BROMINE, Br (35)

HYDROGEN TO OGANESSON

ATOMIC ARCHITECTURE

Spectrograph

Elemental Tile

Bromine

···

OVERVIEW

BROMINE

Br (35)

ˈbrəʊmiːn

PHONETICS

IDENTIFICATION

Bromine is a fuming red-brown liquid at room temperature, corrosive and toxic, with properties between those of chlorine and iodine. Free bromine does not occur in nature, but occurs as colourless soluble crystalline mineral halide salts, analogous to table salt.

ELEMENT BRIEF

1826 Antoine Balard, France.

DISCOVERY

Ancient Greek, βρῶμος (brômos, 'stink').

ETYMOLOGY

Bromine

ELEMENT

Br

SYMBOL

35

ATOMIC NUMBER

7726-95-6

CAS NUMBER

PHYSICAL

ELEMENTAL SPECTRUM

Red

ELEMENTAL COLOUR

1.001'132

REFRACTIVE INDEX

-

POISSON RATIO

25.610 cm³

MOLAR VOLUME

-

BRINELL HARDNESS

-

MOHS HARDNESS

-

VICKERS HARDNESS

149 m/s, Mach 0.434'4

SPEED OF SOUND

1.90G Pa, 18.751'5k Atm

BULK MODULUS

-

SHEAR MODULUS

-

YOUNG MODULUS

ALLOTROPES

NONE

THERMODYNAMIC

265.85 K, -7.30 °C

MELTING POINT

332.15 K, 59.00 °C

BOILING POINT

-

AUTOMATIC IGNITION

255.15 K, -18.00 °C

FLASHPOINT

588.00 K, 314.85 °C

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

10.34M Pa, 102 Atm

CRITICAL PRESSURE

0.120'000 W/(m K)

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

-

THERMAL EXPANSION

947.30 J/(kg K)

SPECIFIC HEAT

5.800 kJ/mol

HEAT FUSION

14.800 kJ/mol

HEAT VAPORISATION

-

HEAT COMBUSTION

-

CURIE POINT

-

NEEL POINT

-

ADIABATIC INDEX

Liquid

PHASE

ELECTROMAGNETIC

Insulator

ELECTRICAL TYPE

100.00p S/m

CONDUCTIVITY

10.00G Ω.m

RESISTIVITY

-

SUPERCONDUCTING POINT

Diamagnetic

MAGNETIC TYPE

-0.000'000'004'9

MASS SUSCEPTIBILITY

-0.000'000'000'392'00

MOLAR SUSCEPTIBILITY

-0.000'015'300'00

VOLUME SUSCEPTIBILITY

STRUCTURE

Halogen

CLASSIFICATION

79.903'527'9

ATOMIC WEIGHT

94 pm

ATOMIC RADIUS

114 pm

COVALENT RADIUS SINGLE BOND

109 pm

COVALENT RADIUS DOUBLE BOND

110

COVALENT RADIUS TRIPLE BOND

183 pm

VAN DER WAALS RADIUS

[Ar]4s²3d¹⁰4p⁵

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

Orthorhombic, Primitive

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

3.120'00 g/cm³

DENSITY AS SOLID

3.120'00 g/cm³

DENSITY AS LIQUID

-

DENSITY AS GAS

Cmca

SPACE GROUP NAME

64

SPACE GROUP NUMBER

π/2, π/2 π/2

LATTICE ANGLES

672.65, 464.51 870.23 pm

LATTICE CONSTANTS

REACTIVITY

7

VALENCE

2.96

ELECTRONEGATIVITY

324.55 kJ/mol

ELECTRON AFFINITY

IONISATION ENERGY

ELEMENTAL DISTRIBUTION

0.000'000'7 %

UNIVERSE

0.000'12 %

METEORITES

-

SUN

0.000'3 %

EARTH CRUST

0.007'3 %

OCEANS

0.000'29 %

HUMANS

ISOTOPES

Stable

HALF LIFE

Stable

LIFETIME

4p⁵ = 4, 1, 0, -1/2

QUANTUM NUMBERS

5.900'00 b σ_s

NEUTRON CROSS SECTION

6.900'00 b σ_a

NEUTRON MASS ABSORPTION

STABLE ISOTOPES

UNSTABLE ISOTOPES

ISOTOPIC CHAIN

Isotope	Stability	Symbol	Type	Protons		Neutrons		Spin	Parity	Mass		Abundance		Mass Measure	Mass Excess		Binding Energy		Dipole Moment		Quadrupole Moment		Halflife in Years		Halflife in Seconds		A01 Decay Probability		A01 Decay Mode	A01 Decay Energy		A01 Decay Daughter	A01 Decay Link	A02 Decay Mode	A02 Decay Energy		A02 Decay Daughter	A02 Decay Link	Y01 Decay Product Yield		Y01 Decay Product Nuclide	Y02 Decay Product Yield		Y02 Decay Product Nuclide	Y03 Decay Product Yield		Y03 Decay Product Nuclide	Y04 Decay Product Yield		Y04 Decay Product Nuclide
Isotope_035_br_67_u	Unstable	⁶⁷Br	Boson	35	p	32	n	1/2	-1	66.964'790'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-32.798'000'000'0	MeV	8.152'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		?				?	%	p	1,635.000	keV	⁶⁶Se	⁶⁷Br > [ ? % , p , 1,635.0 keV ] > ⁶⁶Se						?	%	⁶⁶Zn
Isotope_035_br_68_u	Unstable	⁶⁸Br	Fermion	35	p	33	n	3	1	67.958'516'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-38.642'000'000'0	MeV	8.237'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		4.75E-14	year	1.500	micro-seconds ( x⁻⁶ )	?	%	p	560.000	keV	⁶⁷Se	⁶⁸Br > [ ? % , p , 560.0 keV ] > ⁶⁷Se						?	%	⁶⁷Zn	?	%	⁶⁶Zn
Isotope_035_br_69_u	Unstable	⁶⁹Br	Boson	35	p	34	n	1/2	-1	68.950'106'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-46.476'000'000'0	MeV	8.348'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		7.61E-16	year	24.000	nano-seconds ( x⁻⁹ )	?	%	p	450.000	keV	⁶⁸Se	⁶⁹Br > [ ? % , p , 450.0 keV ] > ⁶⁸Se						?	%	⁶⁸Zn
Isotope_035_br_70_u	Unstable	⁷⁰Br	Fermion	35	p	35	n	0	1	69.944'792'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-51.426'000'000'0	MeV	8.415'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.51E-9	year	79.100	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	9,598.000	keV	⁷⁰Se	⁷⁰Br > [ 100 % , β+ , 9,598.0 keV ] > ⁷⁰Se						100.000'000	%	⁷⁰Ge
Isotope_035_br_71_u	Unstable	⁷¹Br	Boson	35	p	36	n	5/2	-1	70.938'740'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-57.063'323'000'0	MeV	8.489'362'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.78E-7	year	21.400	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	5,031.000	keV	⁷¹Se	⁷¹Br > [ 100 % , β+ , 5,031.0 keV ] > ⁷¹Se						100.000'000	%	⁷¹Ga
Isotope_035_br_72_u	Unstable	⁷²Br	Fermion	35	p	37	n	1	1	71.936'644'572'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-59.015'201'000'0	MeV	8.510'665'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.49E-6	year	78.600	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	7,857.000	keV	⁷²Se	⁷²Br > [ 100 % , β+ , 7,857.0 keV ] > ⁷²Se						100.000'000	%	⁷²Ge
Isotope_035_br_73_u	Unstable	⁷³Br	Boson	35	p	38	n	1/2	-1	72.931'691'524'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-63.628'936'000'0	MeV	8.567'849'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.27E-6	year	198.000	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	3,566.500	keV	⁷³Se	⁷³Br > [ 100 % , β+ , 3,566.5 keV ] > ⁷³Se						100.000'000	%	⁷³Ge
Isotope_035_br_74_u	Unstable	⁷⁴Br	Fermion	35	p	39	n	0	-1	73.929'891'034'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-65.306'081'000'0	MeV	8.583'803'000'0	MeV	-		-		4.82E-5	year	1.520	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	5,884.500	keV	⁷⁴Se	⁷⁴Br > [ 100 % , β+ , 5,884.5 keV ] > ⁷⁴Se						?	%	⁷⁴Ge
Isotope_035_br_75_u	Unstable	⁷⁵Br	Boson	35	p	40	n	3/2	-1	74.925'776'207'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-69.139'018'000'0	MeV	8.628'8.628'8.628'8.628	MeV	0.750'000'000'0	nm	-		1.84E-4	year	5.796	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	2,007.800	keV	⁷⁵Se	⁷⁵Br > [ 100 % , β+ , 2,007.8 keV ] > ⁷⁵Se						100.000'000	%	⁷⁵As
Isotope_035_br_76_u	Unstable	⁷⁶Br	Fermion	35	p	41	n	1	-1	75.924'541'469'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-70.289'169'000'0	MeV	8.635'883'000'0	MeV	-0.548'210'000'0	nm	0.270'000'000'0	b	1.85E-3	year	58.284	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	3,940.680	keV	⁷⁶Se	⁷⁶Br > [ 100 % , β+ , 3,940.68 keV ] > ⁷⁶Se						100.000'000	%	⁷⁶Se
Isotope_035_br_77_u	Unstable	⁷⁷Br	Boson	35	p	42	n	3/2	-1	76.921'379'082'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-73.234'914'000'0	MeV	8.666'808'000'0	MeV	0.920'000'000'0	nm	-		6.51E-3	year	205.330	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	342.480	keV	⁷⁷Se	⁷⁷Br > [ 100 % , β+ , 342.48 keV ] > ⁷⁷Se						100.000'000	%	⁷⁷Se
Isotope_035_br_78_u	Unstable	⁷⁸Br	Fermion	23	p	43	n	1	1	77.921'145'706'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-73.452'302'000'0	MeV	8.661'960'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.23E-5	year	388.020	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	2,551.580	keV	⁷⁸Se	⁷⁸Br > [ 100 % , β+ , 2,551.58 keV ] > ⁷⁸Se	β-	727.420	keV	⁷⁸Kr	⁷⁸Br > [ , β- , 727.42 keV ] > ⁷⁸Kr	100.000'000	%	⁷⁸Se
Isotope_035_br_79_s	Stable	⁷⁹Br	Boson	35	p	44	n	3/2	-1	78.918'337'087'0	u	50.690'000	%	40.003'705'069'4	-76.068'514'000'0	MeV	8.687'600'000'0	MeV	2.106'400'000'0	nm	0.331'000'000'0	b	-
Isotope_035_br_80_u	Unstable	⁸⁰Br	Fermion	35	p	45	n	1	1	79.918'529'296'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-75.889'472'000'0	MeV	8.677'659'000'0	MeV	0.514'000'000'0	nm	0.196'000'000'0	b	3.36E-5	year	1.061	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	91.700'000	%	β-	2,003.020	keV	⁸⁰Kr	⁸⁰Br > [ 91.7 % , β- , 2,003.02 keV ] > ⁸⁰Kr	β+	848.263	keV	⁸⁰Se	⁸⁰Br > [ , β+ , 848.263 keV ] > ⁸⁰Se	91.700'000	%	⁸⁰Kr
Isotope_035_br_81_s	Stable	⁸¹Br	Boson	35	p	46	n	3/2	-1	80.916'290'563'0	u	49.310'000	%	39.899'822'876'6	-77.974'839'000'0	MeV	8.696'8.696'8.696'8.696	MeV	2.270'562'000'0	nm	0.276'000'000'0	b	-
Isotope_035_br_82_u	Unstable	⁸²Br	Fermion	35	p	47	n	5	-1	81.916'804'119'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-77.496'465'000'0	MeV	8.682'468'000'0	MeV	1.627'000'000'0	nm	0.751'000'000'0	b	4.03E-3	year	127.020	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	3,093.044	keV	⁸²Kr	⁸²Br > [ 100 % , β- , 3,093.044 keV ] > ⁸²Kr						100.000'000	%	⁸²Kr
Isotope_035_br_83_u	Unstable	⁸³Br	Boson	35	p	48	n	3/2	-1	82.915'180'421'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-79.008'930'000'0	MeV	8.693'327'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.73E-4	year	8.604	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	972.780	keV	⁸³Kr	⁸³Br > [ 100 % , β- , 972.78 keV ] > ⁸³Kr						100.000'000	%	⁸³Kr
Isotope_035_br_84_u	Unstable	⁸⁴Br	Fermion	35	p	49	n	2	-1	83.916'478'974'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-77.799'335'000'0	MeV	8.671'522'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.05E-5	year	1.910	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	4,631.000	keV	⁸⁴Kr	⁸⁴Br > [ 100 % , β- , 4,631.0 keV ] > ⁸⁴Kr						100.000'000	%	⁸⁴Kr
Isotope_035_br_85_u	Unstable	⁸⁵Br	Boson	35	p	50	n	3/2	-1	84.915'608'403'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-78.610'267'000'0	MeV	8.674'001'000'0	MeV	-		-		5.39E-6	year	169.980	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	2,870.000	keV	⁸⁵Kr	⁸⁵Br > [ 100 % , β- , 2,870.0 keV ] > ⁸⁵Kr						100.000'000	%	⁸⁵Rb
Isotope_035_br_86_u	Unstable	⁸⁶Br	Fermion	35	p	51	n	2	-1	85.918'797'577'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-75.639'570'000'0	MeV	8.632'450'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.75E-6	year	55.098	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	7,626.000	keV	⁸⁶Kr	⁸⁶Br > [ 100 % , β- , 7,626.0 keV ] > ⁸⁶Kr						?	%	⁸⁶Sr
Isotope_035_br_87_u	Unstable	⁸⁷Br	Boson	35	p	52	n	3/2	-1	86.920'711'324'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-73.856'926'000'0	MeV	8.605'510'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.76E-6	year	55.650	seconds ( x⁰ )	97.000'000	%	β-	6,852.500	keV	⁸⁷Kr	⁸⁷Br > [ 97 % , β- , 6,852.5 keV ] > ⁸⁷Kr	β-n	1,337.300	keV	⁸⁶Kr	⁸⁷Br > [ , β-n , 1,337.3 keV ] > ⁸⁶Kr	97.000'000	%	⁸⁷Sr	?	%	⁸⁶Sr
Isotope_035_br_88_u	Unstable	⁸⁸Br	Fermion	35	p	53	n	?	0	87.924'065'926'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-70.732'135'000'0	MeV	8.563'931'000'0	MeV	-		-		5.18E-7	year	16.360	seconds ( x⁰ )	93.000'000	%	β-	8,960.000	keV	⁸⁸Kr	⁸⁸Br > [ 93 % , β- , 8,960.0 keV ] > ⁸⁸Kr	β-n	1,906.000	keV	⁸⁷Kr	⁸⁸Br > [ , β-n , 1,906.0 keV ] > ⁸⁷Kr	93.000'000	%	⁸⁸Sr	6.580'000	%	⁸⁷Sr
Isotope_035_br_89_u	Unstable	⁸⁹Br	Boson	35	p	54	n	?	0	88.926'385'334'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-68.571'620'000'0	MeV	8.534'120'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.39E-7	year	4.400	seconds ( x⁰ )	86.000'000	%	β-	8,155.000	keV	⁸⁹Kr	⁸⁹Br > [ 86 % , β- , 8,155.0 keV ] > ⁸⁹Kr	β-n	3,049.200	keV	⁸⁸Kr	⁸⁹Br > [ , β-n , 3,049.2 keV ] > ⁸⁸Kr	86.000'000	%	⁸⁹Y			⁸⁸Sr
Isotope_035_br_90_u	Unstable	⁹⁰Br	Fermion	35	p	55	n	?	0	89.930'627'737'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-64.619'846'000'0	MeV	8.485'069'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.05E-8	year	1.910	seconds ( x⁰ )	75.000'000	%	β-	10,350.000	keV	⁹⁰Kr	⁹⁰Br > [ 75 % , β- , 10,350.0 keV ] > ⁹⁰Kr	β-n	4,035.450	keV	⁸⁹Kr	⁹⁰Br > [ , β-n , 4,035.45 keV ] > ⁸⁹Kr	75.000'000	%	⁹⁰Zr	25.200'000	%	⁸⁹Y
Isotope_035_br_91_u	Unstable	⁹¹Br	Boson	35	p	56	n	3/2	-1	90.933'968'095'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-61.508'323'000'0	MeV	8.446'330'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.71E-8	year	541.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	80.000'000	%	β-	9,802.000	keV	⁹¹Kr	⁹¹Br > [ 80 % , β- , 9,802.0 keV ] > ⁹¹Kr	β-n	5,390.200	keV	⁹⁰Kr	⁹¹Br > [ , β-n , 5,390.2 keV ] > ⁹⁰Kr	80.000'000	%	⁹¹Zr	20.000'000	%	⁹⁰Zr
Isotope_035_br_92_u	Unstable	⁹²Br	Fermion	35	p	57	n	2	-1	91.939'258'714'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-56.580'144'000'0	MeV	8.388'687'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.09E-8	year	343.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	67.000'000	%	β-	12,204.900	keV	⁹²Kr	⁹²Br > [ 67 % , β- , 12,204.9 keV ] > ⁹²Kr	β-n	6,658.900	keV	⁹¹Kr	⁹²Br > [ , β-n , 6,658.9 keV ] > ⁹¹Kr	67.000'000	%	⁹²Zr	33.129'413	%	⁹¹Zr
Isotope_035_br_93_u	Unstable	⁹³Br	Boson	35	p	58	n	3/2	-1	92.943'050'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-53.049'000'000'0	MeV	8.347'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.23E-9	year	102.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	68.000'000	%	β-n	7,665.000	keV	⁹²Kr	⁹³Br > [ 68 % , β-n , 7,665.0 keV ] > ⁹²Kr	β-	10,969.000	keV	⁹³Kr	⁹³Br > [ , β- , 10,969.0 keV ] > ⁹³Kr	69.059'904	%	⁹²Zr	31.046'400	%	⁹³Nb	0.029'919	%	⁹¹Zr
Isotope_035_br_94_u	Unstable	⁹⁴Br	Fermion	35	p	59	n	?	0	93.948'680'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-47.804'000'000'0	MeV	8.289'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.22E-9	year	70.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	70.000'000	%	β-n	8,142.000	keV	⁹³Kr	⁹⁴Br > [ 70 % , β-n , 8,142.0 keV ] > ⁹³Kr	β-	13,339.000	keV	⁹⁴Kr	⁹⁴Br > [ , β- , 13,339.0 keV ] > ⁹⁴Kr	71.216'640	%	⁹³Nb	2.323'169	%	⁹²Zr	0.000'146	%	⁹¹Zr	?	%	⁹⁴Mo
Isotope_035_br_95_u	Unstable	⁹⁵Br	Boson	35	p	60	n	3/2	-1	94.952'870'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-43.901'000'000'0	MeV	8.245'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.58E-9	year	50.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	12,137.000	keV	⁹⁵Kr	⁹⁵Br > [ ? % , β- , 12,137.0 keV ] > ⁹⁵Kr						?	%	⁹³Nb	?	%	⁹⁵Mo	?	%	⁹⁴Mo
Isotope_035_br_96_u	Unstable	⁹⁶Br	Fermion	35	p	61	n	?	0	95.958'530'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-38.629'000'000'0	MeV	8.188'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.34E-10	year	20.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	14,401.100	keV	⁹⁵Kr	⁹⁶Br > [ ? % , β- , 14,401.1 keV ] > ⁹⁵Kr						?	%	⁹⁶Mo	?	%	⁹⁵Mo	?	%	⁹⁴Mo
Isotope_035_br_97_u	Unstable	⁹⁷Br	Boson	35	p	62	n	3/2	-1	96.962'800'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-34.652'000'000'0	MeV	8.146'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.17E-10	year	10.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	13,264.000	keV	⁹⁷Kr	⁹⁷Br > [ ? % , β- , 13,264.0 keV ] > ⁹⁷Kr						?	%	⁹⁷Mo	?	%	⁹⁶Mo	?	%	⁹⁵Mo

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