COBALT, Co (27)

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ATOMIC ARCHITECTURE

Spectrograph

Elemental Tile

Cobalt from Cobaltite

···

OVERVIEW

COBALT

Co (27)

ˈkəʊˈbɔːlt

PHONETICS

IDENTIFICATION

Cobalt is a hard, lustrous, silver-grey metal and resides within the Earth’s crust, yet can be found in a chemically combined form, reductive smelting or from small deposits found in alloys of meteoric iron.

ELEMENT BRIEF

1735 by Georg Brandt, Sweden.

DISCOVERY

German, Kobold ('goblin'), from Middle High German.

ETYMOLOGY

Cobalt

ELEMENT

Co

SYMBOL

27

ATOMIC NUMBER

7440-48-4

CAS NUMBER

PHYSICAL

ELEMENTAL SPECTRUM

Grey

ELEMENTAL COLOUR

-

REFRACTIVE INDEX

0.310

POISSON RATIO

6.622 cm³

MOLAR VOLUME

700.00M Pa, 6.908'5k Atm

BRINELL HARDNESS

5.00

MOHS HARDNESS

1.04G Pa, 10.293'6k Atm

VICKERS HARDNESS

4,720 m/s, Mach 13.760'9

SPEED OF SOUND

180.00G Pa, 1.776'5M Atm

BULK MODULUS

75.00G Pa, 740.192'5k Atm

SHEAR MODULUS

209.00G Pa, 2.062'7M Atm

YOUNG MODULUS

ALLOTROPES

THERMODYNAMIC

1,768.15 K, 1,495.00 °C

MELTING POINT

3,200.15 K, 2,927.00 °C

BOILING POINT

-

AUTOMATIC IGNITION

-

FLASHPOINT

-

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

-

CRITICAL PRESSURE

100.000'000 W/(m K)

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

0.000'013'0 K¯¹

THERMAL EXPANSION

421.00 J/(kg K)

SPECIFIC HEAT

16.200 kJ/mol

HEAT FUSION

375.000 kJ/mol

HEAT VAPORISATION

-

HEAT COMBUSTION

1,394.00 K, 1,120.85 °C

CURIE POINT

-

NEEL POINT

-

ADIABATIC INDEX

Solid

PHASE

ELECTROMAGNETIC

Conductor

ELECTRICAL TYPE

17.00M S/m

CONDUCTIVITY

60.00n Ω.m

RESISTIVITY

-

SUPERCONDUCTING POINT

Ferromagnetic

MAGNETIC TYPE

-

MASS SUSCEPTIBILITY

-

MOLAR SUSCEPTIBILITY

-

VOLUME SUSCEPTIBILITY

STRUCTURE

Transition Metal

CLASSIFICATION

58.933'195'0

ATOMIC WEIGHT

152 pm

ATOMIC RADIUS

111 pm

COVALENT RADIUS SINGLE BOND

103 pm

COVALENT RADIUS DOUBLE BOND

96 pm

COVALENT RADIUS TRIPLE BOND

192 pm

VAN DER WAALS RADIUS

[Ar]4s²3d⁷

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

Hexagonal, Close Packed Single

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

8.900'00 g/cm³

DENSITY AS SOLID

7.750'00 g/cm³

DENSITY AS LIQUID

-

DENSITY AS GAS

P6₃/mmc

SPACE GROUP NAME

194

SPACE GROUP NUMBER

π/2, π/2 2π/3

LATTICE ANGLES

250.71, 250.71 406.95 pm

LATTICE CONSTANTS

REACTIVITY

4

VALENCE

1.88

ELECTRONEGATIVITY

64.00 kJ/mol

ELECTRON AFFINITY

IONISATION ENERGY

ELEMENTAL DISTRIBUTION

0.000'3 %

UNIVERSE

0.059 %

METEORITES

0.000'6 %

SUN

0.003 %

EARTH CRUST

0.000'000'008 %

OCEANS

0.000'002 %

HUMANS

ISOTOPES

Stable

HALF LIFE

Stable

LIFETIME

3d⁷ = 3, 2, -1, -1/2

QUANTUM NUMBERS

5.600'00 b σ_s

NEUTRON CROSS SECTION

37.180'00 b σ_a

NEUTRON MASS ABSORPTION

STABLE ISOTOPES

UNSTABLE ISOTOPES

ISOTOPIC CHAIN

Isotope	Stability	Symbol	Type	Protons		Neutrons		Spin	Parity	Mass		Abundance		Mass Measure	Mass Excess		Binding Energy		Dipole Moment		Quadrupole Moment		Halflife in Years		Halflife in Seconds		A01 Decay Probability		A01 Decay Mode	A01 Decay Energy		A01 Decay Daughter	A01 Decay Link	A02 Decay Probability		A02 Decay Mode	A02 Decay Energy		A02 Decay Daughter	A02 Decay Link	Y01 Decay Product Yield		Y01 Decay Product Nuclide	Y02 Decay Product Yield		Y02 Decay Product Nuclide	Y03 Decay Product Yield		Y03 Decay Product Nuclide	Y04 Decay Product Yield		Y04 Decay Product Nuclide
Isotope_027_co_47_u	Unstable	⁴⁷Co	Boson	27	p	20	n	7/1	-1	47.011'490'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	10.703'000'000'0	MeV	7.394'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		?				?	%	p	2,659.000	keV	⁴⁶Fe	⁴⁷Co > [ ? % , p , 2,659.0 keV ] > ⁴⁶Fe								?	%	⁴⁶Ti	?	%	⁴⁵Sc	?	%	⁴⁴Ca	?	%	⁴⁵Ca
Isotope_027_co_48_u	Unstable	⁴⁸Co	Fermion	27	p	21	n	6	1	48.001'760'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	1.639'000'000'0	MeV	7.597'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		?				?	%	p	973.000	keV	⁴⁷Fe	⁴⁸Co > [ ? % , p , 973.0 keV ] > ⁴⁷Fe								?	%	⁴⁶Ti
Isotope_027_co_49_u	Unstable	⁴⁹Co	Boson	27	p	22	n	7/2	-1	48.989'720'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-9.576'000'000'0	MeV	7.836'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.109E-15	year	35.000	nano-seconds ( x⁻⁹ )	?	%	p	1,296.000	keV	⁴⁸Fe	⁴⁹Co > [ ? % , p , 1,296.0 keV ] > ⁴⁸Fe								?	%	⁴⁸Ti	?	%	⁴⁷Ti	?	%	⁴⁴Ca	?	%
Isotope_027_co_50_u	Unstable	⁵⁰Co	Fermion	27	p	23	n	6	1	49.981'540'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-17.195'000'000'0	MeV	7.993'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.394E-9	year	44.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	54.000'000	%	β+p	?	keV	⁴⁹Mn	⁵⁰Co > [ 54 % , β+p , ? keV ] > ⁴⁹Mn	46.000'000	%	β+	16,258.000	keV	⁵⁰Fe	⁵⁰Co > [ 46 % , β+ , 16,258.0 keV ] > ⁵⁰Fe	54.000'000	%	⁴⁹Ti	?	%	⁵⁰Ti
Isotope_027_co_51_u	Unstable	⁵¹Co	Boson	27	p	24	n	7/2	-1	50.970'720'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-27.274'000'000'0	MeV	8.192'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.901E-9	year	60.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β+	11,926.000	keV	⁵¹Fe	⁵¹Co > [ ? % , β+ , 11,926.0 keV ] > ⁵¹Fe								?	%	⁵¹V
Isotope_027_co_52_u	Unstable	⁵²Co	Fermion	27	p	25	n	6	1	51.963'590'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-33.916'000'000'0	MeV	8.317'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.644E-9	year	115.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	13,393.800	keV	⁵²Fe	⁵²Co > [ 100 % , β+ , 13,393.8 keV ] > ⁵²Fe								100.000'000	%	⁵²Cr
Isotope_027_co_53_u	Unstable	⁵³Co	Boson	27	p	26	n	7/2	-1	52.954'218'896'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-42.644'824'000'0	MeV	8.477'382'000'0	MeV	-		-		7.669E-9	year	242.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	7,278.300	keV	⁵³Fe	⁵³Co > [ 100 % , β+ , 7,278.3 keV ] > ⁵³Fe								100.000'000	%	⁵³Cr
Isotope_027_co_54_u	Unstable	⁵⁴Co	Fermion	27	p	27	n	0	1	53.948'459'635'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-48.009'541'000'0	MeV	8.569'209'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.123E-9	year	193.230	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	7,220.716	keV	⁵⁴Fe	⁵⁴Co > [ 100 % , β+ , 7,220.716 keV ] > ⁵⁴Fe								?	%	⁵⁴Cr
Isotope_027_co_55_u	Unstable	⁵⁵Co	Boson	27	p	28	n	7/2	-1	54.941'999'029'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-54.027'557'000'0	MeV	8.669'575'000'0	MeV	4.822'000'000'0	nm	-		2.000E-3	year	63.110	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	2,429.611	keV	⁵⁵Fe	⁵⁵Co > [ 100 % , β+ , 2,429.611 keV ] > ⁵⁵Fe								100.000'000	%	⁵⁵Mn
Isotope_027_co_56_u	Unstable	⁵⁶Co	Fermion	27	p	29	n	4	1	55.939'839'278'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-56.039'352'000'0	MeV	8.694'817'000'0	MeV	3.851'000'000'0	nm	0.250'000'000'0	b	2.115E-1	year	6.673	mega-seconds ( x⁶ )	100.000'000	%	β+	3,543.800	keV	⁵⁶Fe	⁵⁶Co > [ 100 % , β+ , 3,543.8 keV ] > ⁵⁶Fe								100.000'000	%	⁵⁶Fe
Isotope_027_co_57_u	Unstable	⁵⁷Co	Boson	27	p	30	n	7/2	-1	56.936'291'373'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-59.344'204'000'0	MeV	8.741'858'000'0	MeV	4.720'000'000'0	nm	0.520'000'000'0	b	7.440E-1	year	23.478	mega-seconds ( x⁶ )	100.000'000	%	ϵ	835.927	keV	⁵⁷Fe	⁵⁷Co > [ 100 % , ϵ , 835.927 keV ] > ⁵⁷Fe								100.000'000	%	⁵⁷Fe
Isotope_027_co_58_u	Unstable	⁵⁸Co	Fermion	27	p	31	n	2	1	57.935'752'814'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-59.845'868'000'0	MeV	8.738'947'000'0	MeV	4.044'000'000'0	nm	0.220'000'000'0	b	1.940E-1	year	6.122	mega-seconds ( x⁶ )	100.000'000	%	β+	1,285.350	keV	⁵⁸Fe	⁵⁸Co > [ 100 % , β+ , 1,285.35 keV ] > ⁵⁸Fe								100.000'000	%	⁵⁸Fe
Isotope_027_co_59_s	Stable	⁵⁹Co	Boson	27	p	32	n	7/2	-1	58.933'195'048'0	u	100.000'000	%	58.933'195'048'0	-62.228'412'000'0	MeV	8.768'013'000'0	MeV	4.627'000'000'0	nm	0.404'000'000'0	b	-
Isotope_027_co_60_u	Unstable	⁶⁰Co	Fermion	27	p	33	n	5	1	59.933'817'059'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-61.649'012'000'0	MeV	8.746'745'000'0	MeV	3.799'000'000'0	nm	0.440'000'000'0	b	5.275E+0	years	166.464	mega-seconds ( x⁶ )	100.000'000	%	β-	2,823.067	keV	⁶⁰Ni	⁶⁰Co > [ 100 % , β- , 2,823.067 keV ] > ⁶⁰Ni								100.000'000	%	⁶⁰Ni
Isotope_027_co_61_u	Unstable	⁶¹Co	Boson	27	p	34	n	7/2	-1	60.932'475'763'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-62.898'422'000'0	MeV	8.756'154'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.882E-4	year	5.940	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	1,322.470	keV	⁶¹Ni	⁶¹Co > [ 100 % , β- , 1,322.47 keV ] > ⁶¹Ni								100.000'000	%	⁶¹Ni
Isotope_027_co_62_u	Unstable	⁶²Co	Fermion	27	p	35	n	2	1	61.934'050'563'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-61.431'505'000'0	MeV	8.721'448'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.852E-6	year	90.000	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	5,314.600	keV	⁶²Ni	⁶²Co > [ 100 % , β- , 5,314.6 keV ] > ⁶²Ni								100.000'000	%	⁶²Ni
Isotope_027_co_63_u	Unstable	⁶³Co	Boson	27	p	36	n	7/2	-1	62.933'611'611'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-61.840'387'000'0	MeV	8.717'619'000'0	MeV	-		-		8.524E-7	year	26.900	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	3,672.200	keV	⁶³Ni	⁶³Co > [ 100 % , β- , 3,672.2 keV ] > ⁶³Ni								100.000'000	%	⁶³Cu
Isotope_027_co_64_u	Unstable	⁶⁴Co	Fermion	27	p	37	n	1	1	63.935'809'908'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-59.792'686'000'0	MeV	8.675'525'000'0	MeV	-		-		9.506E-9	year	300.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	7,306.600	keV	⁶⁴Ni	⁶⁴Co > [ 100 % , β- , 7,306.6 keV ] > ⁶⁴Ni								100.000'000	%	⁶⁴Ni
Isotope_027_co_65_u	Unstable	⁶⁵Co	Boson	27	p	38	n	7/2	-1	64.936'478'460'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-59.169'934'000'0	MeV	8.656'649'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.803E-8	year	1.200	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	5,956.100	keV	⁶⁵Ni	⁶⁵Co > [ 100 % , β- , 5,956.1 keV ] > ⁶⁵Ni								100.000'000	%	⁶⁵Cu
Isotope_027_co_66_u	Unstable	⁶⁶Co	Fermion	27	p	39	n	3	1	65.939'762'004'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-56.111'332'000'0	MeV	8.601'438'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.147E-9	year	194.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	9,895.000	keV	⁶⁶Ni	⁶⁶Co > [ 100 % , β- , 9,895.0 keV ] > ⁶⁶Ni								100.000'000	%	⁶⁶Zn
Isotope_027_co_67_u	Unstable	⁶⁷Co	Boson	27	p	40	n	7/2	-1	66.940'889'529'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-55.061'049'000'0	MeV	8.577'850'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.347E-8	year	425.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	8,682.000	keV	⁶⁷Ni	⁶⁷Co > [ 100 % , β- , 8,682.0 keV ] > ⁶⁷Ni								100.000'000	%	⁶⁷Zn
Isotope_027_co_68_u	Unstable	⁶⁸Co	Fermion	27	p	41	n	7	-1	67.944'873'058'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-51.350'415'000'0	MeV	8.515'833'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.338E-9	year	200.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	12,113.000	keV	⁶⁸Ni	⁶⁸Co > [ 100 % , β- , 12,113.0 keV ] > ⁶⁸Ni								100.000'000	%	⁶⁸Zn
Isotope_027_co_69_u	Unstable	⁶⁹Co	Boson	27	p	42	n	7/2	-1	68.946'320'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-50.002'598'000'0	MeV	8.489'857'000'0	MeV	-		-		7.193E-9	year	227.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	99.000'000	%	β-	9,976.000	keV	⁶⁹Ni	⁶⁹Co > [ 99 % , β- , 9,976.0 keV ] > ⁶⁹Ni	1.000'000	%	β-n	5,390.000	keV	⁶⁸Ni	⁶⁹Co > [ 1 % , β-n , 5,390.0 keV ] > ⁶⁸Ni	99.000'000	%	⁶⁹Ga	1.000'000	%	⁶⁸Zn
Isotope_027_co_70_u	Unstable	⁷⁰Co	Fermion	27	p	43	n	?	0	69.951'000'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-45.643'206'000'0	MeV	8.421'601'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.961E-9	year	125.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	13,507.000	keV	⁷⁰Ni	⁷⁰Co > [ 100 % , β- , 13,507.0 keV ] > ⁷⁰Ni	?	%	β-n	6,264.000	keV	⁶⁹Ni	⁷⁰Co > [ ? % , β-n , 6,264.0 keV ] > ⁶⁹Ni	?	%	⁶⁹Ga	?	%	⁷⁰Ge
Isotope_027_co_71_u	Unstable	⁷¹Co	Boson	27	p	44	n	7/2	-1	70.952'900'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-43.873'368'000'0	MeV	8.391'740'000'0	MeV	-		-		3.074E-9	year	97.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	11,330.000	keV	⁷¹Ni	⁷¹Co > [ 100 % , β- , 11,330.0 keV ] > ⁷¹Ni	?	%	β-n	7,205.000	keV	⁷⁰Ni	⁷¹Co > [ ? % , β-n , 7,205.0 keV ] > ⁷⁰Ni	100.000'000	%	⁷¹Ga	?	%	⁷¹Ge
Isotope_027_co_72_u	Unstable	⁷²Co	Fermion	27	p	45	n	?	0	71.957'810'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-39.300'000'000'0	MeV	8.324'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.852E-9	year	90.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	14,641.000	keV	⁷²Ni	⁷²Co > [ 100 % , β- , 14,641.0 keV ] > ⁷²Ni	?	%	β-n	7,833.000	keV	⁷¹Ni	⁷²Co > [ ? % , β-n , 7,833.0 keV ] > ⁷¹Ni	100.000'000	%	⁷²Ge	?	%	⁷¹Ga
Isotope_027_co_73_u	Unstable	⁷³Co	Boson	27	p	46	n	7/2	-1	72.960'240'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-37.036'000'000'0	MeV	8.289'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.535E-9	year	80.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	12,827.000	keV	⁷³Ni	⁷³Co > [ ? % , β- , 12,827.0 keV ] > ⁷³Ni								?	%	⁷³Ge	?	%	⁷²Ge
Isotope_027_co_74_u	Unstable	⁷⁴Co	Fermion	27	p	47	n	?	0	73.965'380'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-32.248'000'000'0	MeV	8.222'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.584E-9	year	50.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	16,124.000	keV	⁷⁴Ni	⁷⁴Co > [ ? % , β- , 16,124.0 keV ] > ⁷⁴Ni								?	%	⁷⁴Ge	?	%	⁷³Ge	?	%	⁷²Ge
Isotope_027_co_75_u	Unstable	⁷⁵Co	Boson	27	p	48	n	7/2	-1	74.968'330'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-29.500'000'000'0	MeV	8.183'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.268E-9	year	40.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	14,401.000	keV	⁷⁵Ni	⁷⁵Co > [ ? % , β- , 14,401.0 keV ] > ⁷⁵Ni								?	%	⁷⁴Ge	?	%	⁷⁵As

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