ZIRCONIUM, Zr (40)

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ATOMIC ARCHITECTURE

Spectrograph

Elemental Tile

Zirconium from Zircon

···

OVERVIEW

ZIRCONIUM

Zr (40)

zɜːˈkəʊniəm

PHONETICS

IDENTIFICATION

Zirconium is a lustrous, grey-white, strong transition metal that resembles hafnium and, to a lesser extent, titanium. Zirconium is mainly used as a refractory and opacifier, although it is used in small amounts as an alloying agent for its strong resistance to corrosion.

ELEMENT BRIEF

1789 by Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Berlin, Germany.

DISCOVERY

Arabic, 'zargun' meaning 'gold colour'.

ETYMOLOGY

Zirconium

ELEMENT

Zr

SYMBOL

40

ATOMIC NUMBER

7440-67-7

CAS NUMBER

PHYSICAL

ELEMENTAL SPECTRUM

Silver

ELEMENTAL COLOUR

-

REFRACTIVE INDEX

0.340

POISSON RATIO

14.011 cm³

MOLAR VOLUME

650.00M Pa, 6.415'0k Atm

BRINELL HARDNESS

5.00

MOHS HARDNESS

903.00M Pa, 8.911'9k Atm

VICKERS HARDNESS

3,800 m/s, Mach 11.078'7

SPEED OF SOUND

-

BULK MODULUS

33.00G Pa, 325.684'7k Atm

SHEAR MODULUS

68.00G Pa, 671.107'8k Atm

YOUNG MODULUS

ALLOTROPES

THERMODYNAMIC

2,128.15 K, 1,855.00 °C

MELTING POINT

4,682.15 K, 4,409.00 °C

BOILING POINT

-

AUTOMATIC IGNITION

-

FLASHPOINT

-

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

-

CRITICAL PRESSURE

23.000'000 W/(m K)

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

0.000'005'7 K¯¹

THERMAL EXPANSION

278.00 J/(kg K)

SPECIFIC HEAT

21.000 kJ/mol

HEAT FUSION

580.000 kJ/mol

HEAT VAPORISATION

-

HEAT COMBUSTION

-

CURIE POINT

-

NEEL POINT

-

ADIABATIC INDEX

Solid

PHASE

ELECTROMAGNETIC

Conductor

ELECTRICAL TYPE

2.40M S/m

CONDUCTIVITY

420.00n Ω.m

RESISTIVITY

0.610 K

SUPERCONDUCTING POINT

Paramagnetic

MAGNETIC TYPE

0.000'000'016'6

MASS SUSCEPTIBILITY

0.000'000'001'514'00

MOLAR SUSCEPTIBILITY

0.000'108'100'00

VOLUME SUSCEPTIBILITY

STRUCTURE

Transition Metal

CLASSIFICATION

91.223'647'6

ATOMIC WEIGHT

206 pm

ATOMIC RADIUS

154 pm

COVALENT RADIUS SINGLE BOND

127 pm

COVALENT RADIUS DOUBLE BOND

121 pm

COVALENT RADIUS TRIPLE BOND

186 pm

VAN DER WAALS RADIUS

[Kr]5s²4d²

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

Hexagonal, Close Packed Single

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

6.511'00 g/cm³

DENSITY AS SOLID

5.800'00 g/cm³

DENSITY AS LIQUID

-

DENSITY AS GAS

P6₃/mmc

SPACE GROUP NAME

194

SPACE GROUP NUMBER

π/2, π/2 2π/3

LATTICE ANGLES

323.2, 323.2 514.7 pm

LATTICE CONSTANTS

REACTIVITY

4

VALENCE

1.33

ELECTRONEGATIVITY

41.10 kJ/mol

ELECTRON AFFINITY

IONISATION ENERGY

ELEMENTAL DISTRIBUTION

0.000'005 %

UNIVERSE

0.000'66 %

METEORITES

0.000'004 %

SUN

0.013 %

EARTH CRUST

0.000'000'002'6 %

OCEANS

0.000'005 %

HUMANS

ISOTOPES

Stable

HALF LIFE

Stable

LIFETIME

4d² = 4, 2, -1, +1/2

QUANTUM NUMBERS

6.460'00 b σ_s

NEUTRON CROSS SECTION

0.185'00 b σ_a

NEUTRON MASS ABSORPTION

STABLE ISOTOPES

UNSTABLE ISOTOPES

ISOTOPIC CHAIN

Isotope	Stability	Symbol	Type	Protons		Neutrons		Spin	Parity	Mass		Abundance		Mass Measure	Mass Excess		Binding Energy		Dipole Moment		Quadrupole Moment		Halflife in Years		Halflife in Seconds		A01 Decay Probability		A01 Decay Mode	A01 Decay Energy		A01 Decay Daughter	A01 Decay Link	A02 Decay Mode	A02 Decay Energy		A02 Decay Daughter	A02 Decay Link	Y01 Decay Product Yield		Y01 Decay Product Nuclide	Y02 Decay Product Yield		Y02 Decay Product Nuclide	Y03 Decay Product Yield		Y03 Decay Product Nuclide
Isotope_040_zr_78_u	Unstable	⁷⁸Zr	Boson	40	p	38	n	0	1	77.955'230'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-41.703'000'000'0	MeV	8.205'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.58E-9	year	50.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β+	9,802.000	keV	⁷⁸Y	⁷⁸Zr > [ ? % , β+ , 9,802.0 keV ] > ⁷⁸Y	β+p	?	keV	⁷⁷Sr	⁷⁸Zr > [ , β+p , ? keV ] > ⁷⁷Sr	?	%	⁷⁷Se	?	%	⁷⁶Se	?	%	⁷⁸Se
Isotope_040_zr_79_u	Unstable	⁷⁹Zr	Fermion	40	p	39	n	5/2	1	78.949'160'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-47.357'000'000'0	MeV	8.275'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.77E-9	year	56.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	9,977.000	keV	⁷⁹Y	⁷⁹Zr > [ 100 % , β+ , 9,977.0 keV ] > ⁷⁹Y	β+p	?	keV	⁷⁸Sr	⁷⁹Zr > [ , β+p , ? keV ] > ⁷⁸Sr	100.000'000	%	⁷⁹Br	?	%	⁷⁸Se
Isotope_040_zr_80_u	Unstable	⁸⁰Zr	Boson	40	p	40	n	0	1	79.940'400'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-55.517'043'000'0	MeV	8.374'107'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.46E-7	year	4.600	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	4,680.000	keV	⁸⁰Y	⁸⁰Zr > [ 100 % , β+ , 4,680.0 keV ] > ⁸⁰Y	β+p	?	keV	⁷⁹Sr	⁸⁰Zr > [ , β+p , ? keV ] > ⁷⁹Sr	100.000'000	%	⁸⁰Kr	?	%	⁷⁹Br
Isotope_040_zr_81_u	Unstable	⁸¹Zr	Fermion	40	p	41	n	3/2	-1	80.937'210'026'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-58.488'484'000'0	MeV	8.407'053'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.74E-7	year	5.500	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	6,507.000	keV	⁸¹Y	⁸¹Zr > [ 100 % , β+ , 6,507.0 keV ] > ⁸¹Y	β+p	?	keV	⁸⁰Sr	⁸¹Zr > [ , β+p , ? keV ] > ⁸⁰Sr	100.000'000	%	⁸¹Br	0.120'000	%	⁸⁰Kr
Isotope_040_zr_82_u	Unstable	⁸²Zr	Boson	40	p	42	n	0	1	81.931'087'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-64.192'000'000'0	MeV	8.473'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.01E-6	year	31.980	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	2,978.000	keV	⁸²Y	⁸²Zr > [ 100 % , β+ , 2,978.0 keV ] > ⁸²Y						100.000'000	%	⁸²Kr
Isotope_040_zr_83_u	Unstable	⁸³Zr	Fermion	40	p	43	n	1/2	-1	82.928'653'801'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-66.458'557'000'0	MeV	8.494'988'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.32E-6	year	41.600	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	4,845.800	keV	⁸³Y	⁸³Zr > [ 100 % , β+ , 4,845.8 keV ] > ⁸³Y	β+p	?	keV	⁸²Sr	⁸³Zr > [ , β+p , ? keV ] > ⁸²Sr	100.000'000	%	⁸³Kr	?	%	⁸²Kr
Isotope_040_zr_84_u	Unstable	⁸⁴Zr	Boson	40	p	44	n	0	1	83.923'250'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-71.492'000'000'0	MeV	8.550'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		4.91E-5	year	1.550	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	1,644.000	keV	⁸⁴Y	⁸⁴Zr > [ 100 % , β+ , 1,644.0 keV ] > ⁸⁴Y						?	%	⁸⁴Kr
Isotope_040_zr_85_u	Unstable	⁸⁵Zr	Fermion	40	p	45	n	7/2	1	84.921'471'182'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-73.149'123'000'0	MeV	8.564'8.564'8.564'8.564	MeV	-		-		1.50E-5	year	472.020	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	3,670.000	keV	⁸⁵Y	⁸⁵Zr > [ 100 % , β+ , 3,670.0 keV ] > ⁸⁵Y						100.000'000	%	⁸⁵Rb
Isotope_040_zr_86_u	Unstable	⁸⁶Zr	Boson	40	p	46	n	0	1	85.916'473'591'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-77.804'350'000'0	MeV	8.612'137'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.88E-3	year	59.400	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	457.000	keV	⁸⁶Y	⁸⁶Zr > [ 100 % , β+ , 457.0 keV ] > ⁸⁶Y						100.000'000	%	⁸⁶Sr
Isotope_040_zr_87_u	Unstable	⁸⁷Zr	Fermion	40	p	47	n	9/2	1	86.914'816'252'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-79.348'150'000'0	MeV	8.623'665'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.92E-4	year	6.050	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	2,648.370	keV	⁸⁷Y	⁸⁷Zr > [ 100 % , β+ , 2,648.37 keV ] > ⁸⁷Y						100.000'000	%	⁸⁷Sr
Isotope_040_zr_88_u	Unstable	⁸⁸Zr	Boson	40	p	48	n	0	1	87.910'226'904'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-83.623'101'000'0	MeV	8.665'968'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.28E-1	year	7.210	mega-seconds ( x⁶ )	100.000'000	%	ϵ	676.000	keV	⁸⁸Y	⁸⁸Zr > [ 100 % , ϵ , 676.0 keV ] > ⁸⁸Y						100.000'000	%	⁸⁸Sr
Isotope_040_zr_89_u	Unstable	⁸⁹Zr	Fermion	40	p	49	n	9/2	1	88.908'889'500'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-84.868'884'000'0	MeV	8.673'284'000'0	MeV	-		-		8.95E-3	year	282.303	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	1,810.660	keV	⁸⁹Y	⁸⁹Zr > [ 100 % , β+ , 1,810.66 keV ] > ⁸⁹Y						100.000'000	%	⁸⁹Y
Isotope_040_zr_90_s	Stable	⁹⁰Zr	Boson	40	p	50	n	0	1	89.904'704'416'0	u	51.450'000	%	46.255'970'422'0	-88.767'265'000'0	MeV	8.709'910'000'0	MeV	-		-		-
Isotope_040_zr_91_s	Stable	⁹¹Zr	Fermion	40	p	51	n	5/2	1	90.905'645'767'0	u	11.220'000	%	10.199'613'455'1	-87.890'402'000'0	MeV	8.693'257'000'0	MeV	-1.303'620'000'0	nm	-0.206'000'000'0	b	-
Isotope_040_zr_92_s	Stable	⁹²Zr	Boson	40	p	52	n	0	1	91.905'040'847'0	u	17.150'000	%	15.761'714'505'3	-88.453'882'000'0	MeV	8.692'622'000'0	MeV	-		-		-
Isotope_040_zr_93_u	Unstable	⁹³Zr	Fermion	40	p	53	n	5/2	1	92.906'476'006'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-87.117'040'000'0	MeV	8.671'566'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.53E+6	years	48.346	tera-seconds ( x¹² )	100.000'000	%	β-	92.240	keV	⁹³Nb	⁹³Zr > [ 100 % , β- , 92.24 keV ] > ⁹³Nb						100.000'000	%	⁹³Nb
Isotope_040_zr_94_s	Stable	⁹⁴Zr	Boson	40	p	54	n	0	1	93.906'315'192'0	u	17.380'000	%	16.320'917'580'4	-87.266'837'000'0	MeV	8.666'774'000'0	MeV	-		-		-				?	%	2β-	1,142.870	keV	⁹⁴Mo	⁹⁴Zr > [ ? % , 2β- , 1,142.87 keV ] > ⁹⁴Mo						?	%	⁹⁴Mo
Isotope_040_zr_95_u	Unstable	⁹⁵Zr	Fermion	40	p	55	n	5/2	1	94.908'042'600'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-85.657'766'000'0	MeV	-85.657'766'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.75E-1	year	5.532	mega-seconds ( x⁶ )	100.000'000	%	β-	1,124.130	keV	⁹⁵Nb	⁹⁵Zr > [ 100 % , β- , 1,124.13 keV ] > ⁹⁵Nb						100.000'000	%	⁹⁵Mo
Isotope_040_zr_96_u	Unstable	⁹⁶Zr	Boson	40	p	56	n	0	1	95.908'273'386'0	u	2.800'000	%	2.685'431'654'8	-85.442'791'000'0	MeV	8.635'368'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.41E+19	years	760.538	yotta-seconds ( x²⁴ )	100.000'000	%	2β-	3,347.700	keV	⁹⁶Mo	⁹⁶Zr > [ 100 % , 2β- , 3,347.7 keV ] > ⁹⁶Mo						100.000'000	%	⁹⁶Mo
Isotope_040_zr_97_u	Unstable	⁹⁷Zr	Fermion	40	p	57	n	1/2	1	96.910'953'109'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-82.946'645'000'0	MeV	8.603'820'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.93E-3	year	60.804	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	2,659.000	keV	⁹⁷Nb	⁹⁷Zr > [ 100 % , β- , 2,659.0 keV ] > ⁹⁷Nb						100.000'000	%	⁹⁷Mo
Isotope_040_zr_98_u	Unstable	⁹⁸Zr	Boson	40	p	58	n	0	1	97.912'734'892'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-81.286'925'000'0	MeV	8.581'450'000'0	MeV	-		-		9.73E-7	year	30.700	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	2,241.600	keV	⁹⁸Nb	⁹⁸Zr > [ 100 % , β- , 2,241.6 keV ] > ⁹⁸Nb						?	%	⁹⁸Ru
Isotope_040_zr_99_u	Unstable	⁹⁹Zr	Fermion	40	p	59	n	1/2	1	98.916'512'106'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-77.768'473'000'0	MeV	8.540'758'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.65E-8	year	2.100	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	4,558.500	keV	⁹⁹Nb	⁹⁹Zr > [ 100 % , β- , 4,558.5 keV ] > ⁹⁹Nb						100.000'000	%	⁹⁹Ru
Isotope_040_zr_100_u	Unstable	¹⁰⁰Zr	Boson	40	p	60	n	0	1	99.917'761'889'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-76.604'307'000'0	MeV	8.524'422'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.25E-7	year	7.100	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	3,335.000	keV	¹⁰⁰Nb	¹⁰⁰Zr > [ 100 % , β- , 3,335.0 keV ] > ¹⁰⁰Nb						100.000'000	%	¹⁰⁰Ru
Isotope_040_zr_101_u	Unstable	¹⁰¹Zr	Fermion	40	p	61	n	3/2	1	100.921'140'415'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-73.457'231'000'0	MeV	8.488'776'000'0	MeV	-		-		7.29E-8	year	2.300	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	5,485.000	keV	¹⁰¹Nb	¹⁰¹Zr > [ 100 % , β- , 5,485.0 keV ] > ¹⁰¹Nb						100.000'000	%	¹⁰¹Ru
Isotope_040_zr_102_u	Unstable	¹⁰²Zr	Boson	40	p	62	n	0	1	101.922'981'285'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-71.742'471'000'0	MeV	8.467'872'000'0	MeV	-		-		9.19E-8	year	2.900	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	4,605.000	keV	¹⁰²Nb	¹⁰²Zr > [ 100 % , β- , 4,605.0 keV ] > ¹⁰²Nb						100.000'000	%	¹⁰²Ru
Isotope_040_zr_103_u	Unstable	¹⁰³Zr	Fermion	40	p	63	n	5/2	-1	102.926'599'606'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-68.372'027'000'0	MeV	8.431'299'000'0	MeV	-		-		4.12E-8	year	1.300	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	6,945.000	keV	¹⁰³Nb	¹⁰³Zr > [ 100 % , β- , 6,945.0 keV ] > ¹⁰³Nb						100.000'000	%	¹⁰³Ru
Isotope_040_zr_104_u	Unstable	¹⁰⁴Zr	Boson	40	p	64	n	0	1	103.928'780'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-66.341'000'000'0	MeV	8.408'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.80E-8	year	1.200	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	5,883.000	keV	¹⁰⁴Nb	¹⁰⁴Zr > [ 100 % , β- , 5,883.0 keV ] > ¹⁰⁴Nb						0.060'000	%	¹⁰³Rh	?	%	¹⁰²Pd
Isotope_040_zr_105_u	Unstable	¹⁰⁵Zr	Fermion	40	p	65	n	?	0	104.933'050'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-62.364'000'000'0	MeV	8.367'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.90E-8	year	600.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	8,489.000	keV	¹⁰⁵Nb	¹⁰⁵Zr > [ 100 % , β- , 8,489.0 keV ] > ¹⁰⁵Nb	β-n	1,789.000	keV	¹⁰⁴Nb	¹⁰⁵Zr > [ , β-n , 1,789.0 keV ] > ¹⁰⁴Nb	98.000'000	%	¹⁰²Pd	?	%	¹⁰³Rh	?	%	¹⁰⁴Pd
Isotope_040_zr_106_u	Unstable	¹⁰⁶Zr	Boson	40	p	66	n	0	1	105.935'910'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-59.699'000'000'0	MeV	8.339'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.34E-9	year	200.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	7,396.000	keV	¹⁰⁶Nb	¹⁰⁶Zr > [ ? % , β- , 7,396.0 keV ] > ¹⁰⁶Nb						?	%	¹⁰⁶Pd	?	%	¹⁰⁵Pd
Isotope_040_zr_107_u	Unstable	¹⁰⁷Zr	Fermion	40	p	67	n	?	0	106.940'750'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-55.191'000'000'0	MeV	8.295'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		4.75E-9	year	150.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	9,725.000'000	%	β-	9,725.000	keV	¹⁰⁷Nb	¹⁰⁷Zr > [ 9725 % , β- , 9,725.0 keV ] > ¹⁰⁷Nb						?	%	¹⁰⁷Ag	?	%	¹⁰⁶Pd
Isotope_040_zr_108_u	Unstable	¹⁰⁸Zr	Boson	40	p	68	n	0	1	107.943'960'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-52.201'000'000'0	MeV	8.265'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.54E-9	year	80.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	8,495.000	keV	¹⁰⁸Nb	¹⁰⁸Zr > [ ? % , β- , 8,495.0 keV ] > ¹⁰⁸Nb	β-n	4,644.000	keV	¹⁰⁷Nb	¹⁰⁸Zr > [ , β-n , 4,644.0 keV ] > ¹⁰⁷Nb	?	%	¹⁰⁷Ag	?	%	¹⁰⁸Pd	?	%	¹⁰⁶Pd
Isotope_040_zr_109_u	Unstable	¹⁰⁹Zr	Fermion	40	p	69	n	?	0	108.949'240'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-47.283'000'000'0	MeV	8.218'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.90E-9	year	60.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	10,815.000	keV	¹⁰⁹Nb	¹⁰⁹Zr > [ ? % , β- , 10,815.0 keV ] > ¹⁰⁹Nb						?	%	¹⁰⁹Ag	?	%	¹⁰⁸Pd
Isotope_040_zr_110_u	Unstable	¹¹⁰Zr	Boson	40	p	70	n	0	1	109.952'870'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-43.901'000'000'0	MeV	8.186'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		9.51E-10	year	30.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	9,715.000	keV	¹¹⁰Nb	¹¹⁰Zr > [ ? % , β- , 9,715.0 keV ] > ¹¹⁰Nb						?	%	¹⁰⁹Ag	?	%	¹⁰⁸Pd	?	%	¹¹⁰Cd

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