	%	9.254'525'049'9	-87.540'442'000'0	MeV	8.635'048'000'0	MeV	-0.933'500'000'0	nm	0.255'000'000'0	b	-
Isotope_042_mo_98_s	Stable	⁹⁸Mo	Boson	42	p	56	n	0	1	97.905'408'169'0	u	24.130'000	%	23.624'574'991'2	-88.111'723'000'0	MeV	8.635'125'000'0	MeV	-		-		-
Isotope_042_mo_99_u	Unstable	⁹⁹Mo	Fermion	42	p	57	n	1/2	1	98.907'711'870'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-85.965'840'000'0	MeV	8.607'754'000'0	MeV	0.375'000'000'0	nm	-		7.52E-3	year	237.401	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	1,357.320	keV	⁹⁹Tc	⁹⁹Mo > [ 100 % , β- , 1,357.32 keV ] > ⁹⁹Tc						100.000'000	%	⁹⁹Ru
Isotope_042_mo_100_u	Unstable	¹⁰⁰Mo	Boson	42	p	58	n	0	1	99.907'477'336'0	u	9.630'000	%	9.621'090'067'5	-86.184'307'000'0	MeV	8.604'575'000'0	MeV	-		-		8.56E+18	years	270.133	yotta-seconds ( x²⁴ )	100.000'000	%	2β-	3,034.680	keV	¹⁰⁰Ru	¹⁰⁰Mo > [ 100 % , 2β- , 3,034.68 keV ] > ¹⁰⁰Ru						100.000'000	%	¹⁰⁰Ru
Isotope_042_mo_101_u	Unstable	¹⁰¹Mo	Fermion	42	p	59	n	1/2	1	100.910'347'001'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-83.511'231'000'0	MeV	8.572'829'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.78E-5	year	876.600	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	2,824.600	keV	¹⁰¹Tc	¹⁰¹Mo > [ 100 % , β- , 2,824.6 keV ] > ¹⁰¹Tc						100.000'000	%	¹⁰¹Ru
Isotope_042_mo_102_u	Unstable	¹⁰²Mo	Boson	42	p	60	n	0	1	101.910'297'360'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-83.557'471'000'0	MeV	8.568'365'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.13E-5	year	672.000	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	1,008.200	keV	¹⁰²Tc	¹⁰²Mo > [ 100 % , β- , 1,008.2 keV ] > ¹⁰²Tc						100.000'000	%	¹⁰²Ru
Isotope_042_mo_103_u	Unstable	¹⁰³Mo	Fermion	42	p	61	n	3/2	1	102.913'207'142'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-80.847'027'000'0	MeV	8.537'225'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.14E-6	year	67.500	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	3,750.000	keV	¹⁰³Tc	¹⁰³Mo > [ 100 % , β- , 3,750.0 keV ] > ¹⁰³Tc						100.000'000	%	¹⁰³Rh
Isotope_042_mo_104_u	Unstable	¹⁰⁴Mo	Boson	42	p	62	n	0	1	103.913'763'625'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-80.328'666'000'0	MeV	8.527'760'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.90E-6	year	60.000	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	2,157.500	keV	¹⁰⁴Tc	¹⁰⁴Mo > [ 100 % , β- , 2,157.5 keV ] > ¹⁰⁴Tc						?	%	¹⁰⁴Pd
Isotope_042_mo_105_u	Unstable	¹⁰⁵Mo	Fermion	42	p	63	n	5/2	-1	104.916'974'610'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-77.337'653'000'0	MeV	8.494'928'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.13E-6	year	35.600	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	4,950.000	keV	¹⁰⁵Tc	¹⁰⁵Mo > [ 100 % , β- , 4,950.0 keV ] > ¹⁰⁵Tc						100.000'000	%	¹⁰⁵Pd
Isotope_042_mo_106_u	Unstable	¹⁰⁶Mo	Boson	42	p	64	n	0	1	105.918'136'802'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-76.255'078'000'0	MeV	8.480'718'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.77E-7	year	8.730	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	3,520.000	keV	¹⁰⁶Tc	¹⁰⁶Mo > [ 100 % , β- , 3,520.0 keV ] > ¹⁰⁶Tc						100.000'000	%	¹⁰⁶Pd
Isotope_042_mo_107_u	Unstable	¹⁰⁷Mo	Fermion	42	p	65	n	7/2	-1	106.921'692'604'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-72.942'869'000'0	MeV	8.445'937'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.11E-7	year	3.500	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	6,160.000	keV	¹⁰⁷Tc	¹⁰⁷Mo > [ 100 % , β- , 6,160.0 keV ] > ¹⁰⁷Tc						100.000'000	%	¹⁰⁷Ag
Isotope_042_mo_108_u	Unstable	¹⁰⁸Mo	Boson	42	p	66	n	0	1	107.923'453'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-71.303'000'000'0	MeV	8.427'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.45E-8	year	1.090	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	4,650.000	keV	¹⁰⁸Tc	¹⁰⁸Mo > [ 100 % , β- , 4,650.0 keV ] > ¹⁰⁸Tc						100.000'000	%	¹⁰⁸Pd
Isotope_042_mo_109_u	Unstable	¹⁰⁹Mo	Fermion	42	p	67	n	7/2	-1	108.927'810'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-67.245'000'000'0	MeV	8.387'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.68E-8	year	530.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	7,291.000	keV	¹⁰⁹Tc	¹⁰⁹Mo > [ 100 % , β- , 7,291.0 keV ] > ¹⁰⁹Tc						100.000'000	%	¹⁰⁹Ag	0.080'000	%	¹⁰⁸Pd
Isotope_042_mo_110_u	Unstable	¹¹⁰Mo	Boson	42	p	68	n	0	1	109.929'730'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-65.456'000'000'0	MeV	8.368'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		9.51E-9	year	300.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	5,505.000	keV	¹¹⁰Tc	¹¹⁰Mo > [ 100 % , β- , 5,505.0 keV ] > ¹¹⁰Tc	β-n	1,008.000	keV	¹⁰⁹Tc	¹¹⁰Mo > [ , β-n , 1,008.0 keV ] > ¹⁰⁹Tc	0.040'000	%	¹⁰⁹Ag	?	%	¹⁰⁸Pd	?	%	¹¹⁰Cd
Isotope_042_mo_111_u	Unstable	¹¹¹Mo	Fermion	42	p	69	n	?	0	110.934'410'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-61.097'000'000'0	MeV	8.326'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.34E-9	year	200.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	8,120.000	keV	¹¹¹Tc	¹¹¹Mo > [ ? % , β- , 8,120.0 keV ] > ¹¹¹Tc						?	%	¹¹¹Cd	?	%	¹¹⁰Cd
Isotope_042_mo_112_u	Unstable	¹¹²Mo	Boson	42	p	70	n	0	1	111.936'840'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-58.833'000'000'0	MeV	8.303'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		4.75E-9	year	150.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	7,166.000	keV	¹¹²Tc	¹¹²Mo > [ 100 % , β- , 7,166.0 keV ] > ¹¹²Tc						?	%	¹¹²Cd	?	%	¹¹¹Cd
Isotope_042_mo_113_u	Unstable	¹¹³Mo	Fermion	42	p	71	n	?	0	112.941'880'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-54.138'000'000'0	MeV	8.260'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.17E-9	year	100.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	9,585.000	keV	¹¹³Tc	¹¹³Mo > [ ? % , β- , 9,585.0 keV ] > ¹¹³Tc						?	%	¹¹³In	?	%	¹¹²Cd
Isotope_042_mo_114_u	Unstable	¹¹⁴Mo	Boson	42	p	72	n	0	1	113.944'920'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-51.307'000'000'0	MeV	8.233'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.54E-9	year	80.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	8,421.000	keV	¹¹⁴Tc	¹¹⁴Mo > [ ? % , β- , 8,421.0 keV ] > ¹¹⁴Tc						?	%	¹¹³In	?	%	¹¹⁴Sn
Isotope_042_mo_115_u	Unstable	¹¹⁵Mo	Fermion	42	p	73	n	?	0	114.950'290'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-46.305'000'000'0	MeV	8.188'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.90E-9	year	60.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	10,810.000	keV	¹¹⁵Tc	¹¹⁵Mo > [ ? % , β- , 10,810.0 keV ] > ¹¹⁵Tc	β-n	5,352.000	keV	¹¹⁴Tc	¹¹⁵Mo > [ , β-n , 5,352.0 keV ] > ¹¹⁴Tc	?	%	¹¹⁵Sn	?	%	¹¹³In	?	%	¹¹⁴Sn

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