Niobium, Nb (41)

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ATOMIC ARCHITECTURE

Spectrograph
Elemental Tile
Niobium from Fergusonite
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NIOBIUM

Nb (41)

naɪˈəʊbiəm

PHONETICS

Niobium is a lustrous, grey, ductile, paramagnetic metal, that is used to improve the strength of steel In 1961 the American physicist Eugene Kunzler and co-workers at Bell Labs discovered that niobium-tin continues to exhibit superconductivity in the presence of strong electric currents and magnetic fields.

ELEMENT BRIEF

1801 by Charles Hatchett, England.

DISCOVERY

Greek, 'Niobe' meaning 'daughter of Tantalus'.

ETYMOLOGY

Niobium

ELEMENT

Nb

SYMBOL

41

ATOMIC NUMBER

7440-03-1

CAS NUMBER
element

ELEMENTAL SPECTRUM


Grey

ELEMENTAL COLOUR


-

REFRACTIVE INDEX


0.400

POISSON RATIO


10.841 cm³

MOLAR VOLUME


736.00M Pa, 7.263'8k Atm

BRINELL HARDNESS


6.00

MOHS HARDNESS


1.32G Pa, 13.027'4k Atm

VICKERS HARDNESS


3,480 m/s, Mach 10.145'8

SPEED OF SOUND


170.00G Pa, 1.677'8M Atm

BULK MODULUS


38.00G Pa, 375.030'8k Atm

SHEAR MODULUS


105.00G Pa, 1.036'3M Atm

YOUNG MODULUS


ALLOTROPES

NONE

2,750.15 K, 2,477.00 °C

MELTING POINT


5,017.15 K, 4,744.00 °C

BOILING POINT


-

AUTOMATIC IGNITION


-

FLASHPOINT


-

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE


-

CRITICAL PRESSURE


54.000'000 W/(m K)

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY


0.000'007'3 K¯¹

THERMAL EXPANSION


265.00 J/(kg K)

SPECIFIC HEAT


26.800 kJ/mol

HEAT FUSION


690.000 kJ/mol

HEAT VAPORISATION


-

HEAT COMBUSTION


-

CURIE POINT


-

NEEL POINT


-

ADIABATIC INDEX


Solid

PHASE

Conductor

ELECTRICAL TYPE


6.70M S/m

CONDUCTIVITY


150.00n Ω.m

RESISTIVITY


09.250 K

SUPERCONDUCTING POINT


-

MAGNETIC TYPE


0.000'000'028'1

MASS SUSCEPTIBILITY


0.000'000'002'611'00

MOLAR SUSCEPTIBILITY


0.000'240'800'00

VOLUME SUSCEPTIBILITY

Transition Metal

CLASSIFICATION


92.906'378'1

ATOMIC WEIGHT


198 pm

ATOMIC RADIUS


147 pm

COVALENT RADIUS SINGLE BOND


125 pm

COVALENT RADIUS DOUBLE BOND


116 pm

COVALENT RADIUS TRIPLE BOND


207 pm

VAN DER WAALS RADIUS


[Kr]5s²4d⁴

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION


Cubic, Body-centred

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE


8.570'00 g/cm³

DENSITY AS SOLID


-

DENSITY AS LIQUID


-

DENSITY AS GAS


lm_3m

SPACE GROUP NAME


229

SPACE GROUP NUMBER


π/2, π/2 π/2

LATTICE ANGLES


330.04, 330.04 330.04 pm

LATTICE CONSTANTS

5

VALENCE


1.6

ELECTRONEGATIVITY


86.16 kJ/mol

ELECTRON AFFINITY


IONISATION ENERGY

element element element element
element element element

0.000'000'2 %

UNIVERSE


0.000'019 %

METEORITES


0.000'000'4 %

SUN


0.001'7 %

EARTH CRUST


0.000'000'000'1 %

OCEANS


-

HUMANS

Stable

HALF LIFE


Stable

LIFETIME


4d⁴ = 4, 2, +1, +1/2

QUANTUM NUMBERS


6.255'00 b σs

NEUTRON CROSS SECTION


1.150'00 b σa

NEUTRON MASS ABSORPTION


STABLE ISOTOPES

element

UNSTABLE ISOTOPES

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ISOTOPIC CHAIN

CENTRALDATACORE

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