CARBON, C (6)

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ATOMIC ARCHITECTURE

Spectrograph

Elemental Tile

Carbon from Coal

···

OVERVIEW

CARBON

C (6)

ˈkɑːrbən

PHONETICS

IDENTIFICATION

Carbon is non-metallic and tetravalent-making with four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds. 14C is a radioactive isotope, decaying with a half-life of about 5,730 years.

ELEMENT BRIEF

3750 BCE by Egyptians and Sumerians.

DISCOVERY

Latin, carbō ('charcoal, coal').

ETYMOLOGY

Carbon

ELEMENT

C

SYMBOL

6

ATOMIC NUMBER

7440-44-0

CAS NUMBER

PHYSICAL

element

ELEMENTAL SPECTRUM

Black

ELEMENTAL COLOUR

2.417'000

REFRACTIVE INDEX

-

POISSON RATIO

3.419 cm³

MOLAR VOLUME

-

BRINELL HARDNESS

0.50

MOHS HARDNESS

-

VICKERS HARDNESS

18,350 m/s, Mach 53.498'5

SPEED OF SOUND

33.00G Pa, 325.684'7k Atm

BULK MODULUS

-

SHEAR MODULUS

-

YOUNG MODULUS

ALLOTROPES

element

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THERMODYNAMIC

3,823.15 K, 3,550.00 °C

MELTING POINT

4,300.15 K, 4,027.00 °C

BOILING POINT

758.15 K, 485.00 °C

AUTOMATIC IGNITION

-

FLASHPOINT

-

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

-

CRITICAL PRESSURE

140.000'000 W/(m K)

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

0.000’007’1 K¯¹

THERMAL EXPANSION

710.00 J/(kg K)

SPECIFIC HEAT

105.000 kJ/mol

HEAT FUSION

715.000 kJ/mol

HEAT VAPORISATION

393.000 J/(kg K)

HEAT COMBUSTION

-

CURIE POINT

-

NEEL POINT

-

ADIABATIC INDEX

Solid

PHASE

ELECTROMAGNETIC

Conductor

ELECTRICAL TYPE

100.00k S/m

CONDUCTIVITY

10.00μ Ω.m

RESISTIVITY

-

SUPERCONDUCTING POINT

Diamagnetic

MAGNETIC TYPE

-0.000'000'006'2

MASS SUSCEPTIBILITY

-0.000'000'000'074'50

MOLAR SUSCEPTIBILITY

-0.000'014'000'00

VOLUME SUSCEPTIBILITY

STRUCTURE

Non Metal

CLASSIFICATION

12.010'735'9

ATOMIC WEIGHT

67 pm

ATOMIC RADIUS

75 pm

COVALENT RADIUS SINGLE BOND

67 pm

COVALENT RADIUS DOUBLE BOND

60 pm

COVALENT RADIUS TRIPLE BOND

170 pm

VAN DER WAALS RADIUS

[He]2s²2p²

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

Hexagonal, Primitive

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

3.513'00 g/cm³

DENSITY AS SOLID

-

DENSITY AS LIQUID

-

DENSITY AS GAS

P6₃/mmc

SPACE GROUP NAME

194

SPACE GROUP NUMBER

π/2, π/2 & 2π/3

LATTICE ANGLES

246.4, 246.4 & 671.1 pm

LATTICE CONSTANTS

REACTIVITY

4

VALENCE

2.55

ELECTRONEGATIVITY

121.78 kJ/mol

ELECTRON AFFINITY

IONISATION ENERGY

element

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ELEMENTAL DISTRIBUTION

0.5 %

UNIVERSE

1.5 %

METEORITES

0.3 %

SUN

0.18 %

EARTH CRUST

0.002'8 %

OCEANS

23 %

HUMANS

ISOTOPES

Stable

HALF LIFE

Stable

LIFETIME

2p² = 2, 1, 0, +1/2

QUANTUM NUMBERS

5.551'00 b σ_s

NEUTRON CROSS SECTION

0.003'50 b σ_a

NEUTRON MASS ABSORPTION

STABLE ISOTOPES

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UNSTABLE ISOTOPES

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ISOTOPIC CHAIN

Isotope	Stability	Symbol	Type	Protons		Neutrons		Spin	Parity	Mass		Abundance		Mass Measure	Mass Excess		Binding Energy		Dipole Moment		Quadrupole Moment		Halflife in Years		Halflife in Seconds		A01 Decay Probability		A01 Decay Mode	A01 Decay Energy		A01 Decay Daughter	A01 Decay Link	A02 Decay Probability		A02 Decay Mode	A02 Decay Energy		A02 Decay Daughter	A02 Decay Link	A03 Decay Probability		A03 Decay Mode	A03 Decay Energy		A03 Decay Daughter	A03 Decay Link	A04 Decay Probability		A04 Decay Mode	A04 Decay Energy		A04 Decay Daughter	A04 Decay Link	A05 Decay Probability		A05 Decay Mode	A05 Decay Energy		A05 Decay Daughter	A05 Decay Link	A06 Decay Probability		A06 Decay Mode	A06 Decay Energy		A06 Decay Daughter	A06 Decay Link	Y01 Decay Product Yield		Y01 Decay Product Nuclide	Y02 Decay Product Yield		Y02 Decay Product Nuclide	Y03 Decay Product Yield		Y03 Decay Product Nuclide	Y04 Decay Product Yield		Y04 Decay Product Nuclide	Y05 Decay Product Yield		Y05 Decay Product Nuclide	Y06 Decay Product Yield		Y06 Decay Product Nuclide	Y07 Decay Product Yield		Y07 Decay Product Nuclide	Y08 Decay Product Yield		Y08 Decay Product Nuclide	Y09 Decay Product Yield		Y09 Decay Product Nuclide	Y10 Decay Product Yield		Y10 Decay Product Nuclide	Y11 Decay Product Yield		Y11 Decay Product Nuclide	Y12 Decay Product Yield		Y12 Decay Product Nuclide
Isotope_006_c_8_u	Unstable	⁸C	Boson	6	p	2	n	0	1	8.037'675'025'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	35.094'060'000'0	MeV	3.097'800'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.34E-29	year	2.000	zepto-seconds ( x⁻²¹ )	100.000'000	%	2p	2,141.200	keV	⁶Be	⁸C > [ 100 % , 2p , 2,141.2 keV ] > ⁶Be																																				100.000'000	%	⁴He
Isotope_006_c_9_u	Unstable	⁹C	Fermion	6	p	3	n	3/2	-1	9.031'036'689'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	28.910'491'000'0	MeV	4.337'476'000'0	MeV	-		-		4.01E-9	year	126.500	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	60.000'000	%	β+	15,472.610	keV	⁹B	⁹C > [ 60 % , β+ , 15,472.61 keV ] > ⁹B	23.000'000	%	β+p	?	keV	⁸Be	⁹C > [ 23 % , β+p , ? keV ] > ⁸Be	17.000'000	%	β+α	?	keV	⁵Li	⁹C > [ 17 % , β+α , ? keV ] > ⁵Li																						100.000'000	%	⁵He
Isotope_006_c_10_u	Unstable	¹⁰C	Boson	6	p	4	n	0	1	10.016'853'228'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	15.698'682'000'0	MeV	6.032'041'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.11E-7	year	19.290	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β+	2,625.751	keV	¹⁰B	¹⁰C > [ 100 % , β+ , 2,625.751 keV ] > ¹⁰B																																				100.000'000	%	¹⁰B
Isotope_006_c_11_u	Unstable	¹¹C	Fermion	6	p	5	n	3/2	-1	11.011'433'613'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	10.650'342'000'0	MeV	6.676'370'000'0	MeV	-0.964'000'000'0	nm	0.034'260'000'0	b	3.88E-5	year	1.223	kilo-seconds ( x³ )	100.000'000	%	β+	960.211	keV	¹¹B	¹¹C > [ 100 % , β+ , 960.211 keV ] > ¹¹B																																				100.000'000	%	¹¹B
Isotope_006_c_12_s	Stable	¹²C	Boson	6	p	6	n	0	1	12.000'000'000'0	u	98.930'000	%	11.871'600'000'0		MeV	7.680'144'000'0	MeV	-		-		-
Isotope_006_c_13_s	Stable	¹³C	Fermion	6	p	7	n	1/2	-1	13.003'354'837'8	u	1.070'000	%	0.139'135'896'8	3.125'011'290'0	MeV	7.469'849'000'0	MeV	0.702'411'800'0	nm	-		-
Isotope_006_c_14_u	Unstable	¹⁴C	Boson	6	p	8	n	0	1	14.003'241'988'7	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	3.019'893'050'0	MeV	7.520'319'000'0	MeV	-		-		5.71E+3	years	180.194	giga-seconds ( x⁹ )	100.000'000	%	β-	156.476	keV	¹⁴N	¹⁴C > [ 100 % , β- , 156.476 keV ] > ¹⁴N																																				100.000'000	%	¹⁴N
Isotope_006_c_15_u	Unstable	¹⁵C	Fermion	6	p	9	n	1/2	1	15.010'599'256'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	9.873'144'000'0	MeV	7.100'169'000'0	MeV	1.320'000'000'0	nm	-		7.76E-8	year	2.449	seconds ( x⁰ )	100.000'000	%	β-	9,771.706	keV	¹⁵N	¹⁵C > [ 100 % , β- , 9,771.706 keV ] > ¹⁵N																																				100.000'000	%	¹⁵N
Isotope_006_c_16_u	Unstable	¹⁶C	Boson	6	p	10	n	0	1	16.014'701'252'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	13.694'129'000'0	MeV	6.922'054'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.37E-8	year	747.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	97.900'000	%	β-n	5,521.370	keV	¹⁵N	¹⁶C > [ 97.9 % , β-n , 5,521.37 keV ] > ¹⁵N																																				97.899'900	%	¹⁵N
Isotope_006_c_17_u	Unstable	¹⁷C	Fermion	6	p	11	n	3/2	1	17.022'586'116'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	21.038'832'000'0	MeV	6.557'616'000'0	MeV	-		-		6.12E-9	year	193.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	72.000'000	%	β-	13,167.500	keV	¹⁵N	¹⁷C > [ 72 % , β- , 13,167.5 keV ] > ¹⁵N	28.400'000	%	β-n	7,283.900	keV	¹⁶N	¹⁷C > [ 28.4 % , β-n , 7,283.9 keV ] > ¹⁶N																													96.800'000	%	¹⁶O	0.001'800	%	¹³C	0.000'283	%	¹²C
Isotope_006_c_18_u	Unstable	¹⁸C	Boson	6	p	12	n	0	1	18.026'759'354'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	24.926'178'000'0	MeV	6.425'747'000'0	MeV	-		-		2.92E-9	year	92.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	69.000'000	%	β-	11,811.700	keV	¹⁸N	¹⁸C > [ 69 % , β- , 11,811.7 keV ] > ¹⁸N	31.500'000	%	β-n	8,983.500	keV	¹⁷N	¹⁸C > [ 31.5 % , β-n , 8,983.5 keV ] > ¹⁷N																													53.130'000	%	¹⁸O	29.924'900	%	¹⁶O	8.418'000	%	¹⁴N	7.521'000	%	¹⁷O	0.000'788	%	¹³C
Isotope_006_c_19_u	Unstable	¹⁹C	Fermion	6	p	13	n	1/2	1	19.034'805'018'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	32.420'666'000'0	MeV	6.117'909'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.46E-9	year	46.200	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	47.000'000	%	β-n	11,235.000	keV	¹⁸N	¹⁹C > [ 47 % , β-n , 11,235.0 keV ] > ¹⁸N	46.000'000	%	β-	16,558.500	keV	¹⁹N	¹⁹C > [ 46 % , β- , 16,558.5 keV ] > ¹⁹N	7.000'000	%	β-2n	8,406.700	keV	¹⁷N	¹⁹C > [ 7 % , β-2n , 8,406.7 keV ] > ¹⁷N																						61.306'000	%	¹⁸O	20.700'000	%	¹⁹F	6.650'000	%	¹⁶O	5.734'000	%	¹⁴N	5.123'000	%	¹⁷O	0.000'200	%	¹²C	0.000'200	%	¹²C	0.000'200	%	¹²C	0.000'200	%	¹²C	0.000'200	%	¹²C	0.000'200	%	¹²C	0.000'200	%	¹²C
Isotope_006_c_20_u	Unstable	²⁰C	Boson	6	p	14	n	0	1	20.040'319'754'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	37.557'610'000'0	MeV	5.958'733'000'0	MeV	-		-		5.07E-10	year	16.000	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	72.000'000	%	β-n	13,624.000	keV	¹⁹N	²⁰C > [ 72 % , β-n , 13,624.0 keV ] > ¹⁹N	28.000'000	%	β-	15,793.000	keV	²⁰N	²⁰C > [ 28 % , β- , 15,793.0 keV ] > ²⁰N																													48.360'000	%	¹⁹F	39.312'000	%	¹⁸O	12.040'000	%	²⁰Ne
Isotope_006_c_21_u	Unstable	²¹C	Fermion	6	p	15	n	1/2	1	21.049'340'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	45.960'000'000'0	MeV	5.659'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		9.51E-16	year	30.000	nano-seconds ( x⁻⁹ )	?	%	n	331.000	keV	²⁰N	²¹C > [ ? % , n , 331.0 keV ] > ²⁰N																																				?	%	¹⁸O	?	%	²⁰Ne	?	%	¹⁹F
Isotope_006_c_22_u	Unstable	²²C	Boson	6	p	16	n	0	1	22.057'200'000'0	u	~ 0	%	~ 0	53.281'000'000'0	MeV	5.436'000'000'0	MeV	-		-		1.96E-10	year	6.200	milli-seconds ( x⁻³ )	99.000'000	%	β-n	19,959.000	keV	²¹N	²²C > [ 99 % , β-n , 19,959.0 keV ] > ²¹N	?	%	β-n2	15,373.000	keV	²⁰N	²²C > [ ? % , β-n2 , 15,373.0 keV ] > ²⁰N																													79.200'000	%	²⁰Ne	?	%	¹⁹F

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