IRON, Fe (26)

HYDROGEN TO OGANESSON

ATOMIC ARCHITECTURE

Spectrograph

Elemental Tile

Iron

···

OVERVIEW

IRON

Fe (26)

ˈaɪərn

PHONETICS

IDENTIFICATION

Iron has a lustrous silvery-grey appearance, but oxidises in normal air to give hydrated iron oxides, commonly known as rust. Unlike many other metals which form passivating oxide layers, iron oxides occupy more volume than the metal and thus flake off, exposing fresh surfaces for corrosion.

ELEMENT BRIEF

Circa 5,000 BCE.

DISCOVERY

Anglo-Saxon 'iron' or 'iren'. The symbol 'Fe', is from the Latin 'ferrum', meaning 'iron').

ETYMOLOGY

Iron

ELEMENT

Fe

SYMBOL

26

ATOMIC NUMBER

7439-89-6

CAS NUMBER

PHYSICAL

ELEMENTAL SPECTRUM

Grey

ELEMENTAL COLOUR

-

REFRACTIVE INDEX

0.290

POISSON RATIO

7.092 cm³

MOLAR VOLUME

490.00M Pa, 4.835'9k Atm

BRINELL HARDNESS

4.00

MOHS HARDNESS

608.00M Pa, 6.000'5k Atm

VICKERS HARDNESS

4,910 m/s, Mach 14.314'9

SPEED OF SOUND

170.00G Pa, 1.677'8M Atm

BULK MODULUS

82.00G Pa, 809.277'1k Atm

SHEAR MODULUS

211.00G Pa, 2.082'4M Atm

YOUNG MODULUS

ALLOTROPES

THERMODYNAMIC

1,811.15 K, 1,538.00 °C

MELTING POINT

3,134.15 K, 2,861.00 °C

BOILING POINT

373.15 K, 100.00 °C

AUTOMATIC IGNITION

-

FLASHPOINT

-

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

-

CRITICAL PRESSURE

80.000'000 W/(m K)

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

0.000'011'8 K¯¹

THERMAL EXPANSION

449.00 J/(kg K)

SPECIFIC HEAT

13.800 kJ/mol

HEAT FUSION

347.000 kJ/mol

HEAT VAPORISATION

-

HEAT COMBUSTION

1,043.00 K, 769.85 °C

CURIE POINT

100.00 K, -173.15 °C

NEEL POINT

-

ADIABATIC INDEX

Solid

PHASE

ELECTROMAGNETIC

Conductor

ELECTRICAL TYPE

10.00M S/m

CONDUCTIVITY

97.00n Ω.m

RESISTIVITY

-

SUPERCONDUCTING POINT

Ferromagnetic

MAGNETIC TYPE

-

MASS SUSCEPTIBILITY

-

MOLAR SUSCEPTIBILITY

-

VOLUME SUSCEPTIBILITY

STRUCTURE

Transition Metal

CLASSIFICATION

55.845'145'6

ATOMIC WEIGHT

156 pm

ATOMIC RADIUS

116 pm

COVALENT RADIUS SINGLE BOND

109 pm

COVALENT RADIUS DOUBLE BOND

102 pm

COVALENT RADIUS TRIPLE BOND

194 pm

VAN DER WAALS RADIUS

[Ar]4s²3d⁶

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

Cubic, Body-centred

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

7.874'00 g/cm³

DENSITY AS SOLID

6.980'00 g/cm³

DENSITY AS LIQUID

-

DENSITY AS GAS

lm_3m

SPACE GROUP NAME

229

SPACE GROUP NUMBER

π/2, π/2 π/2

LATTICE ANGLES

286.65, 286.65 286.65 pm

LATTICE CONSTANTS

REACTIVITY

3

VALENCE

1.83

ELECTRONEGATIVITY

14.57 kJ/mol

ELECTRON AFFINITY

IONISATION ENERGY

ELEMENTAL DISTRIBUTION

0.11 %

UNIVERSE

22 %

METEORITES

0.1 %

SUN

6.3 %

EARTH CRUST

0.000'000'3 %

OCEANS

0.006 %

HUMANS

ISOTOPES

Stable

HALF LIFE

Stable

LIFETIME

3d⁶ = 3, 2, -2, -1/2

QUANTUM NUMBERS

2.560'00 b σ_s

NEUTRON CROSS SECTION

13.300'00 b σ_a

NEUTRON MASS ABSORPTION

STABLE ISOTOPES

UNSTABLE ISOTOPES

ISOTOPIC CHAIN

Isotope	Stability	Symbol	Type	Protons		Neutrons		Spin	Parity	Mass		Abundance		Mass Measure	Mass Excess		Binding Energy		Dipole Moment		Quadrupole Moment	Halflife in Years		Halflife in Seconds		A01 Decay Probability		A01 Decay Mode	A01 Decay Energy		A01 Decay Daughter	A01 Decay Link	A02 Decay Probability		A02 Decay Mode	A02 Decay Energy		A02 Decay Daughter	A02 Decay Link	Y01 Decay Product Yield		Y01 Decay Product Nuclide	Y02 Decay Product Yield		Y02 Decay Product Nuclide	Y03 Decay Product Yield		Y03 Decay Product Nuclide	Y04 Decay Product Yield		Y04 Decay Product Nuclide	Y05 Decay Product Yield		Y05 Decay Product Nuclide	Y06 Decay Product Yield		Y06 Decay Product Nuclide	Y07 Decay Product Yield		Y07 Decay Product Nuclide	Y08 Decay Product Yield		Y08 Decay Product Nuclide	Y09 Decay Product Yield		Y09 Decay Product Nuclide	Y10 Decay Product Yield		Y10 Decay Product Nuclide	Y11 Decay Product Yield		Y11 Decay Product Nuclide	Y12 Decay Product Yield		Y12 Decay Product Nuclide
Isotope_026_fe_45_u	Unstable	⁴⁵Fe	Fermion	26	p	19	n	3/2	1	45.014'578'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	13.579'000'000'0	MeV	7.318'000'000'0	MeV	-		-	1.55E-10	year	4.900	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	75.000'000	%	2p	1,134.500	keV	⁴³Cr	⁴⁵Fe > [ 75 % , 2p , 1,134.5 keV ] > ⁴³Cr	25.000'000	%	β+p	?	keV	⁴⁴Cr	⁴⁵Fe > [ 25 % , β+p , ? keV ] > ⁴⁴Cr	23.250'000	%	⁴⁴Ca	17.250'000	%	⁴²Ca	4.500'000	%	⁴¹K	1.750'000	%	⁴³Ca	?	%	³⁸Ar	?	%	⁴⁰Ar	?	%	⁴⁰Ar	?	%	⁴⁰Ar	?	%	⁴⁰Ar	?	%	⁴⁰Ar	?	%	⁴⁰Ar	?	%	⁴⁰Ar
Isotope_026_fe_46_u	Unstable	⁴⁶Fe	Boson	26	p	20	n	0	1	46.000'810'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	0.755'000'000'0	MeV	7.613'000'000'0	MeV	-		-	2.85E-10	year	9.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	64.000'000	%	β+	12,103.000	keV	⁴⁶Mn	⁴⁶Fe > [ 64 % , β+ , 12,103.0 keV ] > ⁴⁶Mn	36.000'000	%	β+p	?	keV	⁴⁵Cr	⁴⁶Fe > [ 36 % , β+p , ? keV ] > ⁴⁵Cr	40.360'000	%	⁴⁵Sc	38.400'000	%	⁴⁶Ti	21.240'000	%	⁴⁴Ca	?	%	⁴²Ca
Isotope_026_fe_47_u	Unstable	⁴⁷Fe	Fermion	26	p	21	n	7/2	-1	46.992'890'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-6.623'000'000'0	MeV	7.779'000'000'0	MeV	-		-	6.91E-10	year	21.800	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	87.000'000	%	β+p	?	keV	⁴⁶Cr	⁴⁷Fe > [ 87 % , β+p , ? keV ] > ⁴⁶Cr								87.000'000	%	⁴⁶Ti
Isotope_026_fe_48_u	Unstable	⁴⁸Fe	Boson	26	p	22	n	0	1	47.980'504'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-18.160'000'000'0	MeV	8.026'000'000'0	MeV	-		-	1.39E-9	year	44.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	96.000'000	%	β+	10,141.000	keV	⁴⁸Mn	⁴⁸Fe > [ 96 % , β+ , 10,141.0 keV ] > ⁴⁸Mn	3.600'000	%	β+p	?	keV	⁴⁷Cr	⁴⁸Fe > [ 3.6 % , β+p , ? keV ] > ⁴⁷Cr	96.000'000	%	⁴⁸Ti	3.868'800	%	⁴⁷Ti	0.000'576	%	⁴⁴Ca
Isotope_026_fe_49_u	Unstable	⁴⁹Fe	Fermion	26	p	23	n	7/2	-1	48.973'610'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-24.582'000'000'0	MeV	8.158'000'000'0	MeV	-		-	2.22E-9	year	70.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	52.000'000	%	β+p	?	keV	⁴⁸Cr	⁴⁹Fe > [ 52 % , β+p , ? keV ] > ⁴⁸Cr	48.000'000	%	β+	12,011.000	keV	⁴⁹Mn	⁴⁹Fe > [ 48 % , β+ , 12,011.0 keV ] > ⁴⁹Mn	52.000'000	%	⁴⁸Ti	48.000'000	%	⁴⁹Ti
Isotope_026_fe_50_u	Unstable	⁵⁰Fe	Boson	26	p	24	n	0	1	49.962'988'982'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-34.475'541'000'0	MeV	8.354'008'000'0	MeV	-		-	3.87E-9	year	122.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	7,129.100	keV	⁵⁰Mn	⁵⁰Fe > [ 100 % , β+ , 7,129.1 keV ] > ⁵⁰Mn	?	%	β+p	?	keV	⁴⁹Cr	⁵⁰Fe > [ ? % , β+p , ? keV ] > ⁴⁹Cr	?	%	⁴⁹Ti	?	%	⁵⁰Ti
Isotope_026_fe_51_u	Unstable	⁵¹Fe	Fermion	26	p	25	n	5/2	-1	50.956'819'538'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-40.222'341'000'0	MeV	8.461'147'000'0	MeV	-		-	9.66E-9	year	305.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	6,996.800	keV	⁵¹Mn	⁵¹Fe > [ 100 % , β+ , 6,996.8 keV ] > ⁵¹Mn								100.000'000	%	⁵¹V
Isotope_026_fe_52_u	Unstable	⁵²Fe	Boson	26	p	26	n	0	1	51.948'113'875'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-48.331'615'000'0	MeV	8.609'598'000'0	MeV	-		-	9.44E-4	year	29.790	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	1,351.630	keV	⁵²Mn	⁵²Fe > [ 100 % , β+ , 1,351.63 keV ] > ⁵²Mn								100.000'000	%	⁵²Cr
Isotope_026_fe_53_u	Unstable	⁵³Fe	Fermion	26	p	27	n	7/2	-1	52.945'307'942'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-50.945'323'000'0	MeV	8.648'757'000'0	MeV	-		-	1.62E-5	year	511.020	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	2,720.380	keV	⁵³Mn	⁵³Fe > [ 100 % , β+ , 2,720.38 keV ] > ⁵³Mn								100.000'000	%	⁵³Cr
Isotope_026_fe_54_s	Stable	⁵⁴Fe	Boson	26	p	28	n	0	1	53.939'610'501'0	u	5.845'000	%	3.152'770'233'8	-56.252'456'000'0	MeV	8.736'344'000'0	MeV	-		-	-				?	%	2β+	-1,364.310	keV	⁵⁴Cr	⁵⁴Fe > [ ? % , 2β+ , -1,364.31 keV ] > ⁵⁴Cr								?	%	⁵⁴Cr
Isotope_026_fe_55_u	Unstable	⁵⁵Fe	Fermion	26	p	29	n	3/2	-1	54.938'293'357'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-57.479'368'000'0	MeV	8.746'560'000'0	MeV	-		-	2.74E+0	years	86.430	mega-seconds ( x⁶ )	100.000'000	%	ϵ	231.212	keV	⁵⁵Mn	⁵⁵Fe > [ 100 % , ϵ , 231.212 keV ] > ⁵⁵Mn								100.000'000	%	⁵⁵Mn
Isotope_026_fe_56_s	Stable	⁵⁶Fe	Boson	26	p	30	n	0	1	55.934'937'475'0	u	91.754'000	%	51.322'542'530'8	-60.605'352'000'0	MeV	8.790'323'000'0	MeV	-		-	-
Isotope_026_fe_57_s	Stable	⁵⁷Fe	Fermion	26	p	31	n	1/2	-1	56.935'393'969'0	u	2.119'000	%	1.206'460'998'2	-60.180'130'000'0	MeV	8.770'249'000'0	MeV	0.090'440'000'0	nm	-	-
Isotope_026_fe_58_s	Stable	⁵⁸Fe	Boson	26	p	32	n	0	1	57.933'275'558'0	u	0.282'000	%	0.163'371'837'1	-62.153'418'000'0	MeV	8.792'221'000'0	MeV	-		-	-
Isotope_026_fe_59_u	Unstable	⁵⁹Fe	Fermion	26	p	33	n	3/2	-1	58.934'875'464'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-60.663'114'000'0	MeV	8.754'743'000'0	MeV	0.290'000'000'0	nm	-	1.22E-1	year	3.844	mega-seconds ( x⁶ )	100.000'000	%	β-	1,565.297	keV	⁵⁹Co	⁵⁹Fe > [ 100 % , β- , 1,565.297 keV ] > ⁵⁹Co								100.000'000	%	⁵⁹Co
Isotope_026_fe_60_u	Unstable	⁶⁰Fe	Boson	26	p	34	n	0	1	59.934'071'683'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-61.411'832'000'0	MeV	8.755'831'000'0	MeV	-		-	1.49E+6	years	47.021	tera-seconds ( x¹² )	100.000'000	%	β-	237.180	keV	⁶⁰Co	⁶⁰Fe > [ 100 % , β- , 237.18 keV ] > ⁶⁰Co								100.000'000	%	⁶⁰Ni
Isotope_026_fe_61_u	Unstable	⁶¹Fe	Fermion	26	p	35	n	?	0	60.936'745'281'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-58.921'391'000'0	MeV	8.703'782'000'0	MeV	-		-	1.14E-5	year	358.980	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	3,977.000	keV	⁶¹Co	⁶¹Fe > [ 100 % , β- , 3,977.0 keV ] > ⁶¹Co								100.000'000	%	⁶¹Ni
Isotope_026_fe_62_u	Unstable	⁶²Fe	Boson	26	p	36	n	0	1	61.936'767'442'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-58.900'749'000'0	MeV	8.693'248'000'0	MeV	-		-	2.15E-6	year	67.800	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	2,530.800	keV	⁶²Co	⁶²Fe > [ 100 % , β- , 2,530.8 keV ] > ⁶²Co								100.000'000	%	⁶²Ni
Isotope_026_fe_63_u	Unstable	⁶³Fe	Fermion	26	p	37	n	5/2	-1	62.940'369'091'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-55.545'834'000'0	MeV	8.630'124'000'0	MeV	-		-	1.93E-7	year	6.100	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	6,295.000	keV	⁶³Co	⁶³Fe > [ 100 % , β- , 6,295.0 keV ] > ⁶³Co								100.000'000	%	⁶³Cu
Isotope_026_fe_64_u	Unstable	⁶⁴Fe	Boson	26	p	38	n	0	1	63.941'201'265'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-54.770'668'000'0	MeV	8.609'280'000'0	MeV	-		-	6.34E-8	year	2.000	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	5,022.000	keV	⁶⁴Co	⁶⁴Fe > [ 100 % , β- , 5,022.0 keV ] > ⁶⁴Co								100.000'000	%	⁶⁴Ni
Isotope_026_fe_65_u	Unstable	⁶⁵Fe	Fermion	26	p	39	n	1/2	1	64.945'380'270'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-50.877'951'000'0	MeV	8.541'116'000'0	MeV	-		-	4.12E-8	year	1.300	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	8,292.000	keV	⁶⁵Co	⁶⁵Fe > [ 100 % , β- , 8,292.0 keV ] > ⁶⁵Co								100.000'000	%	⁶⁵Cu
Isotope_026_fe_66_u	Unstable	⁶⁶Fe	Boson	26	p	40	n	0	1	65.946'780'638'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-49.573'517'000'0	MeV	8.514'234'000'0	MeV	-		-	1.39E-8	year	440.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	6,538.000	keV	⁶⁶Co	⁶⁶Fe > [ 100 % , β- , 6,538.0 keV ] > ⁶⁶Co	?	%	β-n	1,525.000	keV	⁶⁵Co	⁶⁶Fe > [ ? % , β-n , 1,525.0 keV ] > ⁶⁵Co	100.000'000	%	⁶⁶Zn	?	%	⁶⁵Cu
Isotope_026_fe_67_u	Unstable	⁶⁷Fe	Fermion	26	p	41	n	1/2	-1	66.950'947'244'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-45.692'348'000'0	MeV	8.449'695'000'0	MeV	-		-	1.25E-8	year	394.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	9,369.000	keV	⁶⁷Co	⁶⁷Fe > [ 100 % , β- , 9,369.0 keV ] > ⁶⁷Co	?	%	β-n	2,348.000	keV	⁶⁶Co	⁶⁷Fe > [ ? % , β-n , 2,348.0 keV ] > ⁶⁶Co	100.000'000	%	⁶⁷Zn	?	%	⁶⁶Zn
Isotope_026_fe_68_u	Unstable	⁶⁸Fe	Boson	26	p	42	n	0	1	67.953'700'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-43.128'173'000'0	MeV	8.406'422'000'0	MeV	-		-	5.93E-9	year	187.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	8,222.000	keV	⁶⁸Co	⁶⁸Fe > [ 100 % , β- , 8,222.0 keV ] > ⁶⁸Co	?	%	β-n	3,862.000	keV	⁶⁷Co	⁶⁸Fe > [ ? % , β-n , 3,862.0 keV ] > ⁶⁷Co	100.000'000	%	⁶⁸Zn	?	%	⁶⁷Zn
Isotope_026_fe_69_u	Unstable	⁶⁹Fe	Fermion	26	p	43	n	1/2	-1	68.958'780'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-38.396'000'000'0	MeV	8.333'000'000'0	MeV	-		-	3.45E-9	year	109.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	93.000'000	%	β-	11,606.000	keV	⁶⁹Co	⁶⁹Fe > [ 93 % , β- , 11,606.0 keV ] > ⁶⁹Co	7.000'000	%	β-n	4,883.000	keV	⁶⁸Co	⁶⁹Fe > [ 7 % , β-n , 4,883.0 keV ] > ⁶⁸Co	92.070'000	%	⁶⁹Ga	7.930'000	%	⁶⁸Zn
Isotope_026_fe_70_u	Unstable	⁷⁰Fe	Boson	26	p	44	n	0	1	69.961'460'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-35.900'000'000'0	MeV	8.294'000'000'0	MeV	-		-	2.98E-9	year	94.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	100.000'000	%	β-	9,740.000	keV	⁷⁰Co	⁷⁰Fe > [ 100 % , β- , 9,740.0 keV ] > ⁷⁰Co								?	%	⁶⁹Ga	?	%	⁷⁰Ge
Isotope_026_fe_71_u	Unstable	⁷¹Fe	Fermion	26	p	45	n	7/2	1	70.966'720'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-31.000'000'000'0	MeV	8.221'000'000'0	MeV	-		-	9.51E-10	year	30.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	12,870.000	keV	⁷¹Co	⁷¹Fe > [ ? % , β- , 12,870.0 keV ] > ⁷¹Co								?	%	⁷¹Ga	?	%	⁷⁰Ge
Isotope_026_fe_72_u	Unstable	⁷²Fe	Boson	26	p	46	n	0	1	71.969'620'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	-28.299'000'000'0	MeV	8.182'000'000'0	MeV	-		-	3.17E-10	year	10.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	?	%	β-	11,001.000	keV	⁷²Co	⁷²Fe > [ ? % , β- , 11,001.0 keV ] > ⁷²Co								?	%	⁷²Ge	?	%	⁷¹Ga

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